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1.
Objective—To describe the effect of hypothermic storage on transplanted feline kidneys.
Study Design—Kidneys were stored in University of Wisconsin (UW) sodium gluconate (n = 3) or phosphate-buffered sucrose (n = 5) solutions before transplantation.
Animal Population—Eight cats with renal failure and seven normal cats as kidney donors.
Methods—Kidneys were perfused through the renal artery with cold (10°C) storage solution and immersed in the solution on ice until transplantation.
Results—Mean ex vivo storage time was 4.8 ± 0.36 hours (range, 3.5 to 7 hours). Seven recipient cats survived surgery. Five of the cats had decreased serum creatinine concentrations from a mean of 8.2 mg/dL (range, 4.0 to 15.8 mg/dL) preoperatively to 1.7 mg/dL (range, 1.3 to 2.2 mg/dL) within 4 days of surgery. In one cat, serum creatinine concentration dropped from 15.1 to 3.7 mg/dL in 3 days, but the cat developed a ureteral stricture that required revision. One graft did not function, and the cat died on day 19. The mean postoperative survival time of cats that were discharged from the hospital (n = 6) was 254 days (range, 49 to 717 days) at the time of this report. Long-term renal function (>60 days postoperatively; n = 5) was excellent with mean serum creatinine concentrations of 1.6 ± 0.15 mg/dL.
Conclusions—Hypothermic storage is feasible for short-term preservation of feline kidneys.
The maximal length of feasible storage remains unknown.
Clinical Relevance—Hypothermia protects against ischemia-induced nephron loss during ex vivo manipulation of the allograft and allows longer safe vascular anastomosis times. Short-term hypothermic storage also provides time to accommodate modifications in scheduling or anesthetic management of the recipient operation.  相似文献   

2.
Objective— To evaluate the influence of a kidney perfusion solution on early graft function in dogs.
Study Design— Experimental, randomized study.
Animals— Intact adult male mongrel dogs (n=12).
Methods— Dogs had renal autograft transplantation without ureteroneocystotomy with contralateral nephrectomy. Kidney graft flushing with a novel organ perfusion solution was compared with flushing with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were measured daily posttransplant for 7 days. Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy was performed on postoperative day 1 for electron microscopic evaluation. Dogs were euthanatized on day 7.
Results— All dogs completed the study. Cr and BUN concentrations of the saline group were significantly greater than the organ perfusion solution group on each postoperative day ( P =.01 for S Cr; P =.001 for BUN). Electron micrographs of nuclei and mitochondria from convoluted proximal tubule cells indicated profound ultrastructural disruptions in the saline group and mild ultrastructural disruptions in the organ perfusion solution group.
Conclusion— Flushing solution composition can influence early graft function in live donor kidney transplantation.
Clinical Relevance— Use of a specialized flushing solution can improve early graft function in canine kidney transplantation, independent of antigen-mediated events.  相似文献   

3.
Renal ischemia as a course of renal transplantation is a common cause of renal dysfunction as renal failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of ascorbic acid on blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and resistive index (RI) for dog models with renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Renal ischemia was induced on 6 Beagle dogs. The left kidney was exposed to normothermic ischemia for a short period at 30 min followed by reperfusion. On the blood Cr level and RI, there was no significant difference comparing both groups. 14 days after I/R injury a significant reduction on the blood BUN level was observed in the vehicle group (34.06 mg/dl) compared to that of ischemia induced treated group (10.3mg/dl) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, administration of ascorbic acid for renal ischemic-reperfusion injury had influence on blood BUN level, but it was not revealed the influence on blood Cr and RI.  相似文献   

4.
This study compared the severity of ischemic injury to the equine jejunal mucosa caused by arteriovenous obstruction (AVO) or venous obstruction (VO) with that caused by reperfusion after ischemia. The degree of mucosal damage and regeneration was scored according to a modified version of an established light microscopic classification for ischemic injury. Biopsy specimens taken after 3 and 4 hours of obstruction, and after 3 hours of obstruction and 1 hour of reperfusion, were compared. There were no changes in the severity of mucosal injury (characterized by epithelial sloughing, loss of villus architecture, and necrosis of crypt cells) at 4 hours of ischemia when compared with 3 hours of ischemia. The mucosal injury score increased by one grade in three of six and five of eight segments during reperfusion for the VO and AVO models, respectively; however, only the scores for the AVO model were significantly different from the injury caused by ischemia alone. Modification of reperfusion injury was attempted by the administration of intravenous (IV) allopurinol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or intraluminal oxygen insufflation at the time of release of the AVO and VO. Treatments did not significantly alter either the severity of injury noted after 1 hour of reperfusion or the degree of mucosal regeneration after 48 hours of reperfusion. In this group of ponies, the severity of mucosal damage was greater after 1 hour of reperfusion for both AVO and VO.  相似文献   

