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控释肥用量对旱作夏玉米叶片含氮量时空分布的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了明确控释肥用量对夏玉米氮素营养的影响,以‘郑单958’为试验材料,设0、682、1023、1364 kg/hm2共4种施肥量,研究了叶片含氮量的时空分布。结果表明,施肥量、叶位和取样时期的主效显著,施肥量×叶位互作不显著,而施肥量×取样时期互作显著。出苗后,玉米叶片含氮量大喇叭口期达到最大值,成熟期降到最低;玉米叶片含氮量均表现为中位叶的值最大,而上位叶和下位叶的相对大小出现波动。各部位叶片氮素含量随施肥量发生变化,但时空分布模式并未发生改变。玉米中位叶叶片含氮量和产量呈显著正相关,在施肥量为1023 kg/hm2时均达到最大值。玉米中位叶可以作为监测玉米氮素营养状况的指示性叶位。 相似文献
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玉米不同叶位叶片的初步研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用两个玉米品种,于春、夏两季播种,对玉米植株基部(第3叶)、下部(第7、9叶)、中部(果穗叶)和上部(倒二叶)四个叶位叶片,进行叶肉细胞的形态、气孔器的分布、维管束的数目、叶绿素的含量和光合强度的综合研究。趋势如下:叶肉细胞的形态具有多样性,果穗叶最复杂,四环以上细胞的比例最高,自果穗叶向上向下各叶渐趋简单。不同叶位叶片气孔器的密度,有随叶位上升而增加的趋势。在维管束的数目、导管粗度、叶绿素的含量和光合强度诸方面,果穗叶均高于其它叶位。综上所述,玉米不同叶位叶片的结构与功能的变化趋势是一致的,中部果穗叶片优于其它叶位。 相似文献
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田间密植诱导抽穗期玉米叶片衰老时的光合作用机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为理解田间密植是否诱导抽穗期玉米叶片衰老以及衰老叶片的光合作用规律和机制,本研究以玉米"先玉335"为材料研究了抽穗期栽培密度对穗位叶和穗下第4叶的光环境、比叶重、氮素含量、叶绿素含量、气体交换以及叶绿素荧光诱导动力学的影响。结果表明,随着密度的增加玉米冠层内的光强大幅降低,尤其穗下第4叶;穗位叶和穗下第4叶的比叶重降低。同时,穗位叶和穗下第4叶的氮素含量和叶绿素含量均随栽培密度增加而下降。不同栽培密度下穗位叶荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP)未发生明显改变,而高密度下穗下第4叶OJIP的J和I相的相对荧光产量较低密度有提高趋势。高密度下,穗位叶和穗下第4叶叶片的光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均降低;不过,穗位叶胞间CO2浓度降低,穗下第4叶胞间CO2浓度增加。我们认为,田间密植条件下异质性光环境可以迅速诱导抽穗期玉米冠层下部叶片(如穗下第4叶)衰老;该过程中,光合作用的限制因素不是光能吸收和电子传递,而可能是碳同化。 相似文献
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油菜素内酯对春玉米灌浆期叶片光合功能与产量的调控效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以玉米品种"郑单958"为材料,在大田条件下,采用植物生长调节物质油菜素内酯(brassinolide,BR)对苞叶和穗位叶喷施处理,研究了BR对玉米穗位叶功能、籽粒灌浆及产量的调控作用。结果表明,灌浆期随生育进程,玉米穗位叶叶绿素含量、光合速率、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCase)、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Ru BPCase)以及蔗糖磷酸合酶和蔗糖合酶的活性均显著下降。同时,籽粒蔗糖含量显著降低,但淀粉含量和粒重均显著增加。与对照相比,BR处理显著增加玉米穗位叶叶绿素含量,提高光合速率,增强PEPCase、Ru BPCase、蔗糖磷酸合酶和蔗糖合酶的活性。BR处理显著增加籽粒蔗糖和淀粉积累,提高玉米籽粒干物质积累。在产量构成上,BR显著缩短秃尖长度,增加穗粒数和千粒重,显著提高产量。本研究说明,灌浆期喷施BR可提高玉米叶源的活性,延长叶片光合功能持续期,促进籽粒灌浆和物质积累,从而实现增产。 相似文献
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夏播“京早7号”玉米叶片叶绿素含量消长规律的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究表明,玉米植株叶片间的叶绿素含量(a+b,a、b,a/b值)变化有明显的区别.基部第一叶,叶绿素含量高峰出现早,维持时间短,呈单峰曲线变化;其余叶片为双峰曲线或多峰曲线变化.随叶位的升高而出现高峰期推迟,顶住叶稍晚;中上位叶最晚.全株叶片中,以17叶(穗位上1—2叶)含量最高,其次为以穗位叶为中心的中上位叶.全株叶片在不同生育期间叶绿素含量的变化,以子粒灌浆高峰始期为最高,在此以前又在展2—3叶期,雄穗生长锥伸长——裂片期;雄穗小花分化——四分体期,抽雄——雌穗叶丝期,出现4个峰期.与叶片干物质积累输出动态有相应的变化.不同序位叶片叶绿素含量以上位叶>中位叶>下位叶,而a/b值则以下位叶>上位叶>中位叶. 相似文献
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基于冠层反射光谱的夏玉米叶片氮积累量估测 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为实现夏玉米冠层氮素状况的实时无损监测,于2009—2010年连续2个生长季,通过不同玉米品种和施氮水平下的田间试验,研究夏玉米叶片氮积累量与冠层反射光谱的相关关系,提出叶片氮积累量的敏感光谱参数,并建立叶片氮积累量的定量估算模型。结果表明,夏玉米叶片氮积累量随施氮水平的提高而增加;可见光波段的460~670 nm和近红外区的780~1100 nm是监测玉米叶片氮积累量变化差异的敏感波段;归一化植被指数(NDVI)、优化的简单比值指数(MSR)、优化土壤调节植被指数(OSAVI)、修正土壤调整植被指数(MSAVI)和土壤调整植被指数(SAVI)与叶片氮积累量相关性较好。利用不同年际独立试验数据对监测模型进行检验,以OSAVI为自变量构建的叶片氮积累量监测模型效果最优,相关系数(r)为0.6745,均方根差(RMSE)为1.2368。利用本研究确立的玉米叶片氮积累量与冠层反射光谱的定量关系,可用来定量估测叶片氮积累量的变化状况。 相似文献
