共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Atomic hydrogen has been stably encapsulated in both solution and crystal at room temperature. Upon gamma-ray irradiation of [(CH(3))(3)Si](8)Si(8)O(20), which is the trimethylsilylated derivative of the silicate anion with a double four-ring (D4R) cage, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra revealed that a single hydrogen atom is encapsulated in the center of the D4R cage and is stable for periods of many months. Attack by chemically reactive species such as oxygen was prevented by the D4R cage, but the ESR signal of the hydrogen atom was sensitive to the magnetic interaction caused by the presence of the O(2) molecule near the cage. 相似文献
2.
Water normally exists in hydrogen-bonded environments, but a single molecule of H(2)O without any hydrogen bonds can be completely isolated within the confined subnano space inside fullerene C(60). We isolated bulk quantities of such a molecule by first synthesizing an open-cage C(60) derivative whose opening can be enlarged in situ at 120°C that quantitatively encapsulated one water molecule under the high-pressure conditions. The relatively simple method was developed to close the cage and encapsulate water. The structure of H(2)O@C(60) was determined by single-crystal x-ray analysis, along with its physical and spectroscopic properties. 相似文献
3.
Miller SL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,165(3892):489-490
Measurements of the dissociation pressure of nitrogen hydrate and oxygen hydrate show that the clathrate hydrate of air with the formula (N(2), O(2)) 6H(2)O should exist below about 800 meters in the Antarctic ice sheet. This accounts for the disappearance of gas bubbles at depths greater than 1200 meters. The hydrate should exist from this depth to prise 0.06 percent of the ice. 相似文献
4.
Florusse LJ Peters CJ Schoonman J Hester KC Koh CA Dec SF Marsh KN Sloan ED 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5695):469-471
Thermodynamic, x-ray diffraction, and Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements show that clusters of H2 can be stabilized and stored at low pressures in a sII binary clathrate hydrate. Clusters of H2 molecules occupy small water cages, whereas large water cages are singly occupied by tetrahydrofuran. The presence of this second guest component stabilizes the clathrate at pressures of 5 megapascals at 279.6 kelvin, versus 300 megapascals at 280 kelvin for pure H2 hydrate. 相似文献
5.
The relative influence of thermal and quantum fluctuations on the proton transfer properties of the charged water complexes H5O2+ and H3O2- was investigated with the use of ab initio techniques. These small systems can be considered as prototypical representatives of strong and intermediate-strength hydrogen bonds. The shared proton in the strongly hydrogen bonded H5O2+ behaved in an essentially classical manner, whereas in the H3O2- low-barrier hydrogen bond, quantum zero-point motion played a crucial role even at room temperature. This behavior can be traced back to a small difference in the oxygen-oxygen separation and hence to the strength of the hydrogen bond. 相似文献
6.
Goldberg P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1963,142(3590):378-379
Reactive molecules and free radicals, when located in the cavities of the water clathrate lattice, can be prevented from recombining at temperatures almost up to the decomposition point of the lattice. The active species are produced by selective photochemical dissociation of the guest molecules in the clathrate compounds. Data taken from water clathrates of H(2)S, CH(3)SH, and C(2)H(5)SH suggest that S(2), CH(3)S and C(2)H(5)S can be preserved in this way. 相似文献
7.
Shaw HR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1963,139(3560):1220-1222
Experiments at 700 degrees C and 800 bars total pressure demonstrate positive deviations from ideality for mixtures of hydrogen and H(2)O gases. The deviations are greater than predicted with Stockmayer's method. The composition of the mixture and the fugacity of hydrogen are controlled by diffusing hydrogen through metallic membranes. The results give the fugacities of both H(2)O and oxygen. 相似文献
8.
利用双氧水(H_2O_2)对水稻秸秆中的氮、硫进行脱除,重点考察了H_2O_2用量以及温度对脱除效果的影响。结果表明,H2O2用于脱除水稻秸秆中的氮、硫效果良好,同时对秸秆的主体结构影响较小,其脱除氮、硫的最佳条件为H_2O_2体积分数3.0%、温度50℃。 相似文献
9.
