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1.
与有机物质的分解相关的还原作用对红壤磁性质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Five soils derived from different parent materials were sampled from red soil region of southern China and studied by magnetic methodology to understand to what extent iron reduction would affect soil magnetic properties and how iron reduction would affect the magnetic minerals in soils.Reduction associated with organic matter decomposition strongly affected soil magnetic parameters at low pH.The losses of original soil magnetic signals in terms of magnetic susceptibility(χ),‘Soft’ isothermal remanent magnetization (‘Soft’ IRM),anhysteretic remanent magnetization(ARM) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization(SIRM) at pH 4-6 during the two-month saturation treatment,were 66%-94%,54%-90%,64%-95% and 33%-83%,respectively.These changes were interpreted as a consequence of substantial dissolution of maghaemite and haematite in the soils.At pH 10,however,there was no significant magnetic change observed.Moreover,stable single domain soil maghaemite grains were also sensitive to reduction,which suggested that both pedogenic and detrital maghaemite were not stable in acid and reducing environments.Goethite,instead,was the most stable iron form under reducing conditions. 相似文献
2.
Decomposition experiments of ^14C-labelled sickle alfalfa in chao soils of different texture and these soils after removal of CaCO3 were carried out under field and laboratory conditions respectively.The amount of residual ^14C in,or ^14CO2 evolved from,the soils at intervals after the beginning of devomposition were measured and the distribution of native and labelled C between particle size fractions isolated from these soils was edtermined.Results showed that contents of both labelled (^14C) and non-labelled (^12C) carbon decreased with increasing particle size.The enrichment factor for ^14C was higher than that for ^12C in the clay fraction,the reverse being true for the silt enrichment factors.The effect of soil texture on the decomposition of plant material could not be observed in chao soils when the clay content was lower than 270g kg^-1,while it became obvious once CaCO3 was removed was correlated from these soils.The decomposition rate of plant material in the soil from which the native CaCO3 Was removed was correlated significantly to both the clay content of the soil and the application rate of CaCO3.A preliminary correction equation describing the effect of clay and CaCO3 on the decomposition of organic material in chao soil was derived from the results obtained. 相似文献
3.
伊朗中部伊斯法罕地区土地利用对石灰性土壤磁性质和重金属的空间分布的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Anthropogenic activities have caused the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil environment. Pollution of the soils significantly reduces environmental quality and affects human health. In many recent studies, magnetic susceptibility measurements have been used for pollution monitoring. The objective of this research was to determine the spatial variability of magnetic properties and selected heavy metals and the effects of land use on their variability in the surface soils of the Isfahan region, Central Iran. A total of 158 composite surface (0-5 cm) samples of calcareous soils were collected from an area of about 700 km2, located along a cross-border transect from Isfahan City to a steel plant, covering urban, industrial, agricultural and uncultivated land uses. Concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and cobalt (Co) and magnetic parameters, magnetic susceptibility at low frequency (χlf), natural remanent magnetization (NRM), saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), and isothermal remanent magnetization at the field of 100 mT (IRM100mT) and the backfield of 100 mT (IRM-100mT), were measured in all the soil samples. Results showed that magnetic susceptibility in the urban and industrial land topsoils (0--5 cm) samples was significantly higher than that in the agricultural and uncultivated land soils in the study area. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Fe were positively correlated with magnetic properties (χlf, IRM100mT, SIRM, IRM-100mT, and NRM), which could be attributed to their inputs from traffic emissions and industrial activities at the study sites. Ni and Cr concentrations showed significant negative correlations with magnetic properties. No significant correlation was found between Co concentration and magnetic parameters. The Tomlinson pollution load index (PLI) showed significant correlation with the magnetic properties (χlf, IRM100mT, SIRM, IRM-100mT, and NRM). The spatial distribution of the selected heavy metals and χlf in the study area suggested that activities at the urban and industrial land sites caused greater pollution as compared to that at the study sites of other land uses. The concentrations of Cu and Zn seemed to have been affected by anthropogenic sources, whereas Ni, Cr, and Co were mainly controlled by natural sources in the study area. Moreover, the concentrations of soil Pb and Fe in the study area could be affected by both lithologic and anthropogenic sources. The magnetic parameters appeared to be a proxy measure for the degree of heavy metal contamination and could be a potential method for the detection and mapping of contaminated soils. 相似文献
4.
