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枫香是我国的乡土树种,具有生长快,适应性广,耐干旱瘠薄土壤,天然更新容易等特点.枫香在次生林中常为优势树种,人工造林可与松、杉、毛竹等树种混交.为大力发展枫香造林,丰富我国造林树种,改善林地生态环境,调整林树种结构,促进祁门林业可持续发展,1996年～2003年,祁门县林业局与南京林业大学联合开展<枫香多目标育种及栽培技术研究>,经过多年的共同努力,完成了枫香优树选择、苗期子代测定及子代林营建、常规造林等工作,尤其在营造大面积工业原料林时,苗木选用、整地规格以及造林密度均严格要求,取得了很好经济、社会和生态效益. 相似文献
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枫香是我国的乡土树种,具有生长快,适应性广,耐干旱瘠薄土壤,天然更新容易等特点。枫香在次生林中常为优势树种,人工造林可与松、杉、毛竹等树种混交。为大力发展枫香造林,丰富我国造林树种,改善林地生态环境,调整林树种结构,促进祁 相似文献
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枫香人工造林技术与效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
枫香是更新造林的先锋树种与优势树种。研究总结了千岛湖区枫香育苗、造林的各个环节技术措施 ,提出了枫香苗木的质量标准 ,认为枫香及其混交林在千岛湖区具有广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
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对广东省连平县在生态公益林建设中常用的乡土树种生长情况进行了调查,并对带内人工造林树种和带间天然留存树种的造林效果进行了综合分析。结果显示：在人工铲带保留带间天然阔叶树种的造林方式下,带内人工造林的4种常用的乡土树种生长对比,酸枣生长最快,红锥次之,再次为火力楠,荷木生长较慢。此外,林分中存有大量天然起源的山鸟柏、樟树、米锥、枫香等树种,其中山乌桕、樟树和米锥的数量较多,且生长表现较好。总体造林效果良好,形成了以乡土树种为主的乔木层达到了郁闷状态,林内生物多样性保护完好,灌木层生长稳定,初步形成了较稳定的复层结构。 相似文献
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山区坡耕地还林宜选树种南酸枣 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确保实施退耕还林成效,实现林业工程建设目标,选择合适的造林树种是关键因素之一.祁门县从众多的乡土树种中筛选出了南酸枣、枫香、光皮桦等适合退耕还林的优良速生树种,其中以南酸枣适应性广、生长快、生态功能强,易为林农接受,宜推广为皖南山区坡耕地造林的可选树种. 相似文献
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<正>安徽省旌德地区人工造林树种主要以杉木、马尾松等针叶树种为主。造林树种单一,使得林区针叶化明显,树种结构不合理,不仅难以满足国民经济建设对木材多方面的需求,而且还引起林地生境恶化,林地肥力下降等系列生态问题。1994年以来,旌德县蔡家桥林场开展了枫香苗木培育造林研究,基本掌握 相似文献
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通过对乌兰察布盟现有人工造林树种分布及其适应性的研究，根据气候、土壤等因子，综合判定各树种适应范围，从而解决人工造林适地适树问题，并以此为基础对原有林业区划进行修订。 相似文献
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A major problem for small farmers in the semi-arid tropics is the chronic shortage of fodder for draft animals. Leucaena leucocephala has improved productivity in many places in India and in various cropping systems, usually as either a pure crop or in a
hedgerow alley-cropping configuration. Mixed cropping with arboreal forms is seldom seen. For off-season fodder production,
hedgerows have the disadvantage of being open to unmanaged browsing when unfenced (as is usual). Arboreal forms are generally
far less vulnerable.
In this paper, the components of production of sorghum and arboreal Leucaena are measured under different intensities of canopy lopping. The most productive management system of those examined was pollarding
of the Leucaena at the time of under-sowing with sorghum. In a year with less than 50% of average seasonal rainfall, this system gave a yield
of 4.6 tonnes/ha/yr fresh wt fodder and 3.8 tonnes/ha/yr dry wt. of fuel harvests, while increasing the standing crop of wood
by 1.8 t/ha/yr and retaining a yield of sorghum grain equivalent to 46% of pure sorghum cropping; the LER of this system was
1.35.
Cash values of the alternative management systems were estimated, including the discounted Net Present Value of the standing
crop of timber. Maximum value was attained with unlopped pure crop Leucaena followed by pollarded Leucaena with sorghum; pure crop sorghum achieved a lower value.
