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1.
Alterations in the haemostatic system were characterized in cats with different naturally occurring liver diseases. The study looked at 44 healthy cats and 45 cats with different liver diseases confirmed histologically or cytologically (neoplasia, n=9; inflammation, n=12; hepatic lipidosis, n=13; other degenerative liver diseases, n=11). The following parameters were evaluated: platelet count; prothrombin time; activated partial thromboplastin time; thrombin time; factor (F) II, FV, FVII, FX, and FXIII activities; fibrinogen concentration; activities of antithrombin, protein C, plasminogen, and α(2)-plasmin inhibitor, and D-dimer concentration. In cats with liver diseases, 44/45 (98%) had one or more abnormalities of the coagulation parameters measured. In cats with inflammatory liver diseases, increased D-dimer concentrations and decreased FXIII activity were the most consistent abnormalities and were found in 83% and 75% of cats, respectively. The most common abnormality in cats with neoplastic liver disease was FXIII deficiency (78%). The most consistent abnormalities in cats with hepatic lipidosis were increased FV activity and D-dimer concentration with 54% of cats having values above the reference range for both parameters. Cats with miscellaneous degenerative liver disease most frequently showed FXIII deficiency (64%). The results of this study show that alterations of single haemostatic components are a frequent finding in cats with liver disease. Activation of haemostasis with subsequent consumptive coagulopathy (rather than decreased synthesis) seems to be responsible for these alterations. Increased blood levels of different haemostatic components in cats with inflammatory lesions may be related to an acute phase reaction.  相似文献   

2.
Cats with hyperthyroidism [(increased serum thyroxine (T(4))] commonly have increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in addition to other serum biochemical abnormalities. Serum biochemical profiles were obtained from 10 hyperthyroid cats which had increased serum ALP. Agarose gel electrophoresis of serum from these cats was performed and stained for alkaline phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity was calculated for each of the separate bands obtained, and the results were compared to those of tissue extracts, serum from normal cats, and serum from normothyroid cats with increased serum ALP activity. The hyperthyroid cats had increased ALP activity in bands corresponding to isoenzymes originating in the liver, bone, and an unidentified tissue source.  相似文献   

3.
The activities of serum alkaline phosphatase (serum ALP), leucine aminopeptidase (serum LAP), and alanine aminotransferase (serum ALT) were determined in 15 cats before and after treatment by 3 methods: common bile duct occlusion, left hepatic duct(s) occlusion, and carbon tetrachloride administration. Significant increases in serum ALP, LAP, and ALT activities occurred in all cats in the 3 groups. Sustained mean increases of ninefold in ALP and 13-fold in LAP occurred in the cats with common bile duct occlusion. Lesser mean increases of these enzymes (fourfold) occurred in the cats with partial biliary occlusion. Transient mean increases (100-fold) in ALT occurred in the carbon tetrachloride-treated cats. Urine ALP excretion was measured in 3 cats with common bile duct occlusion. There was no significant difference between rates of urine ALP excretion before and after common bile duct occlusion. Specific ALP activities of hepatic extracts from normal cats and biliary-obstructed cats were compared. Mean specific activity was onefold higher in liver from cats with common bile duct occlusion of 21 days' duration. The findings in the present studies were interpreted to indicate that serum ALP and LAP are useful to detect biliary occlusive disease in cats and, in conjunction with serum ALT, may be used to differentiate primary hepatodegenerative disease and biliary occlusive disease.  相似文献   

4.
Hemostasis profiles from 101 cats presented for medical or surgical evaluation to The Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 1986 through 1991 were reviewed retrospectively; 69% were abnormal. Commonly identified abnormalities included a mixed hemostatic defect compatible with disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia, isolated prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and prolongation of both the APTT and one-stage prothrombin time. The most common disorders associated with abnormal hemostasis profiles in this study were liver disease, neoplasia, and feline infectious peritonitis.  相似文献   

