首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
One hundred eighty B-mode ultrasound examinations of the brain were performed in 34 neonatal dogs from six litters using the bregmatic fontanelle to provide an acoustic window. One image from a hydrocephalic neonate of another litter was included for comparison. Histologic verification of anatomic structures was done in 19 of the 34 subjects. Imaging of 15 additional animals indicated the bregmatic fontanelle could serve as a sonographic window during the first three to four weeks after birth. Measured values of the largest lateral ventricle with a normal histologic evaluation were: lateral ventricular height = 0.15 cm, ventricle-hemisphere ratio = 0.09, and ventricle-mantle ratio = 0.15. A Beagle neonate without histologic analysis had a lateral ventricular height of 0.31 cm, a ventricle-hemisphere ratio of 0.19 and a ventricle-mantle ratio of 0.19.  相似文献   

2.
Hydrocephalus is one of the most common central nervous system malformations in domestic dogs, yet they are poorly documented and studied in wild carnivoran mammals. A pup of raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) was rescued and brought to Wildlife Center. The pup showed generalized ataxia, a domed skull, and an open bregmatic fontanelle. Ultrasound and MRI showed severe enlargement of the lateral ventricle with the loss of septum pellucidum resulting in a single large ventricle and cervical syringohydromyelia. Although treatment was attempted, the animal was euthanized due to poor prognosis. At necropsy, macroscopic findings were identical to the diagnostic imaging, where marked enlargement of the calvarium, and attenuated gyri and sulci were observed. Finally, hydrocephalus was confirmed. Here, we describe a case of hydrocephalus in a raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides).  相似文献   

3.
以宁夏荒漠草原自然恢复的围封草地为对象,通过野外调查和室内分析,研究了未封育、封育3、5、7和10年的草地总有机碳及其在土壤剖面和不同粒级团聚体中的分布。结果表明,土壤有机碳含量随封育年限的增加呈波动性增加,除0~5 cm土层外,各土层有机碳含量以封育7年、10年的草地较高;就有机碳在不同粒径团聚体中的分布看,0~10 cm表层土壤以封育3年及未封育草地各粒级团聚体有机碳含量较高,而10~40 cm土层各粒级团聚体有机碳随封育年限的延长呈增加趋势,各土层团聚体有机碳含量均以1~0.5 mm与0.5~0.25 mm粒级较高;各粒级团聚体对有机碳的贡献率在0~10 cm表层以<0.25 mm微团聚体最高,10~20 cm土层以>5 mm粒级和<0.25 mm粒级较高,20~40 cm土层以>5 mm粒级最高。综上所述,封育有利于荒漠草原土壤有机碳的固存,退化荒漠草原生态环境恢复在封育7年时出现转折;随土层的加深,团聚体有机碳贡献率对封育的响应减弱,且大团聚体对全土有机碳的贡献率逐渐增大。  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of adult cat serum as an immunoglobulin supplement in kittens with failure of passive transfer. DESIGN: Randomized controlled study. ANIMALS: 11 specific pathogen-free queens and their 43 kittens. PROCEDURE: Kittens were removed from the queens at birth, prior to suckling colostrum, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: colostrum-deprived, colostrum-fed, colostrum-deprived and administration of pooled adult cat serum i.p., and colostrum-deprived and administration of pooled adult serum s.c.. Colostrum-fed kittens were returned to the queen and allowed to suckle normally. Colostrum-deprived kittens were isolated from the queen and fed a kitten milk replacer for 2 days to prevent absorption of colostral IgG. All colostrum-deprived kittens were returned to the queen on day 3. Serum IgG concentrations were measured by radial immunodiffusion in the kittens at birth and 2 days and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after birth. RESULTS: None of the kittens had detectable serum IgG at birth. Both i.p. and s.c. administration of adult cat serum resulted in peak serum IgG concentrations equivalent to those in kittens that suckled normally. Untreated colostrum-deprived kittens did not achieve serum IgG concentrations comparable to those for kittens in the other groups until 6 weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that adult cat serum may be used as an immunoglobulin supplement in colostrum-deprived kittens. Although the minimum concentration of IgG necessary to protect kittens from infection is unknown, concentrations achieved were comparable to those in kittens that suckled normally.  相似文献   