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叶片是玉米植株进行光合作用最主要的器官,对玉米产量贡献巨大。利用1份玉米穗三叶窄叶和2份穗三叶宽叶自交系为材料,构建2套6世代分离群体（群体1和群体2）,利用经典植物数量性状混合遗传模型主基因+多基因多世代联合分析方法,对玉米穗三叶叶片宽度的遗传效应进行分析。结果表明,2套群体穗三叶叶宽遗传均受不同的基因数量控制,属于不同的多基因遗传模型。在群体1中,穗上叶叶宽符合1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型（D-0）,穗位叶叶宽符合2对基因加性-显性-上位性模型（B-1）,穗下叶叶宽符合2对基因加性-显性模型（B-2）。在群体2中,穗上叶叶宽符合2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型（E-3）,穗位叶和穗下叶叶宽符合1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型（D-2）。综上可知,玉米叶宽主要受主效基因控制,且在不同的遗传背景下,玉米穗三叶的遗传模式存在差异,穗位叶、穗上叶及穗下叶的遗传模式均受遗传背景的影响。 相似文献
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小麦冷源具有明显降低小麦体温的作用,是培育冷型小麦的优质种质资源。论文通过常规石蜡切片的方法观察比较了冷源、冷型小麦小偃6号和暖型小麦9430功能叶片的显微结构,并在灌浆结实期测定了功能叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,旨在揭示冷源功能叶片的结构和生理特性。结果表明,冷源旗叶叶片厚度分别比冷型小麦和暖型小麦高出19.3%和9.0%,倒二叶分别高出19.7%和5.7%,倒三叶分别高出37.2%和2.7%;冷源旗叶叶脉横截面积分别比冷型小麦和暖型小麦高出25.2%和37.7%,倒二叶分别高出5.9%和12.6%,倒三叶分别高出13.1%和33.3%;冷源旗叶、倒二叶和倒三叶中的叶脉间距分别比冷型小麦小偃6号同叶位功能叶片高出17.7%,2.0%和9.2%,分别比暖型小麦9430同叶位功能叶片低3.7%、6.8%和8.3%。随着籽粒灌浆的进行,冷源、冷型小麦和暖型小麦功能叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均呈下降趋势,但冷源和冷型小麦在灌浆前、中、后期均较暖型小麦高,功能叶片衰老缓慢,功能期较长。 相似文献
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为研究褪黑素浸种对盐碱胁迫下大豆种子萌发的影响,以大豆品种垦丰16为试验材料,研究100μmol/L褪黑素浸种对不同浓度混合盐碱（NaCl和NaHCO3物质的量按1:1混合,配制为0、25、50、100、200mmol/L的盐碱溶液）胁迫下大豆种子萌发的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,随盐碱浓度提升,大豆种子发芽率、发芽指数、芽鲜重和芽干重呈不断降低趋势,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性呈不断上升趋势;渗透调节物质可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势;膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛、H2O2含量、$\mathop{{O}}_{2}^{{\mathop{}_{\ .}^{-}}}$产生速率呈不断上升趋势。褪黑素浸种可提高不同浓度盐碱胁迫下大豆种子发芽率、发芽指数、芽鲜重、芽干重和抗氧化酶活性以及渗透调节物质含量,降低丙二醛、H2O2含量和$\mathop{{O}}_{2}^{{\mathop{}_{\ .}^{-}}}$产生速率。综上所述,褪黑素浸种可以缓解不同浓度盐碱胁迫对大豆种子发芽的抑制作用,并能提高抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,降低膜脂过氧化程度。 相似文献
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Ying’an Zhu ShiJun Wu Jianmin Xu Zhaohua Lu Guangyou Li Yang Hu Xueyan Yang David Bush 《Euphytica》2017,213(7):142
An inter-specific hybrid breeding program involving Eucalyptus urophylla (U) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (C) was implemented in order to provide genotypes better adapted to southern China with improved growth rate, stem-straightness and wind-resistance. A trial involving 36 reciprocal crosses from six parents each of C and U that had been preselected for superior growth and stem-straightness was established at a site in Luokeng in Guangdong province. Ten, pure-species families using the hybrid parents as open-pollinated female parents were included as controls. Survival and growth traits at ages 2 and 8.3 years and stem-straightness at age 2 years were assessed. Inter-specific hybrids generally performed better than