5.
The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of cats with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), including associated diseases and hemostatic abnormalities, and to identify risk factors for death and treatments that potentially altered outcome. Medical records for cats with DIC from 1990-2004 were evaluated retrospectively. Inclusion criteria were the presence of an underlying disorder associated with DIC and either postmortem examination findings of intravascular fibrin deposition or thrombosis, or both of 2 or more organs or coagulation profiles that meet 3 of 5 criteria: prolonged prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), presence of fibrin degradation products (FDP), low plasma fibrinogen (FIB) concentration, and thrombocytopenia (<160,000 platelets/microL). Signalment, historical data, clinical findings, clinicopathologic data, underlying disorders, management, and outcome were recorded. Forty-six cats fulfilled the criteria for DIC. Cats ranged in age from 7 weeks to 17 years (median, 9 years). Hemorrhage was noted in 7 of 46 cats (15%). Three of 46 cats (7%) survived, whereas 43 of 46 (93%) died or were euthanized. The most common underlying disorders were lymphoma, other forms of neoplasia, pancreatitis, and sepsis. There was no association detected between outcome and signalment; underlying disease; hemorrhage; abnormalities in aPTT, FIB, FDPs, platelet count; transfusion of blood products; and heparin therapy. However, the median PT of nonsurvivors was more prolonged than in survivors (P < .005). DIC in cats can result from a variety of neoplastic, infectious, and inflammatory disorders, and is associated with a high case fatality rate.  相似文献   

6.
Activities of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined in healthy cats and in cats before and after treatment: common bile duct ligation, carbon tetrachloride administration, sham surgery, or anesthesia only. Significant (P less than 0.01) increases in serum GGT, ALP, and ALT occurred in cats with ligated bile ducts. Significant (P less than 0.01) increases in serum ALT occurred in carbon tetrachloride-treated cats. Increases of serum GGT, ALP, or ALT were not observed in cats subjected to sham surgery or anesthesia only compared with these cats' baseline values and values in healthy cats. Tissue GGT activity was measured in liver, renal cortex, jejunal mucosa, and bile ducts. There was a 1.5-fold increase in GGT activity in livers of cats with ligated bile ducts, compared with that in livers of healthy cats.  相似文献   

7.
This study was designed to investigate alterations in coagulation, and in biochemical and haematological parameters in cattle with traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP). In the study, 28 dairy cattle with TRP and 10 clinically healthy cattle (control) of different ages and breeds were used. Cattle with TRP had prolonged prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Erythrocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and hyperfibrinogenaemia were detected in animals with TRP. Furthermore, the serum concentrations of total protein, globulin and total bilirubin, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were also high in cattle with TRP compared to those of the control group. The serum concentrations of calcium were significantly low in the TRP group. The results of this study, therefore, indicate that TRP causes significant coagulation abnormalities and biochemical and haematological alterations in dairy cattle.  相似文献   

8.
The aim of this study was to acquire the single factor sensitivity of three commercial variants of the prothrombin time test (PT(Va1)-Thrombotest, PT(Va2)-Normotest, PT(Va3)-Hepato Quick) for canine plasma. For this purpose, 38 samples from animals with coumarin intoxication followed by vitamin K(1) treatment who had a reduced activity of the coagulation factors II, VII, and/or X (experiment 1) as well as 25 plasma samples from animals with moderately reduced activity of the coagulation factors II, V, VII, and/or X caused by a hepatogenic synthesis disorder or disseminated intravascular coagulation (experiment 2), were examined. Measurements for all tests were performed according to the instructions of the manufacturer and also with higher plasma dilution. Furthermore, control measurements were performed with the conventional prothrombin time test (standard test; PT(ST)). The prothrombin time measured with the PT(Va3), which was prolonged in all samples from experiments 1 and 2, especially reflected with high sensitivity the reduced activity of the coagulation factors. The measurements with PT(Va2) and PT(Va1) showed only an insignificantly lower sensitivity (> or =0.88) with a maximum of 1 (experiment 1) and 3 (experiment 2) false negative test results, respectively. Compared to the already high sensitivity, a higher dilution of the sample material did not lead to a significantly higher sensitivity (P>0.05) for any of the tested commercial variants of the prothrombin time assay. While there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the number of false negative test results in the variants of the prothrombin time assay, in both experiments a significantly higher number of false negative test results was found for the PT(ST) (P<0.001). The results show that, in contrast to the PT(ST), all three tested commercial prothrombin time variants are suitable for the detection of deficiencies of coagulation factors II, VII, and X in canine plasma.  相似文献   

