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1.
条锈病是小麦上最重要的病害之一,严重影响小麦安全生产。该病害的严重度准确评估对病害预测和病害管理措施制定至关重要。为了实现小麦条锈病严重度的准确评估,本研究基于图像处理技术建立了小麦条锈病严重度自动评估方法,构建了小麦条锈病严重度自动分级系统。借助图像处理软件对获取的小麦条锈病各个严重度级别的发病单叶图像进行了手动分割,获取叶片区域图像和病斑区域图像,并统计获得每一发病单叶的叶片区域和病斑区域的像素数量,计算获得了每一发病单叶的病斑面积占发病叶片总面积的实际百分率。基于图像处理技术,利用4种图像分割方法对发病单叶图像进行叶片区域和病斑区域自动分割,与利用图像处理软件对病害图像进行手动分割所获取结果进行比较,获得了最优的病害图像自动分割方法。利用最优病害图像自动分割方法情况下获得的每一发病单叶的病斑面积占发病叶片总面积的百分率,分别依据每一个严重度级别的基于平均值中间值的实际百分率参考范围和病斑面积实际百分率的99%参考值范围,对每一发病单叶进行严重度评估,评估结果表明,基于病斑面积实际百分率的99%参考值范围的严重度评估方法最优,其严重度评估平均准确率为88.19%。利用最优的病斑图像... 相似文献
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图像分割是指将一幅图像分解为若干互不交迭的区域的集合，是图像处理和计算机视觉的基本问题之一。为了提高图像分割的效率，提出了一种基于2维直方图加权的塔形模糊c均值（FCM）聚类图像快速分割算法。该方法先通过构造合理的2维直方图对噪声进行抑制；然后通过塔形分解来缩减聚类样本集；最后利用加权FCM聚类算法进行分类。仿真结果表明，该方法的效率明显优于标准的FCM算法。此外，为确定分割的最优类别数c，还引入了一种基于该快速算法的聚类有效性评价函数——修正划分模糊度，实现了最佳图像分割类别数c的自动确定。基于人造图像和实际图像的测试实验结果表明该方法是有效的。 相似文献
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图像超分辨率重建是利用数字信号处理技术由一系列低分辨率观测图像得到高分辨率图像。大多数重建算法假设成像系统的模糊特性也即点扩散函数(PSF)已知,然而实际的应用环境下PSF事先不知道或部分知道。为此,将未知PSF模型化,提出基于双正则化的图像超分辨率盲重建算法,并且正则化作用的强度随重建图像局部光滑程度的变化而自适应地改变,以便能保护图像细节同时抑制平滑区域的噪声。求解过程中采用交替最小化方法估计PSF参数和高分辨率图像,并随着迭代次数的增加逐步提高每次寻优的精度以节省计算开销。实验结果表明,该算法能够比较准确地估计出PSF参数并取得较好的图像重建效果。 相似文献
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分析了非线性扩散、基于整体变分方法的ROF模型以及矢量图像耦合技术的原理,比较了这些扩散、去噪模型的优缺点。根据矢量图像耦合思想将TV流运用到矢量图像扩散中,并参考ROF模型逼近项变分模型的优点,提出了基于非线性扩散、ROF模型和矢量图像耦合原理的改进TV流矢量图像耦合扩散模型,目地是在彩色图像中,去噪同时更好地保留图像轮廓、边缘等重要信息。实验对比分析了改进前后模型的去噪效果,并分析了改进模型下正、逆向扩散在彩色图像去噪中的作用。实验结果表明,改进的矢量图像耦合扩散模型能有效地保持彩色图像中的边缘信息,同时具有良好的去噪性能,且改进模型下,正、逆向扩散的性质在彩色图像去噪工作中仍能保持。 相似文献
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为优化马铃薯病斑图像特征提取与病害识别的关键步骤——图像分割的精度,保证分割后的图像能够较好地保留原病斑图像的轮廓与细节,采用混合蛙跳算法优化脉冲耦合神经网络(pulse coupled neural network,PCNN)参数,建立一种高精度的用于马铃薯病斑图像分割的混合蛙跳算法(shuffled frog leaping algorithm,SFLA)-PCNN模型,该模型选用图像分割香农熵与图像分割紧凑度的加权和作为适用度函数,对马铃薯晚疫病害图像进行试探分割,分割正确率为95.41%,实现PCNN参数的自适应优化配置,并获得PCNN参数配置方案为:神经元交互连接系数β=0.38、脉冲激励衰减系数a_θ=0.24、激励脉冲幅度衰减系数V_θ=0.82。利用优化后的PCNN对马铃薯软腐病、环腐病、银腐病、粉痂病、灰霉病5种病害图像进行分割,分割正确率分别为94.41%、95.69%、93.89%、93.91%和93.21%,平均正确率为94.42%,证明SFLA-PCNN模型能有效地从背景区域提取马铃薯病斑,可用于马铃薯病斑检测。 相似文献
