共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
开花期低温胁迫对四川攀西稻区水稻开花结实的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以3种籼稻品种和3种粳稻品种为试验材料, 利用人工气候室在开花期进行低温胁迫处理, 研究了低温胁迫对攀西稻区籼、粳稻开花和结实及两者间关系的影响。结果表明, 开花期低温胁迫下籼稻和粳稻的开花习性、花药和花粉特性和结实表现不同。常规粳稻开花对低温有较高的耐冷性。低温胁迫下籼稻品种(组合)花药体积、花药开裂率、可育花粉率、柱头着花粉数和柱头花粉萌发率较对照降低幅度均比粳稻品种(组合)大; 籼稻品种(组合)各产量构成因素较对照降低幅度比粳稻品种(组合)大。相关分析表明, 结实与水稻花药和花粉主要性状有密切关系。开花期低温胁迫影响花药和花粉发育成熟, 使花药不能正常开裂、散粉不足, 可育花粉率和柱头花粉萌发率降低, 直接影响受精结实, 成为结实率降低的主要原因之一。 相似文献
2.
The development of floral organs in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is related to squares and yield formation. The germination percentage of pollen grains, the rate of anther dehiscence and the length of filaments and styles of 11 upland cotton cultivars were determined before and after high-temperature periods by pollen grain culture in vitro. We aimed to analyze the effects of high temperature on pollen germination in styles and on stamen characteristics. The number of pollen tubes in styles and cytological structure of anthers were also tested under simulation of high temperatures by paraffin sectioning of cotton anthers. We found that the germination percentage of pollen grains and rate of anthers dehiscence of Ke 1053, Simian 4 and the male parent of Xiangzamian 3 were greater than those of other cultivars under high field temperatures. There was no significant difference in the length ratio of filaments and styles and filaments length between 11 upland cotton cultivars under high field temperatures. After high-temperature periods in the field, the difference in pollen germination percentage, anther dehiscence, style and filament length between the 11 cultivars was not significant. The number of pollen tubes in Ke 1053, Simian 4 and the male parent of Xiangzamian 3 was greater than those of other cultivars under the high simulation temperature. The number of deformed pollen grains in anthers was also less than those of other cultivars. These results were consistent with the field conditions. This experiment indicated that germination percentage of pollen grains and the rate of anther dehiscence are useful as indicators for screening high-temperature tolerance. The length ratio of filaments and styles and the filaments length could be used as parameters for screening high-temperature tolerance cultivars. 相似文献
3.
花期高温胁迫对水稻花药生理特性及花粉性状的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为探明花期高温胁迫对水稻花器官的影响机制,以耐热水稻品系996和热敏感水稻品系4628为材料,在人工气候室进行高温(8:00~17:00,37℃;17:00~次日8:00,30℃)和适温处理(8:00~17:00, 30℃;17:00~次日8:00,25℃), 研究高温胁迫对水稻花药抗氧化酶活性、膜透性、MDA含量及花粉性状等生理特性的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫下,水稻花药中SOD、POD、CAT、AsA-POD活性在高温胁迫初期均明显增加,尔后快速下降,耐热品系996这四种酶活性增幅大于热敏感品系4628;热敏感品系4628花药中MDA含量和膜透性在高温胁迫下增幅大于耐热性品系996;高温胁迫导致花药开裂、花粉萌发率和柱头上花粉粒数的显著下降,花粉粒直径增大。但耐热品系996的前3项参数显著高于热敏感品系4628。高温胁迫下水稻花药中保持较高抗氧化酶活性、较好的花粉散落特性和花粉萌发特性及较低的膜透性和MDA含量,是品种耐高温的生理基础。 相似文献
4.
水稻抽穗期高温胁迫对不同品种受粉和受精作用的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
水稻抽穗期高温障碍导致结实性降低已经成为长江中下游水稻的重要自然灾害之一。以现代常规粳稻、三系杂交籼稻和两系法杂交籼稻为试料,研究了抽穗期高温处理对现代水稻品种和组合受精率的影响。现代粳型品种表现出较好的抽穗期高温耐性;杂交稻特别是两系杂交稻抽穗期高温耐性相对较弱,抽穗期39℃的高温胁迫下,受精率几乎接近于零;在杂交稻中,汕优63在较轻高温胁迫下表现较好耐性,但在较强的高温胁迫下高温耐性迅速下降。相同处理下抽穗期高温耐性在品种间有较大差异。2个两系超级杂交稻的单药花粉数均在1750粒以上,数量最多,宁粳1号数量最少,为979.8粒药-1。总体趋势为杂交稻多于常规稻,籼型品种多于粳型品种,分析表明单药花粉数与高温耐性不相关。高温胁迫导致花药开裂系数显著下降,宁粳1号在较强的高温胁迫条件下还能维持一定程度的纵裂率,开花后柱头上花粉数量相对较多。可见水稻抽穗期高温耐性与花粉生产能力无关,与花药开裂和柱头捕获的花粉量关系较大。 相似文献
5.