5.
Physiologic effects of 1 hour of ischemia and 1 hour of reperfusion on equine jejunum and protective effects of systemic administration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 1 g/kg of body weight) were investigated in 18 ponies, using neurally intact segments of jejunum perfused at constant flow with heparinized blood. Ponies were allotted to 4 groups: group 1, saline solution administered (control, n = 3); group 2, DMSO administered (DMSO, n = 3); group 3, ischemia induced and saline solution administered (ischemia, n = 6); and group 4, ischemia induced and DMSO administered (ischemia-DMSO, n = 6). Intestinal vascular resistance (R, mm of Hg/ml/min/100 g), oxygen consumption (VO2, ml/min/100 g), frequency and amplitude of rhythmic changes in intraluminal pressure, intestinal compliance (C, ml/mm of Hg), and arteriovenous potassium concentration difference (delta AV [K+], mEq/L) were determined and compared with stable preischemic values within groups. There were no significant changes in any variable in ponies of groups 1 or 2. In ponies of group 3, significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) changes included: an initial increase in R during reperfusion, followed by a decrease to values below preischemic values by 15 minutes of reperfusion; decreased VO2 during the entire reperfusion period; increased amplitude of rhythmic contractions during initial reperfusion; decreased frequency of rhythmic contractions during ischemia; and increased delta AV [K+] during initial reperfusion. Changes in ponies of group 4 were identical to changes in ponies of group 3, with the exception that DMSO administration prevented the decrease in R during reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of Carolina rinse solution, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 21-aminosteroid, U-74389G, on microvascular permeability and morphology of the equine jejunum after low-flow ischemia and reperfusion. ANIMALS: 20 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURE: Under anesthesia, full-thickness biopsy specimens of a distal portion of the jejunum were obtained for baseline measurements. In addition to a control segment, 2 jejunal segments were identified as sham-operated or experimental segments. Experimental segments underwent 60 minutes of low-flow ischemia and 3.5 hours of reperfusion. Treatments were as follows: U-74389G (3 mg/kg, IV; 6 horses), DMSO (20 mg/kg, IV; 6) diluted in 1 L of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, local perfusion (via jejunal artery) of Carolina rinse solution (0.5 mL/kg; 4), and local perfusion of lactated Ringer's solution (0.5 mL/kg; 4). RESULTS: Jejunal microvascular permeability was significantly lower after treatment with Carolina rinse solution or DMSO, compared with U-74389G or lactated Ringer's solution treatments. After DMSO treatment, serosal- and submucosal-layer edema was significantly increased in experimental segments, compared with control or sham-operated segments; however, edema increases were significantly less than for lactated Ringer's solution or U-74389G treatments. Significant decreases in intestinal wet weight-to-dry weight ratio were found following Carolina rinse solution or DMSO treatments, compared with lactated Ringer's solution or U-74389G treatments. Edema formation and leukocyte infiltration in jejunal segments of horses treated with lactated Ringer's solution or U-74389G were increased, compared with Carolina rinse solution or DMSO treatments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Carolina rinse solution and DMSO may be protective against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the equine jejunum.  相似文献   

7.
In dogs, gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is characterized by cardiogenic shock, with resulting hypoperfusion. Treatment goals include reperfusion of transiently ischemic tissues, which indicates that reperfusion injury may be a factor in the physiopathogenesis of GDV. Recently, we obtained data that indicate that reperfusion injury may be involved in experimentally induced GDV. Using this GDV model, we evaluated mortality in 24 dogs of 4 equal groups, treated with deferoxamine (an iron chelator), dimethylsulfoxide (a free radical scavenger), a combination of the 2 drugs, or isotonic saline solution. All 6 dogs that were given deferoxamine survived; however, 3 dogs of the dimethylsulfoxide-treated group, 2 dogs of the combination-treated group, and 4 dogs of the saline-treated group died. Results of the study indicate that mortality associated with experimentally induced GDV is reduced by appropriate and timely pharmacologic intervention to prevent or attenuate reperfusion injury, and that deferoxamine may be more effective than dimethylsulfoxide.  相似文献   