5.
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in a sample of domestic cats in Perth and the knowledge of their owners about the control and potential for zoonotic transmission of these parasites. Faecal samples (418), collected from cats originating from five sources, were examined by microscopy and questionnaires administered to cat owners. Forty randomly selected samples were also screened using PCR in order to detect cysts of Giardia and oocysts of Cryptosporidium that may have been present in a faecal sample at very low levels. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic cats by microscopy was 8.6%. Pet shop kittens had the highest parasite prevalence (34.3%), followed by cats and kittens from breeding establishments (15.8%), refuge cats and kittens (8.3%), privately owned cats (2.3%), and boarding cats and kittens (1.6%). Surprisingly, 80% of the 40 cats tested by PCR were positive for Giardia duodenalis and 10% for Cryptosporidium. None of these cats were positive on microscopy. After adjusting for other factors with multiple logistic regression, kittens less than 6 months of age, and cats living in households with more than one cat or with a dog were significantly more likely to be parasitised. In the logistic regression model, the presence of parasitism was also significantly influenced by the number of anthelmintic doses administered in the 12 month period prior to the study. The majority (64.5%) of cat owners were aware that feline parasites could be transmitted to humans, however less than half (42.8%) were aware of the modes of transmission to humans.  相似文献   

6.
Sixteen 1- to 7-week-old pregnant specific-pathogen free cats were inoculated orally with Toxoplasma gondii cysts. Fetuses and neonatal kittens were examined for toxoplasma infection by inoculating suspensions of their tissues into mice. Toxoplasma gondii was not isolated from 23 fetuses and 16 newborn kittens from 13 queens. Six (3 litters) of the 15 kittens from the 3 remaining queens were killed on the day of or a day after birth, and the remaining 9 kittens were housed with their mothers for 7 to 33 days. None of the 9 kittens from the 2 litters examined between 0 and 33 days of age was infected with T gondii. In the other litter, T gondii was isolated from 3 kittens killed at 9, 16, and 22 days of age but not from 3 littermates killed on days 1, 1, and 22. Internal organs from the 3 kittens with proved toxoplasma infectivity in mice were examined histologically. Multifocal granulomatous encephalitis, hepatitis, nephritis, myocarditis, myositis, and interstitial pneumonia were found in all 3 kittens. Toxoplasma forms were demonstrated histologically in the tissues of 2 of these kittens. The mode of toxoplasma infection in newborn kittens was not determined but did not appear to be either transplacental or via fecal contamination from oocysts excreted by the mother cat. Evidence obtained in these experiments suggests that transplacental toxoplasma infection in the cat is not an important epidemiologic factor in perpetuation of the disease in the feline population.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of age and sex on plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in cats. ANIMALS: 33 kittens and 16 adolescent, 23 adult, and 10 senior cats. PROCEDURE: Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein-cholesterol and activities of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) were measured and compared within and among groups. RESULTS: Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in 5- and 7-week-old kittens, compared with the same kittens after weaning and cats in the other age groups. Cholesterol concentration was significantly less in 20-week-old kittens, compared with adolescent and adult cats. Lipid and lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations were not significantly different among the adolescent, adult, and senior groups, nor did sex influence lipid and lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations in these groups. Activities of lipoprotein and hepatic lipases were significantly less in senior cats, compared with the other groups. Activity of LCAT was highest in 20-week-old kittens and was greater in sexually intact adult and adolescent females, compared with their male counterparts. After castration, activities of hepatic lipase and LCAT significantly decreased in adolescent male cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The upper limits of reference ranges for plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations should be increased for kittens < 8 weeks of age. Low cholesterol concentrations in adolescent cats likely reflect high tissue demands for growth and steroidogenesis. Decrease in lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activity in senior cats could predispose this age group to hypertriglyceridemia, particularly in insulin-resistant cats or those fed a high fat diet.  相似文献   