抽穗开花期不同高温处理对水稻开花习性和结实率的影响 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
为了探明高温胁迫对水稻的伤害机理,利用人工气候箱在水稻抽穗开花期对2个耐热性不同早稻品种进行不同高温处理,研究高温胁迫对水稻开花习性和结实率的影响。结果表明,随着胁迫温度的升高,日开花数减少,日开花峰值降低,开颖角度减小,花粉粒直径增大,花药开裂、花粉活力、柱头活力下降,结实率降低。相关分析表明,2个品种的结实率与花粉活力、花药开裂系数、柱头活力之间均呈显著正相关（R=0.9733*,0.9768*和0.9270*）。水稻抽穗开花期受高温的危害存在品种间差异,相同高温胁迫下,耐热品种996受高温的伤害小于热敏感品种4628。 相似文献
6.
减数分裂期高温胁迫对耐热性不同水稻品种产量的影响及其生理原因 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
以两个耐热性不同的籼稻品种为材料,在减数分裂期进行高温(白天温度>35℃)处理,以同期自然温度(白天温度<33℃)为对照,研究减数分裂期高温对产量的影响及其生理机制。结果表明,高温处理与对照相比,显著降低了热敏感品种双桂1号的花药开裂率及花粉育性,对耐热品种黄华占影响较小;明显降低了每穗颖花数、结实率和粒重,从而使产量显著下降,其中耐热品种下降幅度小于热敏感品种;热敏感品种粒宽显著缩短,长宽比显著增大,而对耐热型品种影响不大;明显降低了水稻的根系活力和幼穗的核糖核酸(RNA)含量,显著增加了叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量和幼穗的乙烯释放速率,热敏感品种变化幅度大于耐热品种;显著增加了耐热品种叶片的抗氧化酶活性,对热敏感品种无显著影响。总之,根系活力和抗氧化保护系统能力强、RNA含量高、MDA含量低及乙烯合成少是耐热性品种在高温胁迫下保持较高产量的重要生理原因。 相似文献
7.
1‐Methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP)‐Induced Alteration in Leaf Photosynthetic Rate,Chlorophyll Fluorescence,Respiration and Membrane Damage in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under High Night Temperature 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A. R. Mohammed J. T. Cothren M.‐H. Chen L. Tarpley 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(2):105-116
High night temperature (HNT) can induce ethylene‐triggered reactive oxygen species production, which can cause premature leaf senescence and membrane damage, thereby affecting production, consumption and transfer of photosyn‐thates, and yield. The 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) can competitively bind with ethylene receptors and decrease ethylene effects. The objective was to determine the effects of HNT and 1‐MCP on leaf photosynthetic rate (PN), chlorophyll fluorescence, total chlorophyll (TC), respiration, membrane damage, pollen germination, spikelet fertility (SF) and yield of rice hybrid ‘XL723’. Plants were grown under ambient night temperature (ANT) (25 °C) or HNT (30 °C) with or without 1‐MCP treatment. Application of 1‐MCP was at the boot stage. The decrease in yield (11 %) under HNT was associated with decreased PN (4 %), stomatal conductance (8 %), quantum yield (11 %) TC (23 %) and SF (5 %) and increased respiration (74 %), Fo/Fm (increase in thylakoid membrane damage; 11 %) and membrane damage (leaf electrolytic leakage; 57 %). The 1‐MCP‐treated plants grown under HNT showed increased yield (17 %), which was associated with increased PN (10 %), stomatal conductance (30 %), quantum yield (9 %), TC (37 %) and SF (11 %) and decreased respiration (39 %), Fo/Fm (5 %) and membrane damage (18 %). Plants grown under HNT showed increased grain chalkiness (154 %) compared with plants grown under ANT. 相似文献
8.
开花期高温胁迫对水稻花粉粒性状及结实率的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探明花期高温胁迫对水稻花器官及结实率的影响。利用人工气候箱在水稻抽穗开花期对特青及其渗入系YIL106进行高温处理,研究结果表明,高温胁迫下热敏感渗入系YIL106的花粉活力、花粉萌发率、柱头上花粉粒数、花药开裂系数和结实率降低幅度均大于耐热品种特青。表明高温胁迫下,水稻的花粉活力、花粉萌发率、柱头上花粉粒数、花药开裂系数、以及结实率都比常温条件下要低,且高温胁迫对热敏感品系的花粉粒性状及结实率影响更大。 相似文献
9.