The leaching characteristics and the element concentration in soil solution of red soils derived from sandstone,granite,Quaternary red clay and basalt have been studied in the Red Earth Ecological Experimental Station,Academia Sinica,using 12 lysimeters.Results obtained show that the element leaching process of red soils occurs mainly from January to the beginning of July annually.The elements with higher concentration in leaching solution of red soils are Si,Ca,Na,K,Mg,and N.The desilication and the leaching process of base cations occur simultaneously in the red soils.Using the first order differential equation and measured parameters of Si leaching,the leaching models of Si for red soils derived from different parent materials are constructed.The leaching process of Si is simulated with the models.Both the absolute and relative ages of red soils derived from different parent materials are discussed based on the simulation result.On the basis of element leaching,composition of soil solution and thermodynamics,the current soil-forming process is discussed.According to the phase diagram,the kaolinization is prevailing in the current formation of different red soils. 相似文献
5.
上海地区水稻土氮素矿化模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Three types of paddy soils, derived from granite, Quaternary red clay and basalt, respectively, were selected to study the effects of Fe and Mn in paddy soils on methane production and emission through pot and incubation experiments. The results indicated that the difference of Fe and Mn in paddy soils was one of the important factors causing obvious differences in methane emission from different soil types. Soil Fe and Mn affecting methane emission from the paddy soils was likely through affecting soil Eh and forming Fe and Mn plaques on rice roots. Different rates and valences of added Fe and Mn significantly affected methane production from paddy soils. Therefore, this study enhanced understanding of processes controlling methane emission from paddy soils and may help to improve modeling and estimating regional and global methane emission from paddy soils. 相似文献
6.
The stability of aggregates in the surface soil is crucial to soil erosion and runoff generation. Thus, to understand the stability and the breakdown mechanisms of soil aggregates as well as the relationship between aggregate stability and selected soil chemical properties, such as different forms of Fe and A1 oxides, organic matter, CEC and clay content, the aggregates of slightly and severely eroded red soils derived from Quaternary red clay in subtropical China were analyzed using the routine wet sieving and the Le Bissonnais methods. The results indicated that the aggregates of the severely eroded soils were more stable than those of the slightly eroded soils. Different aggregate breakdown mechanisms resulted in different particle size distribution. The slaking from entrapped air in aggregates severely destroyed the soil aggregates,especially in the slightly eroded soils. Meanwhile, mechanical breakdown and microcracking had little effect on the aggregates compared to slaking. The fragments resulting from slaking were mainly microaggregates that increased in size with increasing clay content. The main fragment size of the slightly eroded soils was 1.0-0.2 mm, while for the severely eroded soils it was 5.0-2.0 mm and 1.0-0.5 mm. Overall, more than 20% of the fragments were smaller than 0.2 mm.In addition, aggregate stability was positively and often significantly correlated with Fed, Ald, Feo and clay content, but significantly and negatively correlated to SOC. 相似文献
7.
中国亚热带红壤团聚体稳定性与土壤化学性质的关系 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
The stability of aggregates in the surface soil is crucial to soil erosion and runoff generation. Thus, to understand the stability and the breakdown mechanisms of soil aggregates as well as the relationship between aggregate stability and selected soil chemical properties, such as different forms of Fe and Al oxides, organic matter, CEC and clay content, the aggregates of slightly and severely eroded red soils derived from Quaternary red clay in subtropical China were analyzed using the routine wet sieving and the Le Bissonnais methods. The results indicated that the aggregates of the severely eroded soils were more stable than those of the slightly eroded soils. Different aggregate breakdown mechanisms resulted in different particle size distribution. The slaking from entrapped air in aggregates severely destroyed the soil aggregates, especially in the slightly eroded soils. Meanwhile, mechanical breakdown and microcracking had little effect on the aggregates compared to slaking. The fragments resulting from slaking were mainly microaggregates that increased in size with increasing clay content. The main fragment size of the slightly eroded soils was 1.0-0.2 mm, while for the severely eroded soils it was 5.0-2.0 mm and 1.0-0.5 mm. Overall, more than 20% of the fragments were smaller than 0.2 mm. In addition, aggregate stability was positively and often significantly correlated with Fed, Ald, Feo and clay content, but significantly and negatively correlated to SOC. 相似文献
8.