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基于根点替代的猕猴桃果园行间导航线生成方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对棚架式猕猴桃果园树干分立、树干与树冠分离的生理特点,提出基于深度学习的目标检测框底边中点替代果树根点的导航特征目标检测方法。使用LabelImg标注预处理图像中的树干信息,生成猕猴桃树干数据集,基于Faster R-CNN构建目标检测模型,实现对猕猴桃果园行间有效范围的树干识别,利用根点替代方法确定树干根点的定位基点坐标,基于三次样条插值法提取树行线,根据最小二乘法拟合生成导航线。试验结果表明,生成的目标检测模型在地膜、杂草和土壤等果园行间环境下,树干正确识别率分别为90.6%、90.1%、89.4%;树干像素高度大于300像素、200～300像素、100～200像素的正确识别率分别为94.6%、89.9%、85.6%,表明选择树干作为果园行间视觉导航标识,有效利用了深度学习的稳定性,提高了导航目标识别的准确率;根点替代简化了导航定位基点生成算法,获取的果树定位基点与实际树干根点的平均横向像素误差占比为1.3%,平均纵向像素误差占比为2.2%,平均实际距离误差为0.102 m,导航定位基点精度较高;生成的导航线平均横向像素偏差为5.1像素,实际平均横向偏差为0.052 m,获取的果园行间导航路径满足行间导航要求。 相似文献
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建立马铃薯晚疫病菌抗甲霜灵SCAR(sequenced characterized amplified region,序列特征扩增区域)标记,以马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵高抗菌株HD01-3和对甲霜灵高感菌株DK98-1为亲本,通过无性单游动孢子分离和有性杂交获得菌株HD01-3无性后代群体、菌株DK98-1无性后代群体以及F1代分离群体,以此为试验材料,利用BSA法(bulked segregant analysis,分离群体分组分析法)构建抗感基因池对后代菌系的甲霜灵抗性进行RAPD(random amplified polymorphic DNA,随机扩增多态性DNA)分析。从178条RAPD随机引物中找到一条特异性引物S2054,其可以扩增出一个与晚疫病菌对甲霜灵抗性相关的遗传标记,将该特异条带回收、克隆、测序,发现此标记大小为457bp,根据测序结果设计特异PCR引物,用于扩增抗感基因池,成功地将特异RAPD标记转化为SCAR标记。初步建立了马铃薯晚疫病菌抗甲霜灵SCAR标记,辅助监测晚疫病菌对甲霜灵的抗性。 相似文献
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针对Otsu算法对直方图呈现多峰多谷的复杂马铃薯病害图像分割效果不佳的问题,结合混合蛙跳算法(shuffled frog leaping algorithm,SFLA)提出了一种Otsu-SFLA分割优化模型,将Otsu病害图像的分割结果作为SFLA算法的优化起点,进行复杂背景的马铃薯病害图像的分割优化,将马铃薯叶枯病、马铃薯晚疫病、马铃薯菌核病、马铃薯根腐线虫病、马铃薯灰霉病的病害图像作为分割对象进行分割,分割匹配率分别为97.0%、96.2%、96.9%、95.7%、94.8%,平均分割匹配率为96.1%,错误率分别为1.6%、1.1%、1.2%、1.1%、1.4%、平均错误率为1.3%,正确率分别为95.4%、95.1%、95.7%、94.6%、93.4%,平均正确率为94.8%,表明Otsu-SFLA模型可有效从复杂马铃薯病害图像中获取病斑区域。 相似文献
11.
