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1.
Data are given on the use of the zeolite clinoptilolite when growing potatoes in a short-cycle crop rotation. A positive effect of zeolite in a dose of 2.5 and 5 t/ha locally against the background of N90P90K90 or 10 t/ha with uniform application against a background of N90P90K90 and N120P90K90 to the first crop (potatoes) is established. The use of zeolite allows reducing the basic fertilizer dose by 25% and growing annual grasses without fertilizers in the second and third years after its application.  相似文献   

2.
This paper presents the research results of three short-term experiments carried out in 2010–2017 on the impact of green manures and mineral and bacterial fertilizers on potato productivity. The purpose of the study was to increase the productivity and quality of potato tubers while reducing the anthropogenic load on the agrocenosis through the integrated use of binary green manures and lower doses of mineral fertilizers in combination with microbiological preparations. In a stationary field experiment (2010–2012) on leached chernozem, the maximum potato productivity (32.2–35.5 t/ha) was obtained using mineral fertilizers N45–90P60–120K60–120 in the crop rotation link oil radish + vetch–potato, while the efficiency of the treatment of tubers with the bacterial preparations Azotovit + Fosfatovit was 9.2–15.0%. In experiments on sod-podzolic soil, the yield increase from the microbiological preparation Agrinos for the potato cultivar Udacha in 2015 amounted to 12.4% along with higher content of starch and vitamin C in production. In the relatively moist 2016 and 2017, the yield increase in the midearly maturing cultivar Gala reached 8.5 t/ha or 24.5% to the mineral background level (N90P90K90). In the variant with a 30% reduced NPK dose and the use of Agrinos (N60P60K60 + Agrinos A + B (5 + 2.5 L/ha), the yield was 5.8 t/ha or 16.7% higher than with the full dose of NPK, and high starchiness and vitamin C content, excellent culinary qualities, and low levels of nitrates were also observed.  相似文献   

3.
为探究不同施氮量下春玉米季土壤矿质态氮淋失特征及产量变化,以春玉米为研究对象,设置不同施氮量(0、90、180、270、360 kg·hm-2,分别用N0、N90、N180、N270、N360表示),采用地下淋溶原位监测的方法,测定了玉米生育期间的土壤氮素淋失动态、玉米产量及氮肥利用率.结果 表明:硝态氮(NO-3-N)是春玉米季旱地土壤矿质态氮淋失的主要形态,占总淋失量的90％～91％;施用基肥和苗期追肥后1～3周出现氮素淋失高峰,是防控氮素淋失的关键时期;随施氮量增加,矿质态氮淋失量呈指数上升趋势,表现为N360(70.46 kg·hm-2)>N270(39.65 kg·hm-2)>N180(26.33 kg·hm-2)>N90(18.55 kg·hm-2)>N0(6.54 kg·hm-2),各处理间差异达显著水平(P<0.05).氮肥表观淋失率随施氮量增加呈先降后升趋势,在N180处理下,淋失率最低,为10.99％,较N270、N360处理分别降低1.27、6.76个百分点;玉米籽粒产量先随施氮量增加而显著提高(P<0.05),施氮超过180 kg·hm-2后进入平台期,N180处理下氮肥表观利用率达到最高,较其他处理增加14.50～27.75个百分点.总体来看,该研究区域春玉米的最佳施氮量为180 kg·hm-2,既能稳产也能保肥,同时土壤的氮素淋失率最低.  相似文献   

4.
The optimal development of the leaf area of millet and buckwheat plants is determined in field experiments with the local application of fertilizers in various doses and combinations on chernozem soils in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. The maximum millet leaf area of 37400 m2/ha is noted in the heading stage with the application of N90P90 and that of buckwheat 36200 m2/ha in the flowering stage with the application of P60.  相似文献   

5.
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6.
The high response of corn hybrids Mashuk 360 MV and Mashuk 480 SV to the application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N120P90K90 is shown. An increase of payback per kilogram NPK by grain and economic and bioenergetic efficiency of fertilizers is noted.  相似文献   