利用方式和土壤肥力对土壤团聚体和养分的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
LIU Xiao-Li HE Yuan-Qiu H. L. ZHANG J. K. SCHRODER LI Cheng-Liang ZHOU Jing ZHANG Zhi-Yong 《土壤圈》2010,20(5):666-673
The size distribution of water-stable aggregates and the variability of organic C, N and P contents over aggregate size fractions were studied for orchard, upland, paddy, and grassland soils with high, medium, and low fertility levels. The results showed that > 5 mm aggregates in the cultivated upland and paddy soils were 44.0% and 32.0%, respectively, less than those in the un-tilled orchard soil. Organic C and soil N in different size aggregate fractions in orchard soil with high fertility were significantly higher than those of other land uses. However, the contents of soil P in different size aggregates were significantly greater in the paddy soil as compared to the other land uses. Soil organic C, N and P contents were higher in larger aggregates than those in smaller ones. The amount of water-stable aggregates was positively correlated to their contribution to soil organic C, N and P. For orchard and grassland soils, the > 5 mm aggregates made the greatest contribution to soil nutrients, while for upland soil, the 0.25-0.053 mm aggregates contributed the most to soil nutrients. Therefore, the land use with minimum disturbance was beneficial for the formation of a better soil structure. The dominant soil aggregates in different land use types determined the distribution of soil nutrients. Utilization efficiency of soil P could be improved by converting other land uses to the paddy soil. 相似文献
9.
长期有机无机肥配施对土壤水稳性团聚体酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The activities of invertase, protease, urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, and catalase in different fractions of waterstable aggregates (WSA) were examined in long-term (26 years) fertilised soils. The long-term application of organic manure (OM) with chemical fertiliser (CF) significantly increased macroaggregate and decreased microaggregate percentages, enhanced the mean weight diameter, and significantly increased soil total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents of WSA in different size fractions. Combined fertilisation with OM and CF also increased invertase, protease, urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, and catalase activities of WSA in different size fractions. Enzyme activities were higher in macroaggregates than in microaggregates. The distribution of enzyme activities generally followed the distribution of TC and TN in WSA. The geometric mean of the enzyme activities in different WSA of OM-treated soils was significantly higher than that in soils treated with 100% CF or no fertiliser. The results indicated that the long-term combined application of OM with CF increased the aggregate stability and enzyme activity of different WSA sizes, and consequently, improved soil physical structure and increased soil microbial activity. 相似文献
10.
生物炭碳固定于稳定性土壤团聚体中：土壤黏土矿物及其它土壤性质的作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Charlene N. KELLY Joseph BENJAMIN Francisco C. CALDERÓN Maysoon M. MIKHA David W. RUTHERFORD Colleen E. ROSTAD 《土壤圈》2017,27(4):694-704
Aggregation and structure play key roles in water-holding capacity and stability of soils.In this study,the incorporation of carbon(C) from switchgrass biochar into stable aggregate size fractions was assessed in an Aridisol(from Colorado,USA) dominated by 2:1 clays and an Alfisol(from Virginia,USA) containing weathered mixed 1:1 and 2:1 mineralogy,to evaluate the effect of biochar addition on soil characteristics.The biochar was applied at 4 levels,0,25,50,and 100 g kg~(-1),to the soils grown with wheat in a growth chamber experiment.The changes in soil strength and water-holding capacity using water release curves were measured.In the Colorado soil,the proportion of soil occurring in large aggregates decreased,with concomitant increases in small size fractions.No changes in aggregate size fractions occurred in the Virginia soil.In the Colorado soil,C content increased from 3.3 to 16.8 g kg~(-1),whereas in the53 μm fraction C content increased from 5.7 to 22.6 g kg~(-1) with 100 g kg~(-1)biochar addition.In the Virginia soil,C content within aggregate size fractions increased for each size fraction,except the2 000 μm fraction.The greatest increase(from 6.2 to 22.0 g kg~(-1)) occurred in the 53–250 μm fraction.The results indicated that C was incorporated into larger aggregates in the Virginia soil,but remained largely unassociated to soil particles in the Colorado soil.Biochar addition had no significant effect on water-holding capacity or strength measurements.Adding biochar to more weathered soils with high native soil organic content may result in greater stabilization of incorporated C and result in less loss because of erosion and transport,compared with the soils dominated by 2:1 clays and low native soil organic content. 相似文献
11.
对新疆伊犁新垦区几种不同土地利用方式下土壤磁化率参数及其与土壤有机质、粒度特征关系进行分析,结果表明:不同土地利用方式下土壤剖面的质量磁化率差异明显,杨树林地、农田林带边荒草地、杏林地与农田(几种油葵地)和干旱草场相比,土壤质量磁化率明显偏低;土壤质量磁化率与土壤有机质、粘粒、粉粒含量成负相关,不同土地利用方式相关系数差别较大,与土壤沙粒含量大多呈较好正相关.土壤频率磁化率与有机质、粘粒含量呈现较好正相关,个别达到极显著水平,与土壤粉粒含量呈不明显正相关;与土壤沙粒含量呈较好负相关. 相似文献
12.