Periodic episodes of heat stress and seasonally high night temperatures (HNT) are predicted to occur more frequently in the current changing weather environment. These events affect aspects of crop growth and development, including oxidative‐stress damage, reducing crop yield and quality. Salicylic acid (SA), a naturally occurring phenolic compound, associated with thermo‐tolerance, prevents oxidative damage by detoxifying superoxide radicals and altering antioxidant capacity in plants. A study was conducted to determine the effects of HNT and SA on multiple rice yield‐determining parameters with special emphasis on effects of HNT and SA at different spikelet positions in the panicle. Plants were grown under ambient night temperature (27 °C) or HNT (32 °C) in the greenhouse. They were subjected to HNT through use of continuously controlled infrared heaters, starting from 2000 h to 0600 h. The HNT did not affect productive tillers, main‐stem panicle length or number of primary branches per panicle; however, reduced yield resulted from significant negative effects on spikelet fertility (SF), grain length and width. The grains located at the base of the panicle showed decreased fertility, length and width. Application of SA increased antioxidant capacity, thereby preventing damage to membranes, hence increasing yield by predominantly affecting SF in rice plants. 相似文献
10.
水稻开花期花粉活力和结实率对高温的响应特征 总被引：28，自引：1，他引：27
采用远红外增温设施在水稻开花第1 d分别对4个水稻品种（南粳41、武香粳14、扬粳6号和汕优559）进行5 h（10:00~15:00）高温处理（40℃）,然后转入常温,观测当天及其后4 d开花颖花的花粉活力及同期开花颖花成熟期的结实对高温的响应特征。结果表明,高温处理后,处理后各天颖花的花粉活力均显著下降（P< 0.05）,但随开花日序的后移其下降幅度逐步减小。其中,下降最大为处理当天或其后1 d,花粉在柱头和培养基上的萌发率以及花粉I-KI溶液的可染率分别平均降低了16.00、25.85和11.74个百分点,而处理后4 d的降幅仅为8.49、6.63和6.02个百分点。相同的趋势也表现在同期开花颖花的结实特征上,高温处理的当天和其后4 d开花颖花的结实率分别平均下降了14.04和5.95个百分点;而高温处理当天的空粒率和秕粒率平均分别提高了10.06和3.98个百分点,处理后4 d分别提高了3.98和1.97个百分点。另外还发现,高温处理下品种间存在一定差异,其中,汕优559的花粉活力和籽粒结实受高温的影响最小。相关分析发现结实率、空粒率和秕粒率与柱头花粉的萌发率、花粉在培养基上的萌发率均呈显著直线相关,而花粉I-KI溶液的可染率仅与空粒率存在显著相关（P< 0.05）。可见,水稻遭遇短期高温后,随着开花日序的后移高温对颖花形成的潜在热害逐渐降低,在生产实践中花粉在柱头和培养基上的萌发率可作为品种选育和高温热害发生的几率、热害程度预测的可靠指标。 相似文献
11.
Summary An investigation was undertaken on the storage characteristics of pollen collected from two English rose cultivars. A rapid decline in viability was observed in pollen stored at +4° C and –20° C, whereas the viability of pollen, stored at ultra-low temperature (–196° C), remained constant. Cryopreserved pollen was shown to retain its ability for fertilisation. The effects of the stage of flower development and anther dehiscence were assessed on both pre-and post-cryopreservation viabilities. Successful long-term storage of pollen will facilitate hybridisation of rose species and cultivars that do not flower synchronously. 相似文献
12.
Norin‐PL8 (‘PL8’) is an extremely cool‐tolerant line of rice in Japan that contains genes for cool tolerance originating from a javanica landrace. It was investigated to see whether the dwarfing gene d18‐k (kotaketamanishiki dwarf) exerts its pleiotropic effect on enhancing the cool tolerance at the booting stage in the genetic background of PL8. The d18‐k isogenic line of the recurrent parent PL8 (D8), PL8, and two commercial cultivars ‘Hayayuki’ and ‘Kirara 397’ were used. For each line/cultivar, the 12°C‐5‐day treatment was conducted at various times during the booting stage. In addition to spikelet fertility, the ratio (%) of the fertilized‐spikelet number of each treated panicle to the varietal mean of fertilized‐spikelet number per panicle in the control (FS‐T/C) was adopted to estimate cool temperature damage. For FS‐T/C, the lines‐cultivars ranked in the order of D8 > PL8 > ‘Hayayuki’ > ‘Kirara 397’, reflecting their cool tolerances. D8 exceeded PL8 in both pollen grain number per anther in the control and as an indicator of pollen fertility after the treatment, as a result of the effects of d18‐k. Consequently, d18‐k can be used to develop super‐highly cool‐tolerant cultivars for cool‐weather areas. 相似文献
13.