18世纪中叶至20世纪中叶乌鲁木齐城市与区域意象研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
王长松 《干旱区资源与环境》2009,(6)
意象是人们对城市与区域环境的感知,空间环境具有辩证性,人们通过经验和价值观主观接受环境的刺激,并对其进行简化、分割、歪曲等处理,形成空间认知。通过梳理18世纪中叶至20世纪中叶对乌鲁木齐相关记载的游记、笔记、日记、诗文等资料,研究了二百年间乌鲁木齐城市意象的变化。 相似文献
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T. Bennouna A. Nejmeddine M. J. Lefevre M. Kaemmerer J. P. Lacombe J. C. Revel 《Arid Land Research and Management》2013,27(1):69-85
In Morocco, as in many other regions of north Africa, desertification is affecting the most sensitive environments such as the rangelands. Demographic expansion, cereal growing, and overgrazing constitute the principal factors of degradation in such regions. The use of satellite data provides an efficient tool for observation and continuous measurement of the biosphere. Our objective is to propose a method for the characterization and mapping of rangelands in arid and desert areas, based on the biophysical reality of the environment (field data). A highly detailed study based on field surveys of the Taznakht basin (Moroccan Anti-Atlas) was carried out to determine rangeland typology. Close relationships were demonstrated between the abiotic environment and the vegetation. The relevant bio-pedo-morphological classes at each site, corresponding to the different types of rangeland, were identified. The cartographic accuracy of these classes was considerably increased by combining the stratification obtained by Visual Interpretation Assisted by Computer of the photofacies of a Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Tene (SPOT) image obtained during the dry period, with a supervised classification of each stratum based on maximum likelihood. This methodological approach was used to develop a simple, robust, and generally applicable model for the efficient correlation of field and remote sensing data. 相似文献
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甘肃疏勒河流域移民迁入区生态环境的演变趋势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文综合评价了疏勒河流域移民迁入区的生态环境。迁入区生态环境十分脆弱，西部地区退化严重。但区内光热水土资源丰富，开发潜力大。并着重论证了水利工程建设引起水资源分配天化及其对迁入区生态环境的影响是利多弊少。同时分析了洗盐排水，改良盐碱土对双塔水库水质不会产生恶劣影响；对后旗堡荒滩和花海盆地溶泄区的影响不仅无害，反而有利。结论是，移民迁入区的开发，虽然会对少部分区域的天然植被产生不利影响，但由于水资源利用率的提高，绿洲面积的扩大，经济效益、社会效益和生态效应十分显著，总体上将有利于生态环境的改善，可以朝着良性循环方向发展。 相似文献
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Ioannis Stergiopoulos Lute-Harm Zwiers Maarten A. De Waard 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(7):719-734
This review provides an overview of members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of transporters identified in filamentous fungi. The most common function of these membrane proteins is to provide protection against natural toxic compounds present in the environment of fungi, such as antibiotics produced by other microorganisms. In plant pathogenic fungi, these transporters can also be an important determinant of virulence on host plants by providing protection against plant defence compounds or mediating the secretion of host-specific toxins. Furthermore, they play a critical role in determining base-line sensitivity to fungicides and other antimycotic agents. Overexpression of some of these transporters can lead to the development of resistance to chemically-unrelated compounds, a phenomenon described as multidrug resistance (MDR). This has been observed in a variety of organisms and can impose a serious threat to the effective control of pathogenic fungi. 相似文献
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Plant classification for weed detection using hyperspectral imaging with wavelet analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
HIROSHI OKAMOTO TETSURO MURATA TAKASHI KATAOKA SHUN-ICHI HATA 《Weed Biology and Management》2007,7(1):31-37
The goal of this study is to develop a new weed detection method that can be applied for automatic mechanical weed control. For successful weed detection, plants must be classified into crops and weeds according to their species. In this study, we employed a portable hyperspectral imaging system. The hyperspectral camera can capture landscape images that include crops, weeds, and the soil surface, and can provide more extensive information than conventional red, green, and blue (RGB) images. Although RGB images consist of red, green, and blue wavebands, the obtained hyperspectral images consist of 240 wavebands of spectral information. Hyperspectral imaging is expected to provide powerful technology for agricultural sensing. In the initial step of this study, the image pixels of the plants (crop or weeds) were segmented from the background soil surface using Euclidean distance as the discriminant function. In the next step, the image pixels of the crop (sugarbeet) and weeds (four species) were classified using the difference in the spectral characteristics of the plant species. In this process, classification variables were generated using wavelet transformation for data compression, noise reduction, and feature extraction, and then stepwise linear discriminant analysis was applied. The validation results indicate that the developed classification method has potential for practical use. 相似文献
16.