实验制作了丝网印刷酶电极,采用不同的方法对电极进行修饰,比较了壳聚糖酶电板和壳聚糖胶体金修饰酶电极对过氧化氢的响应。结果表明,在磷酸盐缓冲液（0．1mol·L^-1,pH7．2,PB）中,酶电板的二茂铁氧化峰消失,而还原峰电流高,峰形较好,在检测过程中,电极性能稳定,重复性好。当过氧化氢浓度范围在0.08-40mg·L^-1时,壳黎糖胶体金修饰酶电板对过氧化氢响应电流具有较好的线性关系,面归方程为Y=0．94066logC-1．48549（C为过氧化氢浓度）,检测下限为80μg·L^-1,检测精度高,反应灵敏,而且抗干扰能力较强,适合用于食品中过氧化氢的快速检测。 相似文献
10.
通过表征受碱性过氧化氢降解的木质素磺酸盐,探索高效低耗的木质素降解条件。木质素磺酸盐与含有H2O2的0.5、1.0、2.0 mol/L的NaOH溶液分别在90、170℃下反应2 h。结果表明:碱性过氧化氢处理后木质素磺酸盐的Mw(重均相对分子质量)和Mn(数均相对分子质量)降低,而在170℃,1 mol/L NaOH溶液条件下获得最大程度的降解。木质素磺酸盐的相对分子质量在降解后分布相对集中,这表明木质素磺酸盐可直接用于开发木质素基材料而无需进一步分离。用碱性过氧化氢降解后,甲氧基摩尔分数降低。在170℃、2 mol/L NaOH溶液条件下4步加入过氧化氢,降解得到的木质素甲氧基摩尔分数下降57.4%。碱性硝基苯氧化的结果也表明在170℃下用2 mol/L NaOH溶液和4步添加H2O2处理后会得到最低的香草醛和香草酸产率,表明该条件下非浓缩的木质素结构被有效破坏。FTIR结果显示木质素的芳香结构消失。木质素磺酸盐利用碱性过氧化物降解,最佳条件是在2 mol/L NaOH溶液和170℃条件下,分4步添加H2O2。 相似文献
11.
12.
管角螺幼螺网笼吊养技术初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别采用不同网笼养殖密度和海区网笼吊养的方法,对管角螺进行养殖试验,结果表明：经过60d的不同养殖密度养殖,各密度组幼螺壳高、体质量的生长均呈指数生长,除10个·笼-1密度组生长离散（SV）增加外,其他4个密度组（20,30,40,50个·笼-1）生长离散（SV）均降低;不同密度组间生长表现差异显著,20,30个·笼-1密度组的生长速度最快;生长率、特定生长率和日增质量都随密度的增大而降低,特定生长率与养殖密度存在着显著的3次项回归关系（SGR=0．8573＋0．1532D-0．0051D2＋0．00005D3,R2=0．9991）。海区网笼吊养结果表明：选取养殖密度为30个·笼-1,经过100d的海区吊养,管角螺壳高增加了34．7％,体质量增加了157．4％,壳高平均日增长0．18mm,体质量平均日增长0．173g,成活率为98％;网笼吊养模式适合管角螺养殖。 相似文献
13.
为探讨1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对梨果实采后成熟衰老过程中过氧化氢(H2O2)代谢的作用,试验以‘绿宝石’梨为材料,用1.0 μL/L 1-MCP密封处理24 h,空气密封为对照,研究1-MCP对‘绿宝石’梨室温(25±2)℃贮藏过程中果实硬度、可溶性同形物含量(SSC)、呼吸速率、H2O2含量、抗氧化酶活性[超氧化... 相似文献
14.
运用密度泛函理论方法,在B3LYP/6-311++G**水平上对4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑阳离子(AT)和2,4,6-三硝基苯酚阴离子(PA)形成的氢键二聚体进行理论计算研究.计算得到4种稳定结构的氢键复合物及最稳定异构体D1的振动频率、电子吸收光谱与热力学性质.结果表明,氢键复合物中存在较强的N—H…O与C—H…O红移氢键.经过基组重叠误差和零点振动能校正后,D1的氢键相互作用能为-30.71kJ/mol.热力学计算显示,在298.15K和标准状态下,D1气态氢键复合物分子的形成过程是放热、熵减小的非自发过程,但在低温下能自发进行.D1分子的标准摩尔生成焓和标准摩尔生成自由能分别为98.7,474.4kJ/mol. 相似文献
15.