8.
Cholesterinic granulomas are mass‐like lesions that form at the choroid plexus of the ventricular system. Large cholesterinic granulomas within the lateral ventricles have been reported to cause severe neurological signs. However, little data are available about their prevalence or appearance in the overall population. The objective was to report the prevalence of presumed cholesterinic granulomas on CT in a population of horses, and investigate associations between presumed cholesterinic granuloma presence, lateral ventricle size, age, and neurological signs. The study was cross sectional, CT scans of the head were assessed for presumed cholesterinic granuloma presence and size, and lateral ventricle height. Computed tomography findings and clinical information were compared using nonparametric testing. Computed tomography scans of 139 horses were included. Presumed cholesterinic granulomas were found in 22 horses (15.8%), nine were unilateral and 13 bilateral. A significant increase in prevalence was observed with age (P < .0001), with 38% of horses over 15 years old affected. The median volume of presumed cholesterinic granulomas was 242 mm3 with a range from 51 to 2420 mm3. The mean lateral ventricle height was significantly increased in horses with presumed cholesterinic granulomas present (P = .004), with a median of 7.3 mm compared to 4.9 mm without. Neurological signs were not associated with presumed cholesterinic granuloma presence or lateral ventricle height. Fourth ventricle mineralizations were found in seven horses, which may represent cholesterinic granulomas. In conclusion, presumed cholesterinic granulomas occurred in a large proportion of the examined population and are associated with increased lateral ventricle dilation and advanced age.  相似文献   

9.
A commercial feline leukemia virus (FeLV) vaccine was evaluated in a natural exposure system. All kittens were negative for FeLV antigen on two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests and one indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test before vaccination or exposure. Twenty-three kittens were vaccinated subcutaneously at nine and 12 weeks of age. The vaccinated kittens and 14 unvaccinated littermates were housed in an infected environment starting at 14 weeks. The kittens were exposed for 24 weeks by living in a large room with one feline leukemia virus-positive, asymptomatic adult cat for each five kittens. Sixty-four percent of the unvaccinated kittens and 70% of the vaccinated kittens became infected as determined by ELISA. Forty-three percent of unvaccinated kittens and 39% of vaccinated kittens died. There was no difference between the infection and mortality of vaccinated kittens that developed antibodies to anti-FeLV glycoprotein 70-envelope antigen and those that did not. Consideration should be given to evaluation of feline leukemia virus vaccines using "street" virus in a natural exposure system.  相似文献   

10.
The occurrence of toxoplasmosis is described in the cat-mother and three kittens. Clinical symptoms were not significant: bristled hair, conjunctivitis, sneezing and hypertrophy of mandibular and popliteal lymph nodes. The titres of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were demonstrated in all kittens and also in the cat: Sabin-Feldman reaction titre 4-32, complement-fixing reaction titre 5-40. Microprecipitation in agar gel was positive in all animals. Oocytes of Toxoplasma gondii were eliminated through faeces by the cat and two 16-day-old kittens. An isolation trial on white mice with a negative finding of toxoplasmosis (inoculation of brain, liver and spleen samples) has demonstrated toxoplasmosis in all animals under study. Most probably the kittens were infected transplacentally.  相似文献   

11.
  相似文献   

12.
The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Toxocara eggs on the hair of stray cats. The total number of stray cats trapped and included in the trial was 167 that were collected weekly from different residential areas of Mashhad, in northeastern Iran, from November 2016 to December 2017. Among the 167 cats, 18 (10.8%) of them were positive to T. cati eggs in their hair. In the positive cats, 7 (39%) were adult, 1 (6%) was juvenile and 10 (55%) were kittens. Overall, the mean number of eggs from positive cats was 3.9 ± 1.7 eggs per gram (epg) of hair per cat with an average of 3.1 ± 1.4 in adults, 4.9 in juveniles and 4.3 ± 1.6 in kittens. In total, 39.9% of the eggs recovered were non-viable 35.5% were viable, 22.2% were embryonating and 2.3% were embryonated which embryonated eggs were found only in juveniles. Based on our data, kittens were responsible for 61.7% of the total number of eggs. The age of the cat was found to be an important risk factor associated with parasitic infection.. This study showed that cat hair contaminated by T. cati eggs in different developmental stages represents of potential source for human toxocariasis.  相似文献   