When probit methods are used to estimate the toxicity of fumigants or insecticides to a stored product species, it is desirable to use several doses of poison over a similar time range of at least seven periods. Then the validity of the concentration × time (ct) principle can be examined. In each experiment, either the populations must be homogeneous or, if insecticide resistance is suspected, the nature of the heterogeneity should be known. The individuals must be shared between doses in a manner that guarantees randomisation. The experimental results must be examined for evidence of curvature of probit lines, especially if these lines are to be used as a guide to the practical doses required to eradicate a population. In these circumstances, all survivors from the higher doses should be kept and their ability to produce offspring examined, because the adverse influence of poisoning is often revealed in some later stage of the life cycle. 相似文献
17.
ABSTRACT Dothistroma needle blight is a serious foliar disease in Australian Pinus radiata plantations causing defoliation, decreased productivity and, in extreme cases, tree death. Conventional methods of monitoring forest health such as aerial survey and ground assessments are labor intensive, time consuming, and subjective. Remote sensing provides a synoptic view of the canopy and can indicate areas affected by damaging agents such as pests and pathogens. Hyperspectral airborne remote sensing imagery (CASI-2) was acquired over pine stands in southern New South Wales, Australia which had been ground assessed and ranked on an individual tree basis, according to the extent of Dothistroma needle blight. A series of spectral indices were tested using two different approaches for extracting crown-scale reflectance measurements and relating these to ground-based estimates of severity. Dothistroma needle blight is most severe in the lower crown and statistically significant relationships were found between crown reflectance values and ground estimates using a 'halo' approach (which ignored each tree crown's brightest central pixels). Independent accuracy assessment of the method indicated that the technique could successfully detect three levels of Dothistroma needle blight infection with an accuracy of over 70%. 相似文献
18.
R. M. Nair M. Götz S. Winter R. R. Giri V. N. Boddepalli A. Sirari T. S. Bains G. K. Taggar H. K. Dikshit M. Aski M. Boopathi D. Swain A. Rathore V. Anil Kumar E. C. Lii L. Kenyon 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(2):349-364
The segmentation of symptoms during image analysis of diseased plant leaves is an essential process for detection and classification of diseases. However, there are challenges involved in the task, many of them related to the variability of image and host/symptom characteristics and conditions. As a result of those challenges, the methods proposed in the literature so far focus on a specific problem and are usually bounded by tight constraints regarding image capture conditions. This research explores a new automatic method for segmenting disease symptoms on plant leaves that was designed to be applicable in a wide range of situations. The proposed technique employs only color channel manipulations and Boolean operations applied on binary masks, thus being simpler and more robust compared to many previously described automatic methods. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by tests performed over a large database containing images of 77 different diseases of 11 plant species. A comparison with manual segmentation is also presented, further reinforcing the advantages of the proposed approach. 相似文献
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河北坝上地区土地利用/覆盖遥感动态监测 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
以两期TM遥感图像为数据源,在遥感图像处理和地理信息系统技术的支持下,获取了坝上地区1987-1999年的土地利用/覆盖变化信息。结果表明:12 a间,增加的面积是居民地、林地、高覆盖度草地和耕地;减少的面积是沙盐碱地、水体和低覆盖度草地。研究区的沙盐碱地面积从1985.89 km2减少到1250.75 km2,减少了37.02％,年动态度为-3.08％。坝上东部沙漠化得到遏制,而西部张北、康保一带沙盐碱化土地有所扩展。研究成果为合理准确分析坝上地区的土地沙化成因机制及环境变化趋势提供了有效的数据支持,同时为政府制定改善坝上地区生态环境的措施提供有力的决策支持。 相似文献
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Robert D. Possee P. Jane Cayley Jenny S. Cory David H. L. Bishop 《Pest management science》1993,39(2):109-115
Baculoviruses are natural pathogens of insects which have been used as biopesticides. In contrast to many chemical agents, baculoviruses affect only a limited number of insects and so can be used to target particular insect species. Unfortunately, unless the host receives a very high virus dose, the insect continues to feed and causes damage to crops, because the virus takes several days to kill it. This lag is unacceptable in the protection of many crops, especially where cosmetic damage seriously reduces the value of a crop (e.g. fruit). Strategies have been devised recently to circumvent this problem. The baculovirus genome has been modified, using genetic engineering techniques, to incorporate foreign genes encoding insect-specific toxins, or hormones or enzymes. Expression of some of these genes in the virus-infected host insect has been shown to reduce both the feeding damage to crop plants and the time taken to kill the insect pest. The current status of this developing field is described, together with an assessment of the possible risks involved in using such genetically modified agents in the environment. 相似文献