M. L. Praba J. E. Cairns R. C. Babu & H. R. Lafitte 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2009,195(1):30-46
Rice is used as a model cereal to study drought response at the molecular level, with the goal of applying results to other cereals. To assess the relevance of results from rice to other species, the kinetics of drought development and plant response of tolerant and susceptible tropical rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and subtropical wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were compared under vegetative and reproductive stage drought in pot experiments. Water was withheld during reproductive stage until plant available soil moisture content was 30 % of field capacity (FC) or leaf wilting was observed, and then reapplied. Rice reached 30 % FC 9 days after withholding water and wheat after 13 days. Before rewatering, both species reached leaf water potentials of −12 bars and similarly low transpiration rates. Stress reduced leaf relative water content, leaf elongation and membrane stability. When water stress was imposed during reproductive stage, pollen fertility was most affected in wheat, while panicle exsertion and anther dehiscence were severely affected in rice. When water stress was imposed during vegetative stage, wheat was less affected to vegetative stage drought than rice. The nature of differences between tolerant and susceptible cultivars was similar for the two species. However, the differential growth habitats and growth rate of plants needs to be considered in these kinds of experiments. 相似文献
14.
An investigation was undertaken to develop new stable thermo‐sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) rice lines in intermated progenies (IMPs) of TGMS lines by using an anther clearing technique. The results indicate that both pre‐ and post‐meiotic genetic systems operate during anther development for the expression of sterility in TGMS lines. In all the TGMS lines, sterile anthers were small with empty pollen grains of irregular shape, except for TS 16, which showed pollen‐free anthers. This indicates that the sensitive stage of TS 16 is around stage IV (stamen and pistil primordia) of panicle development. Distinct differences were observed between sterile and fertile phases with respect to anther size, shape and colour of the pollen grains in TS 18 and TS 29. The pollen grains at the sterile phase were small and irregular in shape while in the fertile phase they were plump and larger with a yellow colour, establishing that the occurrence of sterility in TS 18 and TS 29 is post‐meiotic. Three distinct classes of pollen fertility percentage viz. <20%, 50‐70% and >90% were observed in IMPs. Anther clearing in IMPs showed distinct developmental patterns of pollen production with respect to distinct classes of pollen fertility. Less than 20% pollen fertility was observed in hybrids such as TS 15 × TS 16, TS 15 × Co 47, TS 18 × TS 16 and TS 18 × Co 47 which hold promise for developing new TGMS lines with a good plant type and acceptable quality. 相似文献
15.
A. Maruyama W. M. W. Weerakoon Y. Wakiyama K. Ohba 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2013,199(6):416-423
Spikelet sterility in rice (Oryza sativa L.) induced by high temperatures is a major concern given global warming predictions. We studied differences among eight rice cultivars in spikelet fertility at five different temperature levels in temperature gradient chamber (TGC) experiments. Six japonica and two indica cultivars were exposed to high‐temperature gradients in TGCs during the 2005 flowering season. Spikelet sterility increased with temperature in TGCs and differed among cultivars because of both variations in temperature tolerance and timing of heading. The correlation between spikelet fertility of individual panicles and both air temperature and panicle temperature during flowering was analyzed to compare tolerances among cultivars. The temperature (T75) at which spikelet fertility was 75 % of maximum ranged from 34 to 39 °C air temperature and differed significantly among cultivars. Indica varieties had higher T75 values than japonica varieties. The T75 values based on panicle temperature also differed among cultivars, but the difference between indica and japonica varieties were less significant. We concluded that the higher temperature tolerances of indica cultivars in our experiments could be attributed to lower spikelet temperatures, and cultivars with similar spikelet temperatures still had different heat tolerances due to differences in pollination ability. 相似文献
16.