13.
Postnatal development of corneal curvature and thickness in the cat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Objective To evaluate the postnatal development of central corneal curvature and thickness in the domestic cat. Animals studied Six Domestic Short‐haired (DSH) kittens starting at 9 weeks of age and 6 adult cats. Procedures Kittens were evaluated biweekly to monthly for a 12‐month period, starting at age 9 weeks. Corneal development was monitored by hand‐held keratometry and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Standard regression analysis using a nonlinear least squares method was used to generate a formula that would predict corneal curvature as a function of age. Results Mean keratometry (K) values for the 9‐week‐old cats were 54.51 (±1.02) diopters (D) and these values steeply declined over the next 3 months to 44.95 (±0.90) D. Thereafter, K‐values gradually decreased to reach a plateau by 12–15 months of age of 39.90 (±0.42) D. Because K‐values still appeared to be slightly diminishing at this point, six other > 2‐year‐old cats were evaluated by keratometry and were found to have K‐values of 38.99 (±0.81). Two to four diopters of astigmatism was common in young kittens whereas adult cats had a low mean degree of astigmatism (< 1 D). A formula that predicted keratometry values in diopters (K) as a function of age in weeks (w) was established as follows: K = 39.83 + 26.87 exp(?0.074 w). The central cornea increased in thickness primarily during the first 4 months of life with 9 week‐old kittens having values of 0.379 (±0.012) mm; 16‐week‐old kittens, 0.548 (±0.021) mm and 67 week‐old cats, 0.567 (±0.012) mm. Conclusions The maturation process of the feline cornea proceeds over the first 1–2 years of life to attain an adult status that is characterized by a roughly spherical state of approximately 39 D corneal curvature, substantially flatter than the human cornea, and a central thickness similar to the human cornea. Research studies of the refractive or optical properties of the cornea in which cats are used as experimental animals should be conducted on animals greater than 18 months of age.  相似文献   

14.
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of systemic hypertension (SHT) on echocardiographic and radiographic cardiovascular variables in affected cats compared with healthy geriatric cats. Secondary objectives were to determine whether there were any relationships between these findings and age or systolic blood pressure (SBP). Fifteen healthy cats (>8 years of age with normal SBP) and 15 hypertensive cats (SBP > 180 mm Hg) were studied. Each cat was evaluated for standard echocardiographic parameters and 4 different aortic root dimensions. Seventeen variables were measured from right lateral and dorsoventral radiographic views. Left ventricle wall thickness was greater in the SHT group (5.1 +/- 0.9 mm) than in the healthy cats (4.2 +/- 0.5 mm). Left ventricular hypertrophy in the SHT cats often was not severe, and mean measures were considered normal. Some cats had asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH) in the basilar portion of the septum as determined from the 2-dimensional view of the left ventricular outflow tract. ASH was greater in cats with SHT. Comparisons of the proximal ascending aorta indicated the presence of dilatation in the SHT cats, and comparison of the ascending aorta to the aortic annulus was helpful in differentiating between the 2 groups. The distal aortic root measurements and ratios evaluated by echocardiography were significantly different between the 2 groups of cats (P = .0001) and were significantly correlated with SBP (P = .0001) but not age (P > .3).  相似文献   

15.
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on 21 presumed normal Beagle-type dogs. The size and symmetry of their lateral ventricles were evaluated and dogs were categorized on the basis of the percentage of their ventricular height (Vh) to brain height (Bh) and the ratio of the largest to the smallest ventricular area (rVA). Eleven dogs had lateral ventricles classified as normal sized (0–14 %Vh/Bh) while 10 of 21 dogs had moderate enlargement (1525% Vh/Bh) of one or both lateral ventricles. None of the dogs had severe lateral ventricular enlargement. Degree of asymmetry was also arbitrarily categorized on basis of rVA as normal to minimal (rVA < 1S), mild (1.5 < rVA < 2.0), or severe (2.0 < rVA). Of the dogs having normal-sized lateral ventricles, six of eleven had symmetric, three of eleven had mildly asymmetric and two of eleven had severely asymmetric lateral ventricles. Of the dogs having at least one moderately enlarged lateral ventricles, five of ten had symmetric lateral ventricles, and two of ten had mild asymmetry and three of ten had severe asymmetry. Gender and body weight had no statistical relationship to lateral ventricle symmetry. Clinically insignificant ventricular enlargement and asymmetry was common in this group of Beagle dogs.  相似文献   

16.
  相似文献   

17.
Echocardiographic examinations were performed on 25 normal healthy cats placed in left lateral recumbency. The cats were representative of serveral breeds, consisted of 12 males and 13 females, and weighed between 2 and 6.5 kg. Twelve measurements from the echocardiograms of each cat were made for the purpose of compiling a small data base (reference values). These measurements included wall thicknesses, luminal dimensions, and contractile indices. Left ventricular wall thickness averaged 0.37 +/- 0.08 cm, and the septal wall thickness averaged 0.45 +/- 0.09 cm. The average left ventricular lumen in diastole was 1.48 +/- 0.26 cm, and in systole, it was 0.88 +/- 0.24 cm, which resulted in an average shortening fraction of 41 +/- 7.3%. Velocity of circumferential shortening, an index of contractility, averaged 2.86 +/- 0.78 cm. In eight additional cats, both ventricles were catheterized for echographic chamber identification and then cineangiographic procedures. Then these cats were euthanatized, and postmortem measurements were compared with echocardiographic and cineangiographic measurements. According to the three methods of determining wall thickness, differences were less than 15%, where the range of deviations was between 0 and 0.5 mm and the average deviation was -0.01 +/- 0.26 mm.  相似文献   