8.
Use of microangiography is now essential for the study of microcirculation in various organs. Renal microangiographic studies have been reported in rats, rabbits, dogs, human beings, and mice. However, we could not find any report on use of the technique in cattle, despite high incidence of renal disease in that species. The perfusion technique used in mice was improved over that of our previous report, and was applied to normal and diseased bovine kidneys. For the microangiographic technique, composition of the contrast medium, pressure of the injection, duration of perfusion, and washing of kidneys with heparinized saline solution before perfusion are important. In cattle, 1- to 2-mm-thick sections of the kidneys were generally necessary to observe renal vasculature: arcuate and interlobular arteries, afferent arterioles, and glomerular capillaries. In normal bovine kidneys, the angiographic and microangiographic findings were easily recognized as normal, compared with those of normal mice. In affected bovine kidneys, which histologically represented glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, angiography and microangiography revealed corresponding findings.  相似文献   

9.
Objective- The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ischemia and reperfusion on the biochemical integrity of equine colonic mucosa to assess the relative roles of ischemic- and reperfusion-induced damage.
Study Design- Two hours of no-flow ischemia experimentally induced by 720° counterclockwise ascending colon volvulus followed by 2 hours reperfusion after derotation.
Animals- Ten ponies.
Methods- Ascending colon biopsies were obtained every hour for measurement of mucosal adenosine triphosphate (ATP), water, sodium, and potassium content. Additional samples were homogenized for assay of mitochondrial respiratory function.
Results- ATP content diminished 92% after ischemia and recovered to only 44% of control levels ( P <.001 versus controls) after 2 hours reperfusion. Reperfusion increased mucosal water and decreased sodium and potassium content for the duration of the experiment. Both NADH- (pyruvate) and FADH-linked (succinate) respiration decreased after ischemia and did not recover during reperfusion indicating electron transport chain dysfunction.
Conclusions- Two hours ischemia induced severe metabolic dysfunction in equine colon mucosa which persisted throughout reperfusion. Unequivocal evidence of injury specific to reperfusion was not observed in this study suggesting that much of the damage observed during reperfusion may be a continuation of injury induced during the ischemic period and not specific to reperfusion per se.
Clinical Relevance- This study suggests that greater efforts to metabolically support ischemically injured mucosa may be an important aspect of obtaining improved survival of horses affected by ascending colon volvulus (ACV).  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a customized solution could attenuate the effects of low-flow ischemia and reperfusion injury of the equine jejunum. SAMPLE POPULATION: A segment of jejunum obtained from 21 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURE: A segment of jejunum was maintained in an isolated extracorporeal circuit, and arterial flow was reduced to 20% of baseline for 40 minutes (ischemia) followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. In 1 group, a customized solution was infused at a rate of 1 ml/min during low-flow ischemia and 3 ml/min during reperfusion. In a second group, the solution was infused at the same rate during low-flow ischemia, but it was infused at a rate of 7 ml/min during reperfusion. Control groups received lactated Ringer's solution administered at the same rates as for the customized solution. Various metabolic, hemodynamic, histologic, and permeability variables were recorded. RESULTS: A lower flow rate during reperfusion (3 ml/min) had a beneficial effect, compared with lactated Ringer's solution or the higher flow rate (7 ml/min). Use of the solution at this rate resulted in less histomorphologic injury and reduced mucosal permeability to albumin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of a customized solution at a lower flow rate during repurfusion appeared to have a protective effect on equine jejunum when administered IV during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To compare two surgical techniques for renal transplantation in cats with respect to graft warm ischemia time, total surgical time, operative and postoperative complications, and return to normal renal function based on measurement of plasma creatinine concentrations. STUDY DESIGN: Research study using normal cats. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Fourteen adult, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus (FELV/FIV) negative, neutered male and spayed female cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen cats underwent heterotopic renal isograft transplantation with nephrectomy of the contralateral kidney. Renal arterial end-to-end anastomosis to the external iliac artery was performed in eight cats and renal arterial end-to-side anastomosis to the aorta was performed in six cats. Cats were monitored for 14 days after surgery. Renal function was evaluated by daily measurement of plasma creatinine concentrations. The cats' health was assessed by the daily recording of body weight, rectal temperature, postoperative complications, urine production, appetite, packed red blood cell volume, and total serum protein. Ultrasonographic assessment of the isograft was performed every third day. Animals were euthanatized or adopted 14 days after surgery and histopathologic analysis of biopsies or whole isograft tissues was performed. RESULTS: Nine of fourteen cats survived the 14-day study period. Although not statistically significant, mean total surgical time and graft warm ischemia time was shorter for the arterial end-to-side anastomosis. Mean daily plasma creatinine concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups. Five of eight cats (62%) undergoing the arterial end-to-end technique developed neuropraxia and lameness of the ipsilateral pelvic limb. Five cats died or were euthanatized because of other complications. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The arterial end-to-side technique appears to be the better method for renal transplantation in cats. Shorter graft warm ischemia and total surgical times, absence of pelvic limb complications, and an adequate return to normal renal function were associated with this technique.  相似文献   