7.
为确定氰氨化钙对土壤微生物学性质的影响和合理用量,采用随机区组试验方法进行田间原位试验,研究不同氰氨化钙施用量对退化雷竹Phyllostachys violascens林土壤微生物量碳、真菌/细菌比值以及土壤酶活性的影响。试验设置氰氨化钙施用量0,30,60,90,180 g·m-2,分别在施用后的第1,3,7,14,28天采集0~20 cm土样,测定土壤微生物量以及土壤脱氢酶、转化酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性。结果表明:①土壤中添加氰氨化钙在短期内对微生物产生强烈抑制,第7天时所有处理均显著低于对照,其后又逐渐恢复,但90 g·m-2及180 g·m-2施用量处理土壤微生物量碳含量在第28天时仍显著低于对照及其他处理(P<0.05);②氰氨化钙对土壤真菌的影响大于土壤细菌,土壤真菌/细菌比值随着施用量的增加而显著降低,28 d后60 g·m-2及180 g·m-2施用量处理土壤真细比仍然显著低于对照(P<0.05);③施用氰氨化钙在前期显著抑制土壤酶活性,但施用28 d后,土壤脱氢酶、转化酶以及脲酶活性均显著高于对照(P<0.05),而磷酸酶活性与对照相比没有显著变化。低施用量氰氨化钙对土壤生物学性质的影响主要为短期效应,180 g·m-2施用量对土壤生物学性质的影响较大。在生产上建议采用60~90 g·m-2的施用量。  相似文献   

8.
Components of the technology of growing common onions in the Far East are studied: varieties, times, layouts, and fertilizer doses. Under conditions of the Amur region, it is recommended to set out varieties on April 20–25 on 140-cm beds according to a 32 + 32 + 76-cm layout with a density of 280000–320000 plants/ha and to apply fertilizer in a dose of N90P90K90 kg /ha under a planting of variety Strigunovskii Mestnyi. The proposed technology makes it possible to obtain an onion yield of 20—26 tons/ha, to reduce the cost of production, to increase net profit, and also to save energy and resources.  相似文献   

9.
Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens are well-known plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. However, the effects of A. brasilense and P. fluorescens on the N cycles in the paddy field and rice plant growth are little known. This study investigated whether and how A. brasilense and P. fluorescens contribute to the N transformations and N supply capacities in the rhizosphere, and clarified the effects of A. brasilense and P. fluorescens on the N application rate in rice cultivation. Inoculations with A. brasilense and P. fluorescens coupled with N application rate trials were conducted in the paddy field in 2016 and 2017. The inoculations of rice seedlings included four treatments: sterile saline solution(M_0), A. brasilense(Mb), P. fluorescens(Mp), and co-inoculation with a mixture of A. brasilense and P. fluorescens(Mbp). The N application rate included four levels: 0 kg N ha~(–1)(N_0), 90 kg N ha~(–1)(N_(90)), 180 kg N ha~(–1)(N_(180)), and 270 kg N ha~(–1)(N_(270)). The results indicated that the Mbp and Mp treatments significantly enhanced the ammonification activities in the rhizosphere compared with the M_0 treatment, especially for higher N applications, while the Mbp and Mb treatments greatly enhanced the nitrogenase activities in the rhizosphere compared with the M_0 treatments, especially for lower N applications. Azospirillum brasilense and P. fluorescens did not participate in the nitrification processes or the denitrification processes in the soil. The soil respiration rate and microbial biomass N were greatly affected by the interactions between the rhizobacteria inoculations and the N fertilizer applications. In the Mbp treatment, N supply capacities and rice grain yields showed no significant differences among the N_(90), N_(180), and N_(270) applications. The N application rate in the study region can be reduced to 90 kg N ha~(–1) for rice seedlings co-inoculated with a mixture of A. brasilense and P. fluorescens.  相似文献   