9.
Clinical relevance of monocyte procoagulant activity in horses with colic   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Endotoxin-activated monocytes express a thromboplastin-like procoagulant activity on the cell surface that may serve as a focal point for formation of microvascular thrombi. Because coagulopathy is a common sequela to endotoxemia in the equine species, we investigated the ability of monocytes, isolated from horses with colic, to express procoagulant activity. On the day of admission, and on the third and fifth day of hospitalization, monocytes were isolated from 30 adult horses with colic. A coagulation profile, including prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and plasma fibrinogen and serum fibrin degradation products concentrations, was determined at each sample collection. The concentration of endotoxin in the plasma was quantitated at the time of admission. Ten clinically normal adult horses served as controls. The procoagulant activity of monocytes isolated from horses with colic was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than that of the monocytes isolated from clinically normal horses. On the first and third day of hospitalization, the mean prothrombin time was significantly (P less than 0.05) longer in horses with colic, compared with clinically normal horses, and was the most common abnormality in the coagulation profile on the day of admission (25/30; 83%). Mean fibrin degradation products concentration was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in horses with colic on the day of admission and was the second most common abnormality in the coagulation profile on day 1 (23/30; 77%). In horses with colic, the mean prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times were significantly (P less than 0.05) longer in horses that did not survive, compared with horses that survived.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

10.
BACKGROUND: Serious postoperative hemorrhage has been reported in dogs after closure of congenital portosystemic shunts (CPS). HYPOTHESIS: In dogs with portosystemic shunting, low coagulation factor activity is responsible for coagulopathy, which can cause complications after surgery. ANIMALS: Thirty-four dogs with CPS and 39 healthy dogs. METHODS: In a prospective study, coagulation times, platelet count, and the activity of 8 coagulation factors were measured in dogs before and after surgical shunt attenuation and in 31 healthy dogs. The effect of abdominal surgery on hemostasis was determined at ovariectomy in 8 healthy dogs. RESULTS: Dogs with CPS had lower platelet counts, lower activity of factors II, V, VII, and X, and increased factor VIII and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) compared to healthy dogs. After surgical attenuation, dogs with CPS had decreased platelet counts and activity of factors I, II, V, VII, IX, X, and XI and a prolonged prothrombin time (PT). Ovariectomy resulted in decreased activity of factors VII and X. Six weeks after surgery, portosystemic shunting persisted in 9 of 30 dogs, with no improvement of hemostatic values. CPS dogs without shunting had improved coagulation times and increased activity of factors II, V, VII, and X. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Dogs with CPS have lower activity of clotting factors compared to healthy dogs, resulting in a prolonged APTT. Surgical attenuation of the shunt results in increased abnormalities in coagulation times and factors immediately after surgery. Hemostasis is normalized after complete recovery of shunting after attenuation, in contrast to dogs with persistent shunting.  相似文献   

11.
The diagnostic value of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the detection of liver disease in the cat (n = 69) was compared. On the basis of histologic examination of the liver, cats were assigned to 8 groups: group 1--complete extrahepatic bile duct obstruction (n = 5), group 2--cholangiohepatitis-cholangitis syndrome (n = 11), group 3--hepatic lipidosis (n = 15), group 4--neoplasia, including lymphosarcoma and myeloproliferative disease (n = 9), group 5--hepatic necrosis (n = 7), group 6--cirrhosis (n = 3), group 7--portosystemic vascular anomaly (n = 4), and group 8--miscellaneous (n = 15). Cats assigned to group 8 lacked substantial histologic abnormalities of the liver. The mean value +/- SD of GGT in 20 clinically normal cats was 0.44 +/- 0.26 IU/L. The highest GGT activity in clinical patients developed in groups 1, 2, and 6. The highest ALP activity developed in groups 1 to 4. Significant correlations between GGT and ALP activities were detected only in groups 2 (P less than 0.001) and 5 (P less than 0.10). Among 54 cats with hepatic disease, only 11% had both the GGT and ALP activities within the normal ranges. Comparatively, 52% had ALP activities within the normal range, and 17% had GGT activities within the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