12.
Objective— To determine whether ischemic postconditioning can attenuate intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury and has a beneficial effect on tissue blood flow during reperfusion. Study Design— In vivo experimental study. Animals— New Zealand White rabbits (n=6). Methods— Rabbits were anesthetized with pentobarbital, to avoid the preconditioning effects of volatile anesthetics, and ventilated with room air. Rectal temperature, hemodynamics, and normocapnia were maintained. After celiotomy, 3 jejunal segments were isolated in each rabbit for the following groups: (1) control, (2) I–R, and (3) I–R with postconditioning. I–R was induced by a 45‐minute occlusion of the segment jejunal artery followed by 2‐hour reperfusion. The postconditioning segment had 4 cycles of 30‐second reperfusion and 30‐second reocclusion during the initial 4 minutes of reperfusion. Stable isotope‐labeled microspheres were used to measure intestinal blood flow at baseline, end occlusion, and end reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, intestine segments were harvested and the rabbits euthanatized. A semiquantitative histopathologic evaluation (0–5) was conducted by a single, blinded observer. Wet‐to‐dry weight ratios were calculated to assess intestinal edema. Results— There was no significant difference in grade of necrosis, tissue wet‐to‐dry weight ratios, or blood flow at any time point between ischemic and postconditioning groups. Conclusions— Ischemic postconditioning was ineffective in this model of intestinal I–R. Clinical Relevance— Further experimental studies will need to be performed before clinical application of postconditioning for intestinal ischemia.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of intraluminal administration of a customized solution during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion in the jejunum of horses. SAMPLE POPULATION: Segments of jejunum obtained from 13 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURE: In isolated segments of jejunum maintained in an extracorporeal circuit, arterial flow was reduced to 20% of baseline for 40 minutes (ischemia) followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. In 2 groups, a customized solution (concentrations, 12.5 and 25%, respectively) was placed in the lumen prior to low-flow ischemia and maintained during reperfusion. The control group received intraluminal lactated Ringer's solution for the same duration. Various metabolic, hemodynamic, histologic, and permeability variables were recorded. RESULTS: The 12.5% solution resulted in less histomorphologic injury and reduced mucosal permeability to albumin, compared with the 25% solution and the lactated Ringer's solution. Morphologic injury and permeability were reduced in tissues that received the 25% solution, compared with the control group, but this difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of a 12.5% customized solution appeared to minimize injury in the isolated extracoporeal jejunal loop, which provides some indication that it might be useful in clinical situations.  相似文献   

14.
大鼠短暂性全脑缺血再灌注后海马神经元动态变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用股动脉放血并双侧颈总动脉夹闭制作大鼠全脑缺血再灌注模型,分别于术后6h、1d、3d、5d处死动物,取脑,制作石蜡切片和冰冻切片,通过HE染色、TUNEL检测及Caspase-3活性测定,对大鼠海马各区锥体细胞形态进行动态观察。结果表明:在短暂性全脑缺血中,海马锥体细胞存在着凋亡和坏死两种死亡形式,细胞凋亡在海马各区中的分布是一动态过程,各区对缺血易损伤性的顺序是:CA1及门区>CA2>CA3>齿状回;脑缺血再灌注不同时间,海马锥体细胞中DNA断裂及Caspase-3的表达与细胞凋亡呈现相似的变化趋势,且DNA的断裂早于Caspase-3的表达;与青年组相比,老年组海马神经元出现凋亡时间早且损伤严重。试验证明:在脑缺血再灌注损伤中,海马各区存在着缺血耐受性差异;细胞凋亡是神经元死亡的一种重要形式。  相似文献   

