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杀虫剂对斜纹夜蛾和家蚕的毒力选择性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为寻找对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura高效且对家蚕Bombyx mori相对安全的杀虫剂品种,以此指导桑园科学合理用药。采用浸叶法测定了14种常用杀虫剂对斜纹夜蛾和家蚕的毒力,比较了药剂在两者之间的毒力选择性。结果表明,供试杀虫剂对斜纹夜蛾的毒力顺序依次为茚虫威〉甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐〉溴虫腈〉甲氧虫酰肼〉多杀菌素〉溴氰菊酯〉高效氯氟氰菊酯〉氟虫腈〉毒死蜱〉虫酰肼〉阿维菌素〉丙溴磷〉高效氯氰菊酯〉灭多威;对家蚕的毒性顺序依次为甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐=阿维菌素〉溴氰菊酯〉多杀菌素〉高效氯氰菊酯〉茚虫威〉高效氯氟氰菊酯〉毒死蜱〉虫酰肼〉灭多威〉氟虫腈〉丙溴磷〉甲氧虫酰肼〉溴虫腈。供试杀虫剂中以溴虫腈对斜纹夜蛾和家蚕的毒力选择性最高,其毒力选择性比值（家蚕LC50/斜纹夜蛾LC50）为36.26;其次为茚虫威,毒力选择性比值为5.56;阿维菌素的毒力选择性比值最低。由此认为,溴虫腈是适合防治桑园斜纹夜蛾且对家蚕安全的杀虫剂品种。 相似文献
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甜菜夜蛾对虫酰肼的抗药性监测及抗性风险评估 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
用浸叶法监测了江苏丰县、大丰、射阳、阜宁、南京江宁及河南新野6个地区甜菜夜蛾初孵幼虫对虫酰肼的抗性,结果表明:各种群对虫酰肼的抗性倍数为2.1~4.2,属敏感至敏感性下降阶段。用虫酰肼筛选甜菜夜蛾广东深圳种群34代后,与起始种群相比,抗性为17.0倍。筛选前17代,甜菜夜蛾对虫酰肼的抗性现实遗传力为0.1021,筛选后17代,现实遗传力为0.1519,前半段现实遗传力小于后半段的现实遗传力。整个34代筛选期间,现实遗传力为0.1695。当抗性现实遗传力为0.1021,杀死率为80%~90%时,抗性上升10倍,需要14~18代。试验结果证明甜菜夜蛾对虫酰肼产生抗性的风险较低。并对甜菜夜蛾的抗性治理进行了讨论。 相似文献
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摘 要：研究旨在明确几种常用杀虫剂对抗性小菜蛾种群的室内毒力和田间防治效果,以及小菜蛾抗性水平与杀虫剂防治效果之间的相关性。笔者测定了7种杀虫剂对田间抗性小菜蛾种群的室内毒力,并进行了7种杀虫剂在登记剂量下防治小菜蛾的田间药效试验。结果表明：7种杀虫剂对靶标小菜蛾种群的室内毒力大小依次为：多杀菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维菌素、虫螨腈、茚虫威、丁醚脲、高效氯氰菊酯,其LC50值分别为1.14、1.81、2.27、4.22、4.59、45.80、156.96 mg/L。该小菜蛾种群对丁醚脲、茚虫威和多杀菌素的抗性倍数分别为2.14、8.83和9.50,处于低水平抗性;对虫螨腈、氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氰菊酯的抗性倍数分别为10.55、30.17和44.21,处于中等水平抗性;对阿维菌素的抗性倍数达113.50,已达高水平抗性。多杀菌素、茚虫威、氯虫苯甲酰胺和丁醚脲对小菜蛾的田间防效相对较好,药后7天防效分别为89.38%、90.67%、84.10%和86.18%。田间小菜蛾种群对7种杀虫剂均产生不同程度抗性,杀虫剂登记剂量处理下对小菜蛾的田间防效与小菜蛾对该药剂的抗性水平存在较明显的负相关性。 相似文献
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<正>南京农业大学植物保护学院联合农业部作物病虫害监测与防控重点开放实验室,近期以敏感品系为对照,利用室内筛选获得的虫酰肼和阿维菌素高抗品系Teb-R和Aba-R,测定了小菜蛾对几种新型杀虫剂的交互抗性。试验结果表明,小菜蛾对虫酰肼产生高水平抗性后(抗性倍数185.5倍),对阿维菌素表现出中等水平交互抗性(41.0 相似文献
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为筛选出高效、低毒杀虫剂以防治甜菜夜蛾,采用浸渍法测定几种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的室内毒力及田间药效试验。室内测定结果表明,几种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的毒力顺序为：甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐>茚虫威>氯虫苯甲酰胺,其中甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、茚虫威对甜菜夜蛾的室内毒力较高,其LC50值分别为0.067、1.806 mg/L。田间试验结果表明,1.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油制剂用量分别为112.5、150.0、187.5 mL/hm 2,药后3、7、10天更正防效达85%以上;5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂制剂用量分别为450、675、900 mL/hm 2,药后3、7、10天更正防效达80%以上;150 g/L茚虫威乳油制剂用量分别为450、525 mL/hm 2,药后7、10天更正防效达85%以上。因此,生产上可推广应用。 相似文献
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为了筛选适合湛江等热带地区防治甘薯小象甲的高效、经济、安全药剂,以甘薯小象甲成虫为实验材料,对12种药剂进行室内毒力测定、盆栽药效试验和田间药效试验筛选。结果表明,3.2%阿维菌素乳油、20%虫酰肼悬浮剂、5%啶虫脒乳油和16%虫肼·茚虫威乳油4种药剂对湛江地区甘薯小象甲防治效果较好,其中3.2%阿维菌素乳油和20%虫酰肼悬浮剂盆栽药效试验72 h防治效果分别为97.78%和91.59%;田间药效试验4天后防治效果分别达到了91.01%和92.26%,8天后依然能达到70.76%,67.84%。3.2%阿维菌素乳油和20%虫酰肼悬浮剂对甘薯小象甲成虫具有良好的防治效果、持效性,适合在湛江等热带地区作为田间防治甘薯小象甲成虫的主要药剂。 相似文献
