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杨树纸浆林品种选择研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
选择在山东省广泛栽植的14个杨树品种为研究对象，测试了木材的纤维形态，化学成分及林分生长量，采用多维空间En多向量理论综合评定法，选择纸浆林的适宜品种，研究结果表明：14个杨树品种6年生林分木材的平均纤维长度为0．863－1．051mm，除沙兰杨I－214杨，1－45杨外均达到中级纤维长度标准（0．9－1．6mm)；纤维素含量为51．37％－58．17％）达到了造纸用材的一般标准要求；每公顷林分蓄积量可达191．6m3，综合考虑生长量和纤维性状，在选择纸冻材的品种时，应首先考虑使用中林46杨，中林23杨，I－69杨，中林28杨，也可使用I－72杨，中林14杨，中林45杨，露伊莎杨，西玛杨。 相似文献
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窄冠黑杨、窄冠黑白杨的选育及应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过杂交育种 ,选出了 6个窄冠黑杨、1个窄冠黑白杨无性系 ,材积生长量分别接近对照I—6 9/ 5 5、中林4 6和窄冠白杨 3号。窄冠黑杨单株立木干物质产量超过中林 4 6 ,冠幅比对照小 1/ 2～ 1/ 3,适用于农田林网及农林间种。窄冠黑杨耐盐碱能力较强 ,容易扦插繁殖 ,造林成活率高。木材基本密度 36 0～ 394kg/m3 ,木材纤维长 1mm左右 ,随年龄增长而加长 ,5a生时趋于稳定。因此从制浆造纸来看 ,以 5a生以上利用为好。经制浆及检测、胶合板制作证明 ,木材适用于制浆造纸及作胶合板原料。 相似文献
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中林46杨等是近年推广应用的杨树新品种,具有早期速生、产量高,轮伐期短的特点,在适宜的栽培条件下,每公顷年生长量可达22.5～30m~3。为了解它们的制浆造纸性能,我们进行了木材纤维形态和化学成分的测试,结果报告如下。 相似文献
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伊犁州平原林场高度重视林业科技创新工作，今年春季开展了多种模式杨树造林试验，寻找杨树多种用途，总结
高效栽培技术，努力提高林业建设的质量和效益。
1．根据《优质抗逆用材林伊犁大叶杨、伊犁杨3号苗木繁育与高效造林技术中试项目》内容，营造高密度纸浆原料试验林20公顷（300亩），株行距2米×5米，试验品种为日本白杨、大叶钻天杨、沙兰杨、1-262、I-467、法杂、加小×俄9号。 相似文献
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文章着重从木材密度和纤维形态方面对I-69、I-72、I-63杨等10个杨树品种的成熟林木材材性进行了分析。结果表明,除I-214杨外,其它9个品种的木材气干密度均在0.4g/cm~3以上;10个品种的木材纤维长宽比和壁腔比均高于35和低于0.48,且纤维长宽分布频率均匀,能够满足造纸原料的要求。 相似文献
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湖南省杨树引种栽培概况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖南省洞庭湖区雨热同季的气候条件特别适宜于杨树生长。 2 6a来湖南杨树造林面积已达 10万hm2 ,在湖区栽培的优良杨树品系 ,年均高生长 2 5～ 3m ,胸径 3cm。Ⅰ—6 3、Ⅰ —6 9、Ⅰ—72、中汉杨、中林杨等品系生长表现好 ,8a生的杨树高 17m、胸径 2 4cm ,一般速生期为 4～ 6a ,因此作为纸浆材 ,其主伐期可暂定为 6～ 8a。研究表明湖区营造杨树丰产林的最适地下水位为 0 9～ 2 4m ,在洪水淹没期年淹水 30～ 6 5d的湖滩地上可营造中小径级杨树林 ,淹没期 30d以内的可营造丰产林。阔叶树中只有杨树能制机械木浆 ,湖南在大力发展林纸一体化经营中 ,洞庭湖区的杨树林是林纸产业的原材料基地。 相似文献
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杨树纸浆林优化栽培模式的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从 1 991～ 2 0 0 0年历时 9a时间 ,进行了杨树纸浆林造林模式、土壤施肥、叶面喷肥、林粮间种、纸浆林基地建设等研究和开发。结果表明在辽西地区杨树纸浆林的造林模式为 :造林品种应优先选择辽宁杨、荷兰 3930杨、盖杨、辽河杨等 ;造林最佳密度为 1 1 1 1～ 1 6 6 6株 /hm2 ;配置方式应以宽行密植和宽行窄带为主 ,如 1m× 6m、1 5m× 6m、(1× 4 )m× 8m、(1 5× 4 )m× 8m等。纸浆林的主伐年龄为 6～ 7a。在金城原种场的立地条件下 ,无论是土壤施肥 ,还是叶面喷肥对林木生长影响均不显著。林粮间作方面 ,改变造林由常规方式为宽行窄带和宽行密植后 ,间种年限可提高 1～ 2a ,间种面积可提高到 2 0 % ,产量提高 30 %～ 5 0 % ,经济效益显著提高 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献