12.
Iron overload has been well recognized to cause oxidant-mediated cellular/tissue injury; however, little is known about the effects of iron overload on the blood coagulation system. We encountered an unexpected bleeding tendency in rats fed a high-iron diet in a set of studies using iron-modified diets. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of hemorrhagic diathesis induced by dietary iron overload in rats. Six-week-old F344/DuCrlCrlj male rats were fed a standard (containing 0.02% iron) or a high-iron diet (containing 1% iron) for 6 weeks and were then sampled for hematological, blood biochemical, coagulation, and pathological examinations. Serum and liver iron levels increased in rats fed the high-iron diet (Fe group) and serum transferrin was almost saturated with iron. However, serum transaminase levels did not increase. Moreover, plasma prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were significantly prolonged, regardless of the presence of hemorrhage. The activity of clotting factors II and VII (vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors) decreased significantly, whereas that of factor VIII was unaltered. Blood platelet levels were not influenced by dietary iron overload, suggesting that the bleeding tendency in iron-overloaded rats is caused by secondary hemostasis impairment. In addition, hemorrhage was observed in multiple organs in rats fed diets containing more than 0.8% iron. Our results suggest that iron overload can increase the susceptibility of coagulation abnormalities caused by latent vitamin K insufficiency.  相似文献   

13.
Determination of prothrombin in feline plasma   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Determination of the major common pathway protein prothrombin, a vitamin K-dependent protein synthesized in the liver, may be useful for identifying coagulopathies in cats with liver disease or vitamin K antagonism. In people with liver disease, prothrombin is more commonly and more severely decreased than other procoagulant proteins. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a commercial chromogenic assay(DiaPharma Group, West Chester, Ohio, USA) for the determination of prothrombin activity in plasma from healthy cats. The method involves the cleavage of prothrombin by Ecarin, a nonphysiologic enzyme activator that cleaves prothrombin to meizothrombin, which then interacts with a chromogenic substrate. Citrated (n = 20) and EDTA (n = 37) plasma samples from clinically healthy cats were tested using 100-fold and on occasion 200-fold dilutions. The assay was run according to manufacturer's specifications and the relative percentage prothrombin activity was calculated using standard curves generated from a feline citrated plasma pool and human reference plasma. Slope and regression values (r =.998) were similar for feline and human samples, suggesting that Ecarin cleaves prothrombin in both feline and human plasma in an analogous manner. The correlation between results obtained using feline vs human reference plasma was high for both citrated (r =.910) and EDTA samples (r =.998). When prothrombin was determined using human reference plasma, results from citrated feline plasma samples were 75.7% +/- 9.0% of normal compared to 91.6% +/- 7.0% of normal when the feline standard curve was used. Similar results were obtained using EDTA plasma. Our results indicate that the prothrombin chromogenic assay may be useful for evaluating one component of the hemostatic pathway in feline plasma. The prothrombin chromogenic assay utilizes routine instrumentation, requires small sample volume (5 microliter/assay), and may be used on EDTA plasma. To optimize sensitivity, the assay should be run using a standard curve generated with a feline plasma pool.  相似文献   