the pure species in terms of survival, growth traits and stem-straightness. Female U by male C crosses generally outperformed those involving male U and female C. Further indication of the significant reciprocal effect was supported by negative and low correlations between paired groups of full-sibs that differed only in the direction of the cross. Components of female additive genetic variance and narrow-sense heritability calculated from this estimate (\(\sigma_{\rm Af}^{2}\) and \(h_{\rm f}^{2}\)), respectively) were generally higher than those of the male \(\left( {\sigma_{\rm Am,}^{2} h_{\rm m}^{2} } \right)\), providing evidence for maternal effects. The narrow-sense heritability (h2) estimates based on general hybridizing ability for growth traits and stem-straightness were generally low at both ages, and of low precision at 8.3 years. The ratio of hybrid additive-to-dominance variance \(\left( {{{\sigma_{\rm A}^{2} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\sigma_{\rm A}^{2} } {\sigma_{\rm D}^{2} }}} \right. \kern-0pt} {\sigma_{\rm D}^{2} }}} \right)\) was of little practical consequence at age 2 years and had further decreased by age 8.3 years. Trait-trait genetic correlations amongst hybrids were generally positive and moderate to high. Hybrid vigour, gauged by comparison with the performance of the pure species progeny was significant, though correlations between pure species and hybrid progeny-based estimates of parental performance were weak, indicating that making parental selections in pure species trials may not be a successful strategy. 相似文献
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Carlos Alberto Scapim Cleso Antônio Patto Pacheco Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior Rafael Augusto Vieira Ronald José Barth Pinto Thiago Vincenzi Conrado 《Euphytica》2010,174(2):209-218
In plant breeding, correlations between the statistics of stability and adaptability of popcorn cultivars are not yet well
understood. Therefore, the objectives of the present experiment was to investigate the correlations between sdi2 \sigma_{\rm di}^{2} and bi \beta_{\rm i} from Eberhart and Russell, ωi from Wricke,
\textS\texti(1) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(1)} ,
\textS\texti(2) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(2)} and
\textS\texti(3) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(3)} from Huehn, Pi from Lin and Binns and the rank-sum from Kang, and indicate the most reliable method for selecting popcorn cultivars. These
statistics were estimated by data of crop yield from 19 Brazilian genotypes under 21 environments and popping expansion under
16 environments. The ωi,
\textS\texti(1) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(1)} ,
\textS\texti(2) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(2)} ,