18.
Transmission of feline leukaemia virus in the milk of a non-viraemic cat   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
The possibility of the transmission of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) from latently infected cats was studied. Five female cats with latent infections were examined for evidence of transmission of the virus to their kittens. One of the cats infected members of four consecutive litters of kittens which subsequently became persistently viraemic and transmitted the virus to other susceptible kittens by contact. Shortly after birth its kittens were apparently FeLV-free since neither viral antigen nor infectious virus was detected in their blood and no virus was found in cell cultures made from aspirates of bone marrow. The kittens became viraemic from 45 days of age onwards at a time when their passively acquired colostral FeLV neutralising antibodies were no longer detectable. Transmission of the virus occurred via the milk since both FeLV antigen and infectious virus were found in milk samples taken six weeks after kittening and the virus was transmitted to a fostered kitten. Eleven weeks after the birth of the fourth litter the cat became viraemic. The intermittent presence of FeLV antigens detected by the Leukassay F test, but not infectious virus, in the plasma of this cat over the previous months and a low level of serum neutralising antibodies distinguished it from four other latently infected queens which did not transmit infection to their kittens. These factors may indicate a risk of milk transmission and reactivation of latent virus.  相似文献   

19.
Asymmetry of the cerebral lateral ventricles is a common finding in cross‐sectional imaging of otherwise normal canine brains and has been assumed to be incidental. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the prevalence of ventricular asymmetry in brain MRI studies of normal dogs and dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Brain MRI archives were searched for 100 neurologically normal dogs (Group 1) and 100 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (Group 2). For each dog, asymmetry of the lateral ventricles was subjectively classified as absent, mild, moderate, and severe based on a consensus of two observers who were unaware of group status. Ventricular areas were measured from transverse T1W images at the level of the interthalamic adhesion. An asymmetry ratio was calculated as the ratio of the larger to smaller ventricular transverse area. There was excellent agreement between subjective assessments of ventricular asymmetry and quantitative assessments using asymmetry ratios (k = 0.995). The prevalence of asymmetry was 38% in Group 1 dogs and 44% in Group 2 dogs. Assymmetry was scored as mild in the majority of Group 2 dogs. There was no significant association between presence/absence and degree of ventricular asymmetry vs. dog group, age, gender, or skull conformation. Findings from the current study supported previously published assumptions that asymmetry of the lateral cerebral ventricles is an incidental finding in MRI studies of the canine brain.  相似文献   

20.
The purpose of this study was to clarify whether cats have a colostral and milk phase of lactation differentiated by concentrations of immunoglobulins, and whether colostrum ingestion by newborn kittens is essential for optimal transfer of passive immunity. Milk from specific pathogen-free queens was analyzed for IgG and IgA concentrations from parturition through 6 weeks of lactation. Serum IgG and IgA concentrations from birth through 8 weeks of age were determined for colostrum-fed kittens, colostrum-deprived kittens that were fed a milk replacer, and colostrum-deprived kittens that were fostered onto queens in the milk phase of lactation. The total IgG and IgA concentrations in milk were significantly higher on the day of parturition than on day 7 of lactation, indicating cats do have a colostral phase of lactation. The predominant immunoglobulin in both colostrum and milk was IgG. The serum IgG concentrations in colostrum-deprived kittens fostered on queens in the milk phase of lactation were similar to colostrum-deprived kittens fed a milk replacer, and the concentrations were significantly lower than in colostrum-fed kittens for the first 4 weeks of life. The serum IgA concentrations in both colostrum-deprived groups were significantly lower than colostrum-fed kittens on day 2 after parturition, but were similar thereafter. Colostrum-deprived kittens fostered onto queens in the milk phase of lactation had failure of passive transfer of maternal antibodies. Protective concentrations of immunoglobulins can be restored in kittens with failure of passive transfer of immunity by parenteral administration of adult cat serum, but not by fostering on queens in mid-lactation.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号