10.
Age, duration and intensity of feed restriction of broiler chickens were studied by L9(34) orthogonal experiment. Broiler production performance and meat color were measured to evaluate the effects of feed restriction and explore the superior FR program. A total of 250 1-day-old Ross 308 chicks were selected and randomly allocated to ten groups, including one feed ad libitum (AL) group and nine feed restriction (FR) groups; each group had 5 pens with 5 chickens each. Broilers (T5D7I90), feed-restricted to 90% from day 5 to day 11, had the highest body weight (BW), carcass weight, eviscerated weight, leg muscle weight and breast muscle weight, as well as muscle ratio. While broilers (T5D14I70), feed-restricted to 70% from day 5 to day 18, had the lowest. Triiodothyronine (T3) and growth hormone (GH) decreased while thyroxine (T4) and the ratio of T4/T3 increased in FR broilers. Feed conversion ratio, abdominal fat ratio, whole eviscerated weight ratio and lightness (L*) and yellow/blue (b*) value of leg muscle color increased in FR broilers (P> 0.05). T5D14I70 had the lowest red/green (a*) color value of leg muscle and the highest L* and b* color values of breast muscle (P> 0.05). FR groups except T10D14I90 had lower a* color value of breast muscle than AL. FR program of T5D7I90 resulted in superior production performance and higher capability of meat production. Broilers feedrestricted T5D14I70 were stunted with the lowest muscle growth capability and deteriorated in the breast muscle color. FR improved leg muscle color and increased broiler byproduct production. Lower T3 and GH concentration and higher T4/T3 ratio in plasma were related with the increased feed conversion rate and fat deposition in FR broilers; however, they had no relation with meat production and growth rate.  相似文献   

11.
LED绿光补光模式对生菜生长及品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
【目的】探究不同光照强度以及补光模式的绿光对植物工厂中水培生菜生长及营养品质的影响,为绿光的供光策略提供参考。【方法】以8:00—20:00照射的强度为160μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)的LED白光(W)为基础光,在保证生菜正常生长的前提下,补充3种不同强度(30、60、90μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))的绿光(G),并通过调节绿光的供光时间点使之与基础白光形成重叠(O)和不重叠(N)两种供光模式,分别为W、WG30O、WG60O、WG90O、WG30N、WG90。N共6个处理,各处理间绿光补光时长均为6 h。【结果】除处理WG90N外,其他补充绿光的处理较对照W均显著提高了生菜地上部鲜重,且30μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)的低强度绿光更有利于生菜的生长及生物量积累;补充绿光的处理均不同程度的提高了生菜可溶性糖、粗蛋白以及Vc含量,同时降低了硝酸盐含量,其中,生菜可溶性糖、粗蛋白以及Vc含量随着绿光补光强度的升高而增加;绿光在作用于生菜生物量积累过程中依赖于背景白光,而在作用于可溶性糖积累和Vc合成过程中与背景白光的关系不显著。【结论】绿光对生菜的作用效果与绿光补光强度及其相对于基础光的供光模式有关,且对于不同的目的指标,绿光补光效果有所差异,在实际生产中可根据生产目的建立不同的绿光补光策略。  相似文献   

12.
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the most damaging diseases to wheat in the world. The cultivation of resistant varieties of wheat is essential for controlling the powdery mildew epidemic. Wheat landraces are important resources of resistance to many diseases. Mapping powdery mildew resistance genes from wheat landraces will promote the development of new varieties with disease resistance. The Chinese wheat landrace Baiyouyantiao possesses characteristic of disease resistance to powdery mildew. To identify the resistance gene in this landrace, Baiyouyantiao was crossed with the susceptible cultivar Jingshuang 16 and seedlings of parents and F1, BC1, F2, and F2:3 were tested with Bgt isolate E09. The genetic results showed that the resistance of Baiyouyantiao to E09 was controlled by a single recessive gene, tentatively designated PmBYYT. An Illumina wheat 90K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was applied to screen polymorphisms between F2-resistant and F2-susceptible DNA bulks for identifying the chromosomal location of PmBYYT. A high percentage of polymorphic SNPs between the resistant and susceptible DNA bulks was found on chromosome 7B, indicating that PmBYYT may be located on this chromosome. A genetic linkage map of PmBYYT consisting of two simple sequence repeat markers and eight SNP markers was developed. The two flanking markers were SNP markers W7BL-8 and W7BL-15, with genetic distances of 3 and 2.9 cM, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated the rapid characterization of a wheat disease resistance gene and SNP marker development using the 90K SNP assay. The flanking markers of gene PmBYYT will benefit marker-assisted selection (MAS) and map-based cloning in breeding wheat cultivars with powdery mildew resistance.  相似文献   