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野燕麦群体对麦极抗药性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探讨中国野燕麦群体是否已对除草剂麦极产生抗药性,于2008-2010年连续3年在河南、安徽、江苏省的部分麦区进行野燕麦群体的采集,选用瑞士先正达公司生产的麦极15%可湿性粉剂,采用温室整株植物测定法检测野燕麦群体对麦极抗药性的发生情况。试验结果表明,在2008年的抗性检测中,河南、安徽、江苏3省的抗性植株比例分别为：6.94%、8%、11.22%;2009年的抗性检测结果是：7.14%、7.06%、12.37%;而2010年试验所得出的抗性植株所占各群体比例分别为：7.44%、7.62%、11.5%。结果表明野燕麦群体对麦极已产生不同程度低水平抗药性。其中,江苏采样群体的抗药性比率最高,不同年度群体均超过10%。虽然目前这些群体只产生低水平抗性,但是考虑到麦极是麦田主要除草剂之一,施用剂量和频率都较高,因此,在上述地区必须加强不同作用机制除草剂的科学轮换,避免野燕麦对麦极抗药性的进一步发展。 相似文献
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10%阿维·甲虫肼等6种药剂对水稻二化螟的防治效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
二化螟抗药性问题逐年加重,容易爆发成灾,有必要开展研究控制其危害蔓延。试验选用6种药剂对单季稻二化螟进行防治,在危害稳定期调查各个处理的防治效果,筛选高效药剂。结果表明:10%阿维·甲虫肼悬浮剂1.2 L/hm~2对二化螟防效最好,5%丁虫腈乳油1.5 L/hm~2、5%阿维·丁虫腈乳油0.75 L/hm~2、5%阿维菌素微乳剂0.75 L/hm~2、40%三唑磷乳油0.975 L/hm~2防效一般,25%甲维·茚虫威水分散粒剂150 g/hm~2防效最差。试验筛选出了10%阿维·甲虫肼,可临时替代氯虫苯甲酰胺,有效控制二化螟危害。 相似文献
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朱砂叶螨抗药性研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
1986～1987年测定了河南省12个产棉县、市棉田朱砂叶螨对当前主要杀螨剂的抗性水平和多种农药对抗性叶螨的毒力水平.结果显示,朱砂叶螨已对三氯杀螨醇和氧化乐果产生抗性,各棉区基本处于抗性上升阶段.其中对三氯杀螨醇的抗性相对倍数较高,LC_(50)和LC_(95)值分别是相对敏感品系的1.72～8.26和3.47～17.67倍.从抗性品系对23种农药的感受性看出,朱砂叶螨已形成对硫磷高抗品系,抗性倍数达466.8倍;对磷胺、久效磷等也表现较高的抗性,但对甲氰菊酯、PP321、克螨特等尚未产生明显抗性,三环锡、Nissorun、毒死蜱、来福灵等有较好的杀若螨作用,对卵的抑制作用以Nissorun为最强,其次为浏阳霉素和杀虫脒. 相似文献
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粘虫对杀虫剂敏感性的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文研究了粘虫对有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯和拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的敏感性.结果表明,在天津地区粘虫对10种杀虫剂没有发生抗药性,只是对少数杀虫剂的敏感性稍有降低. 相似文献
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[Objective] This study aims to explore the difference of imidacloprid resistance between Aphid gossypii and Aphid craccivora in intercropping field of cotton and peanut, and the mechanism of imidacloprid resistance to A. craccivora, so as to scientifically control these pests and to effectively avoid the rapid development of the resistance to imidacloprid. [Method] Two A. gossypii field populations and two A. craccivora field populations were collected from intercropping field of cotton and peanut in Juye and Linqing county of Shandong province, China. The bioassay experiment with two A. gossypii field populations, the bioassay and synergism experiment in two A. craccivora field populations were performed by the leaf dipping method. In addition, the activities of carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) were assayed in the susceptible strain and two field populations of A. craccivora. [Result] Two A. gossypii field populations from Linqing and Juye exhibited moderate levels of resistance to imidacloprid, with the resistance ratios of 43.2- and 54.6-fold, while two A. craccivora field populations from Linqing and Juye showed susceptible and low level of resistance to imidacloprid, with the resistance ratio of 3.7- and 8.3-fold, respectively. According to the synergistic experiments, PBO and DEM significantly synergized imidacloprid in A. gossypii field population of Juye with the synergistic ratio of 3.63- and 1.95-fold, respectively, and TPP had no effect on imidacloprid toxicity. In A. craccivora field population of Linqing, PBO significantly synergized imidacloprid with the synergistic ratio of 3.05-fold, and