14.
Susan M.  Newell  DVM  MS  John P.  Graham  MVB  MSc  Gregory D.  Roberts  DVM  MS  Pamela E.  Ginn  DVM  Ellis C.  Greiner  PhD  Amy  Cardwell  CVT  Danielle  Mauragis  CVT  Christine  Knutsen  DVM  Jay M.  Harrison  MS  Frank G.  Martin  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(1):70-76
Quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy using 99mTc-mebrofenin was performed on eight normal cats and on the same cats after induction of experimental cholangiohepatitis by infection with the liver fluke Platynosomum concinnum. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed 3 times at 10 weeks, 4 months and 6 months after infection. In addition, routine biochemical tests, hepatic ultrasound and ultrasound guided hepatic biopsy samples were obtained at the same time points, and the results compared with hepatobiliary scintigraphy. The normal hepatic extraction fraction was determined to be 85%, and the normal hepatic excretion half time (T 1/2) was 14 minutes. There was no significant change in scintigraphic parameters compared to pre-infection values at any time following infection with the liver fluke. No correlation between scintigraphic parameters and histologic scores was found; however, significant correlation was identified between parasite burden and histologic scores 6 months following infection. Despite the presence of severe multifocal histologic abnormalities, minimal clinical, biochemical and scintigraphic derangements were identified using this model of cholangiohepatitis. Based on this study, hepatobiliary scintigraphy appears to be an insensitive test for structural hepatobiliary abnormalities. The role of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in functional hepatobiliary abnormalities of the feline liver has not been determined.  相似文献   

15.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation was induced in kittens by intraperitoneal inoculation of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Kittens seronegative to FIPV survived significantly (P less than 0.05) longer than those seropositive to FIPV. Pyrexia, anemia, icterus, hyperbilirubinemia, and elevated concentrations of liver-specific enzymes were detected in the inoculated cats. Lesions induced included disseminated fibrinonecrotic and pyogranulomatous inflammation, hepatic necrosis, and widespread phlebitis and thrombosis. Localization of FIP viral antigen and immunoglobulin G was demonstrated in foci of heptic necrosis by immunofluorescence miroscopy. Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and increased quantities of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products were present in cats after the onset of clinical illness. Depression of factor VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII plasma activities and prolongation of prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times also developed in infected cats. The accelerated onset of clinical disease and mortality in seropositive kittens vs seronegative kittens and the association of virus and antibody in multiple foci of hepatic necrosis suggest an immune-mediated component is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease.  相似文献   