These results demonstrate both the high productivity of Leucaena/sorghum based systems, and the stability of production even in poor rainfall conditions. Pollarding transferred the high
future value of Leucaena timber to the present value of sorghum grain and fuelwood. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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The olive psyllid, Euphyllura phillyreae Foerster is one of the most destructive pests on buds and flowers of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) in May when the olive growers cannot apply any insecticides against the pest. Temperature-dependent development of the
psyllid was studied at constant temperatures ranged 16–26°C. A degree-day (DD) model was developed to predict the larval emergence
using the weekly cumulative larval counts and daily mean temperatures. Linear regression analysis estimated a lower developmental
threshold of 4.1 and 4.3°C and a thermal constant of 164.17 and 466.13 DD for development of egg and larva, respectively.
The cumulative larval counts of E. phillyreae approximated by probit transformation were plotted against time, expressed as the sum of DD above 4.3°C, the starting date
when the olive tree phenology was the period of flower cluster initiation. A linear model was used to describe the relationship
of DDs and probit values of larval emergence patterns of E. phillyreae and predicted that 10, 50 and 95% emergence of the larvae required 235.81, 360.22 and 519.93 DD, respectively, with errors
of 1–3 days compared to observed values. Based on biofix depends the development of olive tree phenology; the DD model can
be used as a forecasting method for proper timing of insecticide applications against E. phillyreae larvae in olive groves. 相似文献
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竹类是一类具特殊生长习性与生长型的植物,其分布范围广泛、有性生殖脆弱而无性繁殖发达,易于受到人为和自然因素的影响而沦为小种群或濒危物种。本文从小种群近交危害与集合种群上分析了竹类种质保护的适度思想,即适宜的局域种群与集合种群结构度是优化竹类野生种质保护的重要依据;并从区域相对封闭生态系统结构度与竹类种质稳定性上分析了野生种质适度保护的策略;最后从加强竹类种质种群生态学特征的编目清查、自然野生栖息地就地保护、竹类种质保存圃建立与完善,以及竹类原料林的定向培育4方面阐述了竹类种质的适度保护体系。 相似文献
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Eugenol and thymol, alone or in combination, induce morphological alterations in the envelope of Candida albicans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The envelope of Candida albicans, with its outermost array of macromolecules protruding towards the environment, is pivotal to the expression of major virulence factors such as adhesiveness, and the morphological transition to hyphal form. We tested the anticandidal activity of eugenol, main component of clove oil, and thymol, main component of thyme oil, alone or in combination, by investigating their ability to interfere with the architecture of the envelope of C. albicans. Both molecules alterated the morphogenesis of the envelope, but the effects of thymol were more pronounced than those of eugenol. Certain combinations of the two molecules led to a synergistic effect, which is interesting in the view of potentiating their inhibition of C. albicans colonisation and infectiousness. 相似文献
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Trees and shrubs as sources of fodder in Australia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
E. C. Lefroy P. R. Dann J. H. Wildin R. N. Wesley-Smith A. A. McGowan 《Agroforestry Systems》1992,20(1-2):117-139
Experience with browse plants in Australia is briefly reviewed in terms of their forage value to animals, their economic value to the landholder and their ecological contribution to landscape stability. Of the cultivated species only two have achieved any degree of commercial acceptance (Leucaena leucocephala and Chamaecytisus palmensis). Both of these are of sufficiently high forage value to be used as the sole source of feed during seasonal periods of nutritional shortage. Both are also leguminous shrubs that establish readily from seed. It is suggested that a limitation in their present use is the reliance on stands of single species which leaves these grazing systems vulnerable to disease and insects. Grazing systems so far developed for high production and persistence of cultivated species involve short periods of intense grazing followed by long periods of recovery. Similar management may be necessary in the arid and semi-arid rangelands where palatable browse species are in decline. 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2-3):133-146
Abstract A sustainable use of forests may be conceived of differently by different scientific disciplines. An underlying definition of sustainability is therefore central to the understanding of any analysis on the subject. This paper approaches the idea of sustainability from an economic perspective. The interpretation of sustainability in terms of concepts such as efficiency, equity and welfare are initially described. Empirical research aiming at obtaining basic elements of economic sustainability analyses is subsequently outlined. Finally, the implications for applied welfare and sustainability analysis at different economic and geographical levels of aggregation are discussed 相似文献