\textS\texti(3) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(3)} and sdi2 \sigma_{\rm di}^{2} were positively and significantly correlated indicating that just one in these five statistics is sufficient for selecting
stable genotypes although they were not correlated with the means of crop yield and popping expansion. The bi \beta_{\rm i} was negatively and significantly correlated with Pi for crop yield indicating that the most adaptable genotypes tend to have the lowest estimates of Pi. Although Pi was not correlated with ωi,
\textS\texti(1) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(1)} ,
\textS\texti(2) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(2)} ,
\textS\texti(3) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(3)} , or sdi2 \sigma_{\rm di}^{2} statistics, it displayed positive correlation with the Index 1 (crop yield and popping expansion +
\textS\texti(1) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(1)} rank) and Index 2 (crop yield and popping expansion + Wi) indicating that superior popcorn genotypes are also stable. Finally, both Pi and the rank-sum are useful statistics in breeding programmes where crop yield, popping expansion and stability are essential
traits for selecting genotypes. 相似文献
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Jerônimo Constantino Borel Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho Vinícius Rezende Ferreira de Carvalho Ângela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu 《Euphytica》2013,193(1):39-47
This study aimed compare segregating populations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) derived from intra and inter-gene pool crosses of elite lines by estimates of some genetic and phenotypic parameters. Four elite lines highly adapted to Brazilian conditions were used (ESAL 686 and BRS Radiante: Andean gene pool; BRSMG Majestoso and BRS Valente: Mesoamerican gene pool). Two intra-gene pool (“A”: ESAL 686 × BRS Radiante; “B”: BRS Valente × BRSMG Majestoso) and two inter-gene pool segregant populations (“C”: BRS Radiante × BRSMG Majestoso and “D”: ESAL 686 × BRS Valente) were obtained. The parental lines, the cultivar Pérola and fifty-five F2:3 progenies of each population were evaluated in the rainy season 2010/2011, and afterwards (F2:4) in dry season of 2011. Estimates of genetic variance ( $\hat{\sigma }_{G}^{2}$ ), heritability on a progeny mean basis ( $\hat{h}_{p}^{2}$ ), heritability realized ( $\hat{h}_{R}^{2}$ ) and gain expected from selection (GS) were obtained at joint analysis, in each population, for the traits number of days to flowering (DTF), 100 seed weight (100SW) and seed yield (SYD). It was observed that for all traits, inter-gene pool crosses (“C” and “D”) showed higher estimates of $\hat{\sigma }_{G}^{2}$ , $\hat{h}_{p}^{2}$ , $\hat{h}_{R}^{2}$ and GS than intra-gene pool crosses (“A” and “B”), which indicates more genetic variability. However, for SYD, the higher variability was associated to lower average of seed yield, showing that even utilizing adapted parents the inter-gene pool crosses are inferior to crosses between lines of the same gene pool. 相似文献