降雨过程中红壤表土结构变化与侵蚀产沙关系 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
通过人工模拟降雨和表土微形态观测,研究了发育于泥质页岩、第四纪红粘土和花岗岩3种母质的红壤在降雨侵蚀过程中表土土壤结构的变化及其对侵蚀的影响。结果表明:降雨过程中,泥质页岩红壤极易形成土壤结皮,增加径流,响应结皮的形成,径流速率和含沙量较高,且迅速达到最大值,随后径流稳定而含沙量持续下降。第四纪红粘土红壤团聚体稳定,较难形成结皮,且结皮易被破坏,导致侵蚀过程中产流产沙量较低,均随降雨时间的延长而呈缓慢上升趋势。花岗岩红壤基本上不能产生结皮,粗化现象严重,因此产流量和产沙量也较低;由于土壤团聚体稳定性差以及径流的选择性运移,泥质页岩红壤和花岗岩红壤侵蚀泥沙中细颗粒(<0.02mm)含量远高于土壤中该粒径颗粒。而第四纪红壤侵蚀泥沙中粗颗粒较多,以多级团聚体的团聚体为主。 相似文献
13.
澧阳平原杉龙岗遗址埋藏古水稻土磁性矿物特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明埋藏古水稻土磁性矿物特征,采用环境磁学方法研究了澧阳平原杉龙岗遗址埋藏古水稻土的磁性矿物含量、组成和粒度。结果表明,埋藏古水稻土的磁化率平均值为6.2×10~(–8) m~3/kg,饱和等温剩磁平均值为16 338×10~(–5)Am~2/kg,软剩磁平均值为773×10~(–5)Am~2/kg,退磁参数S300平均值为72%。埋藏古水稻土亚铁磁性和不完全反铁磁性矿物含量随土层深度增加不断降低,其含量均低于现代耕作水稻土层;埋藏古水稻土磁化率主要来源于亚铁磁性矿物和不完全反铁磁性矿物,且亚铁磁性矿物占相对主导地位;相对于现代耕作水稻土层,埋藏古水稻土层中磁性矿物以较粗的磁铁矿颗粒为主。 相似文献
14.
磁性参数在红壤退化评价指标中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择浙西金华地区兰溪实验观测站六种不同退化程度的红壤为研究对象 ,分析了反映红壤退化程度的物理、化学和生物指标及红壤磁测参数与它们之间的内在联系。结果表明 ,磁性参数与反映红壤退化程度的理化及生物指标均有显著或较显著的相关性。退化程度较轻的香樟林和混交林表现了较低的细晶粒磁性矿物含量和较高的反铁磁性矿物含量 ,退化程度较高的杉木林、桔园、草地则相反 ,细晶粒磁性矿物含量较高且亚铁磁性矿物的相对含量上升。磁性参数和土壤理化生物指标之间良好的相关性表明 ,磁性参数可以作为指示红壤退化程度的重要指标。 相似文献
15.
Purpose
Identifying the spatial distribution and degree of heavy metal contamination in the soils is required for urban environmental management. Magnetic measurement provides a rapid means of determining spatial distribution and degree of soil pollution and identifying various anthropogenic sources of heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to characterize the magnetic signature of heavy metal contamination and identify the sources of heavy metals in urban soils from steel industrial city.Materials and methods
A total of 115 urban topsoils from Anshan city, Northeast China, were collected and determined for magnetic properties and heavy metal concentration. Magnetic susceptibility (χlf) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) were determined as proxy for ferrimagnetic mineral concentration. Magnetic minerals were identified by using Curie temperature, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The Pearson’ correlation and matrix cluster analyses were used to establish the relationship between magnetic parameters and heavy metal concentrations.Results and discussion
Urban topsoils exhibit characteristic magnetic enhancement. The magnetic measurement in particle size fractions indicates that 50–2 μm fraction has the highest low-field magnetic susceptibility (χlf), while <2 μm has the highest frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility (χfd) value. The soil χlf and SIRM values are significantly correlated with the contents of metals (Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr) and Tomlinson pollution load index (PLI), which indicates that χlf and SIRM could be served as better indicators for the pollution of heavy metals in the urban topsoil. Spatial distribution maps of χlf, SIRM, and PLI indicate that the pollution hotspots tend to associate with the regions within and close to steel industrial zones. XRD and Curie temperature analyses indicate that the main magnetic minerals of urban topsoils are magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (α-Fe2O3), and metallic iron. Magnetic minerals mostly occur in the pseudo-single-domain/multidomain (PSD/MD) grain size range, which is the dominant contributor to the magnetic enhancement of topsoils. SEM observation reveals that magnetic particles in soils exist in irregular-shaped particles and spherule. Results reveal that heavy metals from industrially derived and traffic emissions coexist with coarse-grained magnetic phases.Conclusions
It is concluded that the magnetic measurement could be regarded as a proxy tool to detect the level of heavy metal pollution and identify the source of heavy metals in urban soils. Magnetic properties provide a fast and inexpensive method to map the spatial distribution of long-term pollution from steel industrial origin on region scale.16.