15.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1h, bilateral, warm ischemia-reperfusion kidney injury as a model of acute kidney injury in the cat. Four adult healthy cats underwent 60 min of bilateral, in vivo renal warm ischemia; three cats were sham operated controls. Kidney function was evaluated with creatinine and BUN concentration, urine protein: creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate. Post-reperfusion endothelin and renin was measured by ELISA and RT-qPCR. Blood pressure (BP), platelet count, and platelet aggregation were monitored. Renal biopsy specimens were evaluated histopathologically. There was significant reduction in renal function characterized by severe azotemia and proximal tubular brush border loss. Changes in renin or endothelin gene expression or serum concentration were not detected. No changes were detected in BP. Platelet count and hematocrit decreased markedly after ischemia and reperfusion. Sixty minutes bilateral renal ischemia is an effective model for acute renal injury.  相似文献   

16.
Objective— To investigate neutrophil accumulation after ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in microvascular tissue flaps in horses.
Study Design— Randomized controlled experiment.
Sample Population— A total of 8 horses between 1 and 10 years of age, 4 of each sex.
Methods— Control and experimental myocutaneous island flaps based on the superficial branch of the deep circumflex iliac vessels were dissected on each horse. Atraumatic vascular clamps were applied to the pedicle of the experimental flap for 90 minutes and then removed to allow reperfusion. Based on the assumption that rapid infiltration of neutrophils into affected tissues is a hallmark of IR injury, radiolabeled autogenous leukocytes were used to indirectly quantify neutrophil accumulation in flap tissues. Labeled leukocytes were administered through a jugular catheter 30 minutes before flap reperfusion. Biopsies were collected from each flap over a 6 hour postischemia time period; in group 1 (  n = 4  ) from 0 to 6 hours postischemia, and in group 2 (  n = 4  ) from 24 to 30 hours postischemia. Biopsies were examined scintigraphically and histologically for evidence of neutrophil infiltration.
Results— All control flaps survived and 6 of 8 experimental flaps survived. There was no significant evidence of acute neutrophil infiltration into flap tissues after reperfusion in either group.
Conclusions— The results of this study suggest that equine myocutaneous flap tissues can survive a 90-minute ischemic period and reperfusion. No significant evidence of the occurrence of IR injury in flap tissues was found.
Clinical Relevance— The reasons for the previously reported failures of equine free tissue transfer remain uncertain, but they do not appear to be caused by neutrophil mediated injury associated with ischemia and reperfusion.  相似文献   

17.
Intestinal edema, luminal distention, and ischemia are common pathologic processes involved in producing the intestinal damage found during surgical exploration for acute abdominal disorders in the horse. The severity of intestinal edema depends on the degree of altered intravascular forces and changes in capillary permeability. Capillary hydrostatic pressure rises as the less pliable venules and veins become occluded during intestinal obstruction. Concurrently, the production of various endogenous products that damage the vascular wall leads to increases in capillary permeability and protein exudation, causing fluid movement into the interstitium and consequent tissue edema. The information presently available indicates that luminal distention does not produce the morphologic damage observed during natural conditions. However, slight intestinal edema was observed with experimental distention of the equine small intestine. Although the effects of increased luminal pressure appear minor, in the overall scheme of intestine damage, many processes are occurring together, and the luminal distention may be additive in the production of intestinal damage. The intestinal damage occurring during natural obstructions is most likely related to both the severity of the ischemia and the subsequent reperfusion injury. Experimentally, an ischemic insult produces a consistent sequence of mucosal alterations to both the equine small and large intestine. Severity of ischemia may be the limiting factor in determining the clinical outcome in cases in which the ischemic insult is irreversible; however, if the intestinal tissue survives the ischemia, the reperfusion injury may substantially increase the damage, producing an irreversible injury. The proposed mechanisms responsible for the reperfusion injury include the presence of highly reactive cytotoxic oxygen radicals. The intestinal epithelium and vascular endothelium are both capable of producing these unstable compounds. Secondly, the influx and activation of neutrophils may also release oxygen radicals. During experimental ischemia, neutrophils gradually move to the affected area; however, during reperfusion their numbers dramatically increase and may play a significant role in producing intestinal damage. Therapy for intestinal damage involves first determining the viability of the affected intestine. All nonviable bowel should be resected and viable intestine anastomosed. The care and maintenance of intestine of questionable viability are presently based on therapy in humans and experimental information concerning the pathophysiologic mechanisms of intestinal ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)  相似文献   