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为研究不同种植模式玉米生长发育和产量形成的差异,以玉米‘京农科728’为研究对象,设置65 cm均匀垄作(CK)、68 cm均匀行平作(M1)和136 cm大垄双行垄作(M2)3种种植模式,对出苗质量、植株形态、光合生理特性和产量及产量构成因素进行比较分析。结果表明：与对照相比,M2保苗密度显著增加,株距显著缩小且变异系数更低;M2株高、穗位高、叶面积指数和单株干物重分别降低12.61%、11.21%、1.59%和3.67%,群体繁茂程度较低但叶面积指数和单株干物重下降程度均较小;M2净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度和蒸腾速率分别提高了25.24%、25.41%、53.60%和14.82%,功能叶片的光合能力显著增强;2017—2018年M2分别增产12.60%和17.59%,群体收获穗数的显著提高是增产的主要原因。本研究推荐,黑龙江省第一积温带玉米适宜种植模式为136 cm大垄双行（宽行90 cm+窄行46 cm）垄作模式。 相似文献
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Lígia Regina Lima Gouvêa Guilherme Augusto Peres Silva Cecília Khusala Verardi André Luis Bombonato de Oliveira Elaine Cristine Piffer Gonçalves Erivaldo José Scaloppi-Junior Mário Luiz Teixeira de Moraes Paulo de Souza Gonçalves 《Euphytica》2013,191(3):365-373
Rubber production in the rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.] can be expressed differently in different environments. Thus the objective of the present study was to select productive progenies, stable and responsive in time and among locations. Thirty progenies were assessed by early yield tests at three ages and in three locations. A randomized block design was used with three replications and ten plants per plot, in 3 × 3 m spacing. The procedure of the mixed linear Reml/Blup model—restricted maximum likelihood/best non-biased linear prediction was used in the genetic statistical analyses. In all the individual analyses, the values observed for the progeny average heritability ( $ \hat{h}_{pa}^{2} $ ) were greater than those of the additive effect based on single individuals ( $ \hat{h}_{a}^{2} $ ) and within plot additive ( $ \hat{h}_{ad}^{2} $ ). In the joint analyses in time, there was genotype × test interaction in the three locations. When 20 % of the best progenies were selected the predicted genetic gains were: Colina GG = 24.63 %, Selvíria GG = 13.63 %, and Votuporanga GG = 25.39 %. Two progenies were among the best in the analyses in the time and between locations. In the joint analysis among locations there was only genotype × location interaction in the first early test. In this test, selecting 20 %, the general predicted genetic gain was GG = 25.10 %. Identifying progenies with high and stable yield over time and among locations contributes to the efficiency of the genetic breeding program. The relative performance of the progenies varies depending of the age of early selection test. 相似文献
19.
通过对168份玉米杂交组合的穗三叶长、宽、面积与产量的相关性分析,探究各性状与玉米产量的相关性,为优良玉米品种的选育提供理论基础。结果表明,小区产量的变异系数较大,达到19.27%,穗三叶各性状的变异系数范围为6.34%~9.59%,变异程度相似。相关分析表明,小区产量与穗三叶各性状为正相关关系。通径分析中各性状对玉米产量的正向直接通径系数大小依次为穗上叶宽、穗上叶长、穗位叶面积、穗位叶长、穗下叶面积、穗下叶宽、穗下叶长、穗位叶宽、穗上叶面积,负向直接通径系数大小依次为穗下叶长、穗位叶宽、穗上叶面积。因此,增加穗三叶叶面积可以有效提高玉米产量,尤其是通过增加穗下叶宽和穗位叶长提高叶面积的玉米杂交种,更有利于产量的增加。 相似文献