Vibrational studies that selectively probe molecular structure at CCl4/H2O and hydrocarbon/H2O interfaces show that the hydrogen bonding between adjacent water molecules at these interfaces is weak, in contrast to generally accepted models of water next to fluid hydrophobic surfaces that suggest strong hydrogen bonding. However, interactions between these water molecules and the organic phase result in substantial orientation of these weakly hydrogen-bonded water molecules in the interfacial region. The results have important implications for understanding water adjacent to hydrophobic surfaces and the penetration of water into hydrophobic phases. 相似文献
16.
不同浓度外源过氧化氢对小菊扦插生根的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以小菊"东莞红"为试验材料,用0、50、100、200、500和1000μmol·L-1不同浓度外源H2O2对小菊插穗处理,观测插穗生根的发生和生长,测定叶片过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化物酶(PPO)活性的变化。结果表明:外源过氧化氢处理对小菊插穗生根有明显的浓度效应,适宜浓度的外源过氧化氢能促进小菊插穗生根以及根的生长,过氧化氢浓度在50-500μmol·L-1的处理能促进插穗生根和根的生长,降低叶片POD活性,提高PPO活性,其中200μmol·L-1为最适宜浓度。 相似文献
17.
AF Goncharov VV Struzhkin MS Somayazulu RJ Hemley HK Mao 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5272):218-220
Protonated and deuterated ices (H2O and D2O) compressed to a maximum pressure of 210 gigapascals at 85 to 300 kelvin exhibit a phase transition at 60 gigapascals in H2O ice (70 gigapascals in D2O ice) on the basis of their infrared reflectance spectra determined with synchrotron radiation. The transition is characterized by soft-mode behavior of the nu3 O-H or O-D stretch below the transition, followed by a hardening (positive pressure shift) above it. This behavior is interpreted as the transformation of ice phase VII to a structure with symmetric hydrogen bonds. The spectroscopic features of the phase persisted to the maximum pressures (210 gigapascals) of the measurements, although changes in vibrational mode coupling were observed at 150 to 160 gigapascals. 相似文献
18.
为了减轻冷敏型果实黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)冷藏中的冷害问题,用0.001,0.010,0.100mmol·L-1过氧化氢(H2O2)溶液和冷激、热激对黄瓜果实处理后,在2℃冷藏中观测了果实的冷害发生情况、色度变化、H2O2和丙二醛(MDA)含量。0.010mmol·L-1H2O2处理与对照蒸馏水处理比较,冷害发生率和冷害指数低,色度值变化小,H2O2和MDA含量低;0.010mmol·L-1H2O2处理后减轻冷害效果好于冷激处理,与热激处理接近。表明冷藏前用外源H2O2处理可以提高黄瓜果实冷藏中的抗冷性,减轻冷害。 相似文献
19.
为探究松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)响应H_2O_2胁迫的分子机制,利用荧光定量PCR测定松材线虫过氧化物还原酶基因BxPrx在不同浓度(2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0mmol/L)H_2O_2胁迫下的转录水平;利用RNA干扰技术,沉默松材线虫BxPrx基因,比较H_2O_2胁迫下BxPrx基因沉默组与非基因沉默组松材线虫存活率的差异。结果显示:松材线虫的存活率与H_2O_2胁迫浓度呈负相关;松材线虫BxPrx在H_2O_2胁迫下的转录水平均提高;在5.0、7.5、10.0 mmol/L H_2O_2胁迫下,经过BxPrx基因沉默处理的松材线虫存活率显著低于对照组。 相似文献
20.
【目的】探讨互作体系中病原菌来源过氧化氢的作用。【方法】采用组织化学法通过透射电子显微镜技术观察水稻与油菜黄单胞菌菜豆致病变种互作体系中的过氧化氢积累的定位。【结果】突变体菌株细胞中烷基过氧化物还原酶亚基C的缺失导致胞内其余过氧化氢清除酶活性的补偿性显著上升,使胞内内源过氧化氢积累水平显著下降,并引起病原菌与水稻互作体系中的过氧化氢积累水平发生显著变化。【结论】病原细菌很可能是互作体系中过氧化氢的一个重要来源。病原细菌产生的过氧化氢很可能在非寄主互作中造成细菌周围植物细胞的损伤,对植物细胞具有潜在的毒性。 相似文献