18.
Objective —The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sterile tap water, normal saline, and Ringer's lactate on wound healing in an in vitro model.
Study Design —The effects of PBS, sterile tap water, normal saline, and Ringer's lactate on a primary line of canine embryonic fibroblasts were determined.
Animals or Sample Population —A primary line of canine embryonic fibroblasts.
Methods —The effects of the various lavage solutions were determined by (1) vital staining of the treated cells with a 0.5% trypan blue solution, (2) evaluation of the amount of lactate dehydrogenase released by the treated cells, and (3) cytopathologic evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin-stained monolayers of treated canine fibroblasts. The cells were exposed to the lavage treatments for the following time intervals: 0.5 minute, 1 minute, 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes. PBS was used as the control.
Results —Sterile tap water significantly damaged canine fibroblasts at all time intervals ( P = .05). This was attributed to the alkaline pH, hypotonicity, and presence of numerous cytotoxic trace elements in the tap water used. Cytotoxic effects were noted in fibroblasts after 10 minutes' exposure to normal saline; this may be because of the acidic pH of normal saline and lack of a buffering system. Ringer's lactate did not induce any significant fibroblast injury.
Conclusions —PBS and Ringer's lactate do not induce any significant fibroblast injury, whereas normal saline and sterile tap water cause mild and severe cytotoxic effects in vitro.
Clinical Relevance —Further clinical investigation is indicated to establish whether Ringer's lactate is the wound lavage solution of choice compared with normal saline. Sterile tap water may cause considerable fibroblast injury.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of flunixin meglumine and etodolac treatment on recovery of ischemic-injured equine jejunal mucosa after 18 hours of reperfusion. ANIMALS: 24 horses. PROCEDURE: Jejunum was exposed to 2 hours of ischemia during anesthesia. Horses received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (12 mL, i.v., q 12 h), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, i.v., q 12 h), or etodolac (23 mg/kg, i.v., q 12 h). Tissue specimens were obtained from ischemic-injured and nonischemic jejunum immediately after ischemia and 18 hours after recovery from ischemia. Transepithelial electric resistance (TER) and transepithelial flux of tritium-labeled mannitol measured mucosal permeability. Denuded villous surface area and mean epithelial neutrophil count per mm2 were calculated. Western blot analysis for cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 was performed. Pharmacokinetics of flunixin and etodolac and eicosanoid concentrations were determined. RESULTS: Ischemic-injured tissue from horses treated with flunixin and etodolac had significantly lower TER and increased permeability to mannitol, compared with that from horses treated with saline solution. Epithelial denudation after ischemia and 18 hours after recovery was not significantly different among treatments. Both COX-1 and -2 were expressed in ischemic-injured and nonischemic tissues. Ischemia caused significant upregulation of both COX isoforms. Eicosanoid concentrations were significantly lower in tissues from flunixin and etodolac-treated horses, compared with that from horses treated with saline solution. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Flunixin and etodolac treatment retarded recovery of intestinal barrier function in jejunal mucosa after 18 hours of reperfusion, whereas tissues from horses treated with saline solution recovered baseline values of TER and permeability to mannitol.  相似文献   

20.
Objective To evaluate the effect of time, temperature and storage vial material on the antiviral activity of 0.5% cidofovir solution. Procedures Commercial 7.5% cidofovir solution for injection was diluted with normal saline to a 0.5% concentration. Aliquots were stored in plastic and glass vials at 4, ?20, and ?80 °C for 30, 60, 120, and 180 days. Antiviral activity against feline herpesvirus was evaluated in a virus titration assay at time zero (baseline) and at each subsequent time point. Results Cidofovir caused a fourfold log reduction in virus titer at baseline and at each time point and for each storage condition (P < 0.001). Conclusion 0.5% cidofovir demonstrated stable antiviral activity when stored for up to 6 months in glass or plastic, at 4, ?20, and ?80 °C.  相似文献   

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