上海市杨浦区表土重金属污染的磁学响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]揭示上海市杨浦区土壤重金属污染情况,为环境磁学在城市表土重金属污染的应用提供科学依据。[方法]结合磁学方法与传统化学方法,对杨浦区5个功能区内的17个表土样品进行磁学特征和重金属浓度的分析。[结果]杨浦区表土磁化率值平均值为2.42×10~(-6) m~3/kg,磁性特征以低矫顽力的亚铁磁性矿物为主导,颗粒较粗。除频率磁化率外,磁学参数整体呈现工业区与交通区值较高的特点;重金属Zn,Pb,Cu,Cr浓度值高于背景值,且高值集中在工业区、交通区、居住区,污染负荷指数(PLI)的值为1.962,属于轻度污染。除工业区外,各功能区之间重金属含量与磁学参数的相关性较好(p0.05),磁化率(χlf)、饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)、硬剩磁(HIRM)对杨浦区表土重金属含量有良好的指示作用。[结论]环境磁学方法可以快速简便地提供城市污染信息。 相似文献
17.
红壤经水耕熟化作用后各粒级磁化率大幅度下降，粒级间磁化率差异变小，分布曲线趋于平缓。母质对各粒级磁化率的分布曲线的形状影响颇大。铁子、假砂和铁质岩屑之含量决定着粗砂粒级（０．２５～１ｍｍ）的磁化率大小 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1-2):1-11
Abstract This paper reports the use of mineral magnetic measurement techniques to characterize the iron oxide assemblage within soils of varying parent material type and water regime from subtropical region in Zhejiang Province, China. Results show that dryland soils formed on Quaternary red clay, limestone, arenaceous shale, and diluvium, exhibit a distinct ferrimagnetic profile with a magnetic susceptibility (χ) enhancement in surface horizon. This enhancement is interpreted as being due to pedogenic superparamagnetic (SP) ferrimagnetic grains, which is supported by a higher frequency dependent susceptibility (χfd) values. The χ and χfd have highly significant positive linear relationship with dithionite‐citrate‐bicarbonate (DCB) extractable iron (Fed) content. The upper horizon of paddy soil has extremely lower χ and χfd values than dryland soils formed on the same parent material. Soil with poorly‐drained condition has distinctly lower absolute χ and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) value than associated well‐drained soil. It indicates that reduction state is an important factor responsible for loss of SP ferrimagnetic minerals in soils. 相似文献
19.
Stefan Dultz 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2000,163(3):299-305
The potassium (K) content of soils developed from Pleistocene calcareous till, glacial sand and loess in NW Germany was investigated in order to characterize stores of K in feldspars (Kfeldspar) and mica/illite (Kmica/illite) as well as changes as a function of soil depth. From each horizon, up to seven sand, six silt and three clay fractions were separated. Kfeldspar and Kmica/illite were quantified by means of chemical composition and estimation by IR‐spectroscopy. On account of distinct differences in mineralogical composition between different particle size fractions, K‐content of the bulk soil < 2000 μm and the proportion of Kmica/illite and Kfeldspar are clearly related to grain size distribution of the sample. Generally, the K‐content of particle size fractions of a soil derived from calcareous till is significantly higher than that of a soil from glacial sands. Kmica/illite of clay and silt fractions increases with depth, reflecting greater mica/illite weathering at the soil surface, whereas Kfeldspar shows no noticeable change. Illite accumulates by lessivage in Bt horizons. On a whole‐soil basis, the Bt horizons of Luvisols derived from loess and calcareous till contain more Kmica/illite than either the A or the C horizons. By comparing the K‐content in the different particle size fractions with soil depth, the highest rate of change is found for soils derived from glacial sand. Gains in K in the silt fractions of soils from calcareous till and glacial sand result from weathering of feldspar sand grains. Additionally, decomposition of feldspar‐containing rock fragments of gravel size, and aeolian sedimentation, may also have contributed to these gains. 相似文献