DEM and TPP had no effect on imidacloprid. Further enzyme activity tests revealed that the activities of P450 and GST in Juye A. craccivora population were significantly higher than susceptible strain, and the activity of CarE had no significant difference between Juye A. craccivora population and susceptible strain. However, the activity of P450 in Linqing A. craccivora population was higher than susceptible strain, and the activities of CarE and GST had no significant differences. [Conclusion] Sensitivity of the two aphids in intercropping field of cotton and peanut to imidacloprid were greatly different, and P450 and GST may play an important role in resistance of A. craccivora to imidacloprid. The results are valuable for reasonable use of pesticides to delay the development of pesticide resistance of two aphids. 相似文献
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Sugar beet root maggot (SBRM; Tetanops myopaeformis ) is a major insect pest of sugar beet throughout much of North America. Two insecticides with the same mode of action are used almost exclusively for SBRM control. Alternative control strategies would be required if insecticide-resistant SBRM developed or the insecticides were no longer available due to regulatory actions. Germplasm lines with SBRM resistance are available, but information on the SBRM resistance of hybrid cultivars created by crossing these lines with a SBRM-susceptible cms parental line is lacking. This study compared the performance of four hybrids with SBRM-resistant pollinators to two susceptible hybrids, with and without insecticide, in four environments. In all environments, the hybrids with the SBRM-resistant pollinators and no insecticide had root yields equal to the SBRM-susceptible commercial hybrid with insecticide. In two environments, the root yields of the SBRM-susceptible hybrids were low and the difference between the root yields with and without insecticide was relatively small, indicating the insecticide was ineffective. In contrast, the root yields of the SBRM-resistant hybrids, with or without insecticide, in these trials were substantially higher than the susceptible hybrids and similar to corresponding root yields at the other sites. Based upon these trials, it appears that hybrids produced with the currently available resistance sources would have sufficient SBRM resistance to prevent catastrophic yield reductions due to SBRM feeding, could reduce uncertainty caused by fluctuations in insecticide effectiveness, would provide protection against the development of insecticide-resistant SBRM strains, and also provide a useful level of SBRM protection, if the current insecticides were no longer available. 相似文献
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为加快‘周麦’品种赤霉病抗性改良,利用当地主栽‘周麦’品种（系）‘周麦22号’、‘周麦32号’、‘周11550’为母本,‘宁麦9号’、‘生选6号’、‘扬麦21号’等长江中下游地区抗赤霉病材料为父本配制一系列杂交组合,经过选择获得621份F3~F6后代材料。在田间选用来源于江苏和河南两地不同的赤霉病菌株,通过单花滴注法接种小穗进行赤霉病抗性鉴定,同时利用抗赤霉病主效基因Fhb1紧密连锁的诊断性标记His-InDel对后代材料进行分子检测。结果表明,江苏的赤霉病菌株接种后代材料田间鉴定为高抗和中抗的占总数的23.9%,而河南的赤霉病菌株感染后代材料田间鉴定为高抗和中抗占比为35.1%,说明后代材料的赤霉病抗性比感病亲本有明显的改良,而且材料对江苏的赤霉菌菌株的抗性比河南的赤霉菌菌株的抗性低。分子检测结果显示,携带Fhb1和不携带Fhb1的材料之间赤霉病抗性差异极显著。这表明利用Fhb1基因分子标记辅助选择技术可用于改良‘周麦’品种的赤霉病抗性。 相似文献