13.
树莓绿枝扦插繁殖技术的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
陈琦  黄庆文 《西北农业学报》2008,17(5):229-232,236
以2个树莓优良栽培品种美国22号红树莓和黑莓A4-17为试材,进行了绿枝扦插繁殖技术的研究。结果表明,美国22号红树莓选择半木质化绿枝作为插条生根能力最好,生根率可达80%以上的生产指标;插条基部不同激素处理方式两个品种均以蘸药处理生根效果好;除去插条基部1~2节叶柄,同时在高浓度激素中添加100~150 mg/L的H2BO3,生根率可达80%~90%;品种间生根能力有一定差异,黑莓A4-17的生根能力比美国22号红树莓强。  相似文献   

14.
The results of experimental investigations of outdoor cucumber yield formation cultivated with drip irrigation are given. It is found that, under conditions of the Lower Volga region, the maximum water-saving effect in the experimental variants is observed with maintaining the preirrigation moisture content at the level of 80% FC in the 0.3-m layer before the start of flowering, 90% FC in the 0.5-m layer during fruiting, as well as 90% FC in the 0.5-m layer during the entire period of cucumber growth with the application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N165P65K65. The investigations indicate the need for a daily irrigation dose of 30–60 m3/ha for the purpose of maintaining the soil water-air regime and providing the minimum water consumption coefficient regardless of the level of mineral nutrition.  相似文献   

15.
Spring barley was grown for 4 years (2001–2004) in field trials at two sites on morainic soil in central SE Norway, with five N level treatments: 0, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1. Regression analyses showed that a selection of soil properties could explain 95–98% of the spatial yield variation and 47–90% of the yield responses (averaged over years). A strategy with uniform fertilizer application of 120 kg N ha−1 (U N120) was compared with two variable-rate (VR) strategies, with a maximum N rate of either 150 kg N ha−1 (VRN150) or 180 kg N ha−1 (VRN180). These strategies were tested using either Norwegian prices (low price ratio of N fertilizer to yield value; PN/PY), or Swedish prices (high PN/PY). The VRN180 strategy had the highest potential yield and net revenue (yield value minus N cost) at both sites and under both price regimes. Using this strategy with Norwegian prices would increase the profit of barley cropping as long as at least 40 and 31% of the estimated potential increase in net revenue was realized, respectively. Using Swedish prices, uniform application appeared to be as good as or even better economically than the VR methods, when correcting for extra costs of VR application. The environmental effect of VR compared with uniform application, expressed as N not accounted for, showed contrasting effects when using Norwegian prices, but was clearly favourable using Swedish prices, with up to 20% reduction in the amount of N not accounted for.  相似文献   

16.
目前,中国地表臭氧污染水平已位列世界前列,对国内粮食安全造成了严重威胁。针对当前严重的大气污染,并且基于该领域的研究热点,本文综述了地表臭氧在农业生态风险方面的研究现状与展望。主要包括地表臭氧对作物产量和品质的影响与机制及其区域风险评估的方法与结果。提出了未来研究应着重关注臭氧区域风险评估的精准性和全面性,开发作物多品种的臭氧气孔通量模型以及建立科学的评估指标体系。此外,要探求高效减缓臭氧损伤的农艺管理措施,以及加强多因子复合实验的开展与无人机生态遥感监测技术的应用。  相似文献   

17.
The results of the monitoring of 137Cs and 90Sr accumulation in the different types of vegetable forages of Western Siberia were presented. The average values of the radionuclides accumulation were revealed. The correlation between the levels of the radionuclides in various forages was found. The variability parts (r w ) in the accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr caused by an influence of both the type of forage in various oblasts and environment factors in forages were determined.  相似文献   