New insights into genotypic thermodependency of cytoplasmic male sterility for hybrid barley breeding 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system msm1 in barley is known to be thermosensitive, sometimes resulting in spontaneous fertility restoration in the absence of the corresponding restorer gene Rfm1. Here, we investigated genotypic differences concerning temperature sensitivity and the plant developmental stage at which elevated temperature induces spontaneous fertility restoration in three CMS mother lines. While one line stayed completely male sterile, a significantly higher fertility was observed in two lines after treatment from growth stage DC 41 until maturation. Microscopic analysis revealed that sterile anthers contained neither intact pollen, nor remains of aborted pollen grains, whereas pollen was visible in anthers of potentially fertile plants. We conclude that the barley CMS system affects anther and pollen development prior to meiosis. Elevated temperature during heading and flowering can lead to a spontaneous fertility restoration by reactivating pollen growth. Nevertheless, genotypic variation exists enabling the selection for stable CMS mother lines and the development of F1 hybrids with high hybridity. As spontaneous fertility restoration due to environmental effects is difficult to phenotype, further investigations will focus on the development of molecular markers for marker‐assisted selection. 相似文献
17.
High temperature‐induced grain sterility in rice is becoming a serious problem in tropical rice‐growing ecosystems. We studied the mechanism of high temperature‐induced grain sterility of different rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars at two relative humidity (RH) levels. Four varieties of Indica and Japonica rice were exposed to over 85 % RH and 60 % RH at 36/30 °C, 34/30 °C, 32/24 °C and 30/24 °C day/night air temperatures from late booting to maturity inside sunlit phytotrons. Increasing both air temperature and RH significantly increased spikelet sterility while high temperature‐induced sterility decreased significantly with decreasing RH. Neither Indica nor Japonica rice types were superior to the other in the response of their spikelets to increased air temperature and RH. Increased spikelet sterility was due to increased pollen grain sterility which reduced deposition of viable pollen grains on stigma. Reduction in sterility with decreased RH was more due to decreased spikelet temperature than to air temperature. Thus the impact of RH should be considered when interpreting the effect of high temperature on grain sterility. Spikelet fertility was curvilinearly related to spikelet temperature. Grain sterility increased when spikelet temperature increased over 30 °C while it became completely sterile at 36 °C. The ability of a variety to decrease its spikelet temperature with decreasing RH could be considered as avoidance while the variability in spikelet sterility among varieties at a given spikelet temperature could be considered as true tolerance. 相似文献
18.
水稻穗分化期高温胁迫对颖花退化及籽粒充实的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确水稻穗分化期高温胁迫对颖花退化和籽粒充实的影响,选用耐热性品种黄华占和热敏感性品种丰两优6号进行人工气候箱盆栽试验,于倒一叶心叶抽出时(花粉母细胞形成至减数分裂期)进行高温处理(10:00-15:00,40℃) 1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、9 d,并以同时段适温处理(10:00-15:00,32℃)为参考,自然条件下生长的植株为对照(CK),分析不同持续天数高温对颖花退化、花器官发育和籽粒充实的影响。结果表明：(1)随着处理天数的增加,高温加剧颖花退化,与适温处理及CK相比,高温处理9 d黄华占颖花退化率增加45.8%和62.9%,丰两优6号颖花退化率增加81.7%和136.1%,丰两优6号增加幅度大于黄华占。(2)高温处理1~3 d降低花粉活力,5~9 d抑制花药充实。花药发育不良,花粉形成受阻是导致结实率显著下降的原因,两品种趋势一致。(3)高温处理缩短颖花长度,降低籽粒充实性,使千粒重显著下降,热敏感性品种丰两优6号下降幅度大于耐热性品种黄华占,籽粒充实在5 d以上高温处理下降显著。研究说明倒一叶生长时期高温胁迫影响穗生长发育,生产中需加强相应栽培措施的调控。 相似文献
19.
Nalini Mallikarjuna Deepak R. Jadhav Sandhya Srikanth Kulbhushan B. Saxena 《Euphytica》2011,182(1):65-71
Cajanus platycarpus, a distantly related wild species, was successfully crossed with cultivated pigeonpea using embryo rescue and tissue culture
techniques. Advance generation lines showed a range of desirable characters including cytoplasmic male sterility. A range
of pigeonpea cultivars restored fertility and was maintained by a few lines including cultivar ICPL 85010. Clasmogamous flowers
were observed in the male sterile lines. In such flowers anthers did not form di-adlephous bundle. Cytological analysis revealed
that meiosis proceeded normally till the tetrad stage in those anthers with pollen grains. After which many of the pollen
grains turned sterile. In the anthers with pollen grains, dehiscence was not observed, thus creating functional sterility.
In many other anthers, pollen mother cells (PMCs) were not formed at all, giving rise to sepalous anthers. In conclusion two
mechanisms of male sterility existed, one was premeiotic, where PMCs did not form and in the second, although PMCs gave rise
to pollen grains, they were either partially or totally sterile accompanied by non-dehiscence of anther wall. 相似文献