16.
Hemostatic Abnormalities in Dogs With Hemangiosarcoma   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
The hemostasis profiles of 24 dogs with histologically confirmed hemangiosarcoma were prospectively evaluated. Microangiopathic hemolysis was defined as the presence of schistocytes; disseminated intravascular coagulation was defined as 1) thrombocytopenia, 2) fibrin(ogen) degradation products greater than 10 micrograms/mL, 3) prolongation of one or more coagulation times (activated partial thromboplastin time or one-stage prothrombin time) by greater than 25% of the control, 4) fragmented red blood cells (greater than or equal to 1+ based on a semiquantitative grading scale), and 5) fibrinogen less than or equal to 80 mg/dL. Three of the five criteria listed above had to be met for disseminated intravascular coagulation to be diagnosed. Fifty percent of the dogs were considered to have disseminated intravascular coagulation at presentation. Thrombocytopenia was present in 75% of the dogs and was the most common abnormality. The mean platelet count was 137,800/microL. Twenty-five percent of the dogs died as a result of the hemostatic abnormalities. Only 12% of the dogs had microangiopathic hemolysis without other evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hemostatic abnormalities are present in many dogs with hemangiosarcoma at the initial clinical presentation and represent an important clinical finding.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of modifying commercial reagents for the laboratory evaluation of several haemostatic parameters in normal, non-pregnant mares. The routine coagulation screening assays, namely, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and the one-stage prothrombin time (PT), and the specific coagulation assays for the determination of the biological activity of Factors VII, VIII:C and IX, are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
The clinical utility of the Thrombotest, a method for determining the prothrombin time that is uniquely sensitive to the presence of proteins invoked by vitamin K absence (PIVKA), was prospectively evaluated and compared to routine coagulation tests in cats with clinically suspected bleeding tendencies. Abnormal PIVKA clotting values were determined by comparison to results of a concurrently evaluated pooled feline plasma sample and by use of an absolute cutoff value of 25.2 seconds. To be recognized as abnormal, PIVKA clotting values had to be >20% of the pooled feline plasma PIVKA clotting time (the "20% rule") or > or =25.2 seconds (mean + 2 standard deviations of 150 different pooled feline plasma samples). Among the disorders in the population examined were 74 cats with liver disease and 19 cats with severe inflammatory bowel disease. Overall, a prolonged PIVKA clotting time based on the 25.2-second cutoff was found in 39.3% of cats, and based on the 20% rule in 40.7% of cats. An abnormal prothrombin time (PT) developed in 5.8% of cats, an abnormal APTT in 14% of cats, subnormal fibrinogen in 8.8% of cats, and thrombocytopenia in 3.3% of cats. Bleeding tendencies were confirmed in 22 cats, of which abnormal PIVKA clotting times were recognized in 95.5%, abnormal PT in 21%, abnormal activated partial thromboplastin time in 25%, hypofibrinogenemia in 16.7%, and thrombocytopenia in 4.5%. Response to treatment with vitamin K was demonstrated in 21 of 24 cats with an abnormal PIVKA clotting time. In these cats, an abnormal PIVKA clotting time normalized within 3 to 5 days of parenteral vitamin K administration. Cats responding to vitamin K administration had hepatic lipidosis (n = 7), severe inflammatory bowel disease (n = 4), severe inflammatory bowel disease associated with cholangiohepatitis (n = 5), and miscellaneous disorders (n = 5). Using either endpoint, the PIVKA clotting time is more sensitive for the detection of cats with coagulopathies than routinely used coagulation assessments in our hospital. Our findings confirm that cats with hepatic lipidosis, severe cholangiohepatitis, and severe inflammatory bowel disease develop coagulopathies responsive to vitamin K administration.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, radiographic findings, histologic abnormalities, and predisposing factors or diseases in cats with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 29 cats in which PTE was confirmed at necropsy. PROCEDURE: Information on signalment, body weight, history, results of physical examination, results of CBC and serum biochemical analyses, whether PTE was suspected prior to death, type of indwelling venous catheter and duration of venous catheterization, results of thoracic radiography, and whether cats had any concurrent diseases was obtained from medical records. RESULTS: PTE was identified in cats of various ages (median, 8.7 years), weights (median, 4.1 kg [9 lb]), and breeds. The most common owner-reported problems included lethargy (17 cats), anorexia (14), weight loss (10), and difficulty breathing (8); physical abnormalities included lethargy (21), tachypnea or dyspnea (16), and dehydration (13). Clinicopathologic abnormalities reflected concurrent or underlying diseases. Common radiographic abnormalities included pulmonary vessel abnormalities (11), pleural effusion (8), and peripheral noncircumscribed consolidations (6). Underlying or predisposing conditions, including cardiac disease (12), neoplasia (10), corticosteroid administration (8), disseminated intravascular coagulation (5), protein-losing nephropathy (4) or enteropathy (4), immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (2), and sepsis (2) were identified in all cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that PTE can develop in cats of any age, sex, or breed. Because PTE is a serious, potentially life-threatening disease, it should be suspected in cats with thoracic radiographic changes suggestive of uneven distribution of blood flow between lung lobes, especially in cats that have predisposing factors or diseases.  相似文献   

20.
Medical records of 11 cats with lymphoma involving large granular lymphocytes were reviewed. All 9 cats tested were FeLV-negative. Ten cats had a history of anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, or diarrhea, and had lymphoma involving abdominal viscera. The most common site of tumor in these cats was the jejunum. One cat had cutaneous masses caused by dermal and epidermal infiltration with neoplastic large granular lymphocytes. The most common hematologic abnormality was leukocytosis, characterized by neutrophilia with a left shift (7 cats); 2 cats had a left shift without neutrophilia. None of the cats had lymphocytosis, but immature large granular lymphocytes were found in the blood of 4 cats. The most common serum biochemical abnormalities were hypoalbuminemia (10 cats), hypocalcemia (10 cats), hypoproteinemia (9 cats), high aspartate transaminase activity (9 cats), and hyperbilirubinemia (8 cats). Large granular lymphocytes were characterized by abundant cytoplasm containing distinct azurophilic granules that varied in size and number. The most common cytochemical staining pattern included detection of alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase activities. On examination of histologic sections, granules stained weakly eosinophilic with Giemsa and moderately with periodic acid-Schiff reaction. Ultrastructurally, the granules appeared membrane bound and contained an electron-dense matrix in 4 cats.  相似文献   

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