18.
Potassium(K)deficiency significantly decreases photosynthesis due to leaf chlorosis induced by accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).But,the physiological mechanism for adjusting antioxidative defense system to protect leaf function in maize(Zea mays L.)is unknown.In the present study,four maize inbred lines(K-tolerant,90-21-3 and 099;K-sensitive,D937 and 835)were used to analyze leaf photosynthesis,anatomical structure,chloroplast ultrastructure,ROS,and antioxidant activities.The results showed that the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(P_n),stomatal conductance(G_s),photochemical quenching(q_P),and electron transport rate of PSII(ETR)in 90-21-3 and 099 were higher than those in D937 and 835 under K deficiency treatment.Parameters of leaf anatomical structure in D937 that were significantly changed under K deficiency treatment include smaller thickness of leaf,lower epidermis cells,and vascular bundle area,whereas the vascular bundle area,xylem vessel number,and area in 90-21-3 were significantly larger or higher.D937 also had seriously damaged chloroplasts and PSII reaction centers along with increased superoxide anion(O_2~-·)and hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2).Activities of antioxidants,like superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX),were significantly stimulated in 90-21-3 resulting in lower levels of O_2~-·and H_2O_2.These results indicated that the K-tolerant maize promoted antioxidant enzyme activities to maintain ROS homeostasis and suffered less oxidative damage on the photosynthetic apparatus,thereby maintaining regular photosynthesis under K deficiency stress.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of different plant systems in capturing deep soil nitrate (NO3−) to reduce NO3− leaching in a field plot experiment using 15N labelling. The study was conducted on a calcareous alluvial soil on the North China Plains and the plant systems evaluated included alfalfa (Medicago sativa), American black poplar (Populus nigra) and cocksfoot (Dactylis). 15N-labelled N fertilizer was injected to 90 cm depth to determine the recovery of 15N by the plants. With conventional water and nutrient management, the total recovery of 15N-labeled NO3−-N was 23.4% by alfalfa after two consecutive growth years. The recovery was significantly higher than those by American black poplar (12.3%) and cocksfoot (11.4%). The highest proportion of soil residual 15N from the labeled fertilizer N (%Ndff) was detected around 90 cm soil depth at the time of the 1st year harvest and at 110-130 cm soil depth at time of the 2nd year harvest. Soil %Ndff in 0-80 cm depth was significantly higher in the alfalfa treatment than those in all the other treatments. The soil %Ndff below 100 cm depth was much lower in the alfalfa than those in all the other treatments. These results indicated that 15N leaching losses in the alfalfa treatment were significantly lower than by those in the black poplar and cocksfoot treatments, due to the higher root density located in nitrate labeling zone of soil profile. In conclusion, alfalfa may be used as a plant to capture deep soil NO3− left from previous crops to reduce NO3− leaching in high intensity crop cultivation systems of North China Plain.  相似文献   

20.
施氮量对春谷农艺性状、光合特性和产量的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  
【目的】通过分析不同氮素水平下春谷品种农艺性状、光合特性与产量的变化规律,确定春谷最佳施氮量,并探讨光合特性与产量相关性。【方法】以春谷品种长农35号和晋谷21号为试验材料,采用裂区设计,品种为主区、施氮量为副区,重复3次,小区面积15.0 m2（5 m×3 m）,留苗30万株/hm2。共设0（N1）、45（N2）、90（N3）、135（N4）、180（N5）和 225 kg·hm-2（N6）6个氮素水平,40%氮肥作底施,60%在拔节至孕穗期追施。于谷子抽穗后,用日本产叶绿素测定仪SPAD-502（Konica Minolta）测定顶三叶SPAD值,用美国产CIRAS-2光合速率仪（PPSYSTEMS）测定谷子顶三叶的细胞间隙二氧化碳浓度（Ci）、光合速率（Pn）和蒸腾速率（E）。【结果】随着氮素水平的提高,春谷品种的株高、茎粗、穗长呈上升趋势,穗重、穗粒重、旗叶与顶三叶SPAD值、蒸腾速率（E）及光合速率（Pn）表现为先升高后降低,千粒重在各氮素处理间无显著差异,氮水平为90 kg·hm-2 时,以上各指标值（千粒重除外）达到或接近最大,产量趋于稳定,预示氮肥施用量90 kg·hm-2 为春谷最佳施氮量,进一步通过2个春谷品种产量随氮素施用量变化回归方程计算出最高理论产量,方差分析表明两品种最高理论产量和施氮90 kg·hm-2 时产量无显著差异（P长农35号=0.5571、P晋谷21号=0.6632）。综合以上结果,将90 kg·hm-2 施氮量确定为春谷最佳施氮量。春谷光合生理指标与产量相关性分析表明：谷子旗叶蒸腾速率（E）及光合速率（Pn）与产量相关系数分别为 0.87和0.86,顶三叶总蒸腾速率（E）及总光合速率（Pn）与产量相关系数分别为 0.82和0.83,4个相关系数值均达到显著水平。【结论】明确了春谷品种在山西中南部生态气候和土壤条件下的最佳施氮量为90 kg·hm-2,发现谷子开花后旗叶蒸腾速率（E）及光合速率（Pn）、顶三叶蒸腾速率（E）及光合速率（Pn）与春谷产量呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

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