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1.
林业坚持“以选为主,选、引、育密切结合”的方针,不断试验研究,更新优化造林树种是非常必要的。近年来,我们在德惠、农安、榆树等县(市)林带中发现零星混生的欧美杨类与西十加杨,其各项生长指标都明显好于当地主栽树种北京杨和双阳快杨。据调查西十加杨 相似文献
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为筛选经济、环保、节约型大叶栎容器育苗基质,采用沤制锯末、炭化稻壳、腐熟的稻草秸秆等材料,以不同比例配制成6种基质,开展大叶栎容器育苗试验,测定半年生苗木的苗高、地径及侧根数,并对基质配方进行综合评价。结果表明:不同配方基质上生长的苗木,其苗高、地径及侧根数差异极显著;Ⅳ号基质(50%炭化稻壳+25%珍珠岩+25%黄心土)育苗效果最好,Ⅲ号基质(50%炭化稻壳+25%腐熟的稻草秸秆+25%黄心土)次之;Ⅳ号和Ⅲ号基质上的苗木苗高、地径以及侧根均生长良好。这2种基质均适宜用于大叶栎容器育苗。 相似文献
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引进岑软2、岑软3、桂无1号、2号、3号、4号、5号等7个油茶品种,在种植后第4年,对树高、冠幅、单株产量、果实纵横径、果皮厚度、含油率等指标进行测定。结果表明:桂无2号单株产量最高;桂无4号树体最高;岑软3号冠幅最大且果实内种子数最多,但出仁率最低;果实普遍是椭圆形且横径大于纵径;桂无5号出仁率高但果皮最厚;桂无1号种仁含油率最高,但种子数少。通过主成分分析法,发现岑软3号的潜在价值和效益最大。油茶在佛山生长情况良好,岑软系列生长比桂无系列生长更好,更适合佛山当地的自然条件。 相似文献
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《吉林林业科技》2018,(6)
在吉林省双辽品种杨基因收集圃中对参试的88个品种(系)进行抗病性测定,结果表明:抗叶锈病品种(系)为小×钻杨、白林2号杨、富锦3号杨、5号杨、晚花杨、西+加杨、迎春5号杨、81-10号杨、中林299杨、里普杨、7号杨、W-14杨、18号杨、长春加拿大杨、加型杨、2号杨、昭林200杨、白城42号杨、黑林2号杨、黑林1号杨、辽育2号杨、黑×小(选)杨、86-24号杨、1号杨、加×美杨,抗黑斑病品种(系)为西+加杨、白林3号杨、迎春5号杨、W-14杨、小×钻杨、晚花杨、加雌杨、88-13号杨、98-22号杨、33号杨、47号杨、大凌河220杨、辽育2号杨、加×美杨、中林299杨、山海关杨、黑林1号杨、吉林加拿大杨、鲁山杨、5号杨、美×中杨、83-25号杨、摩里佛拉健杨、白城4号杨、黄快杨、黑×小(选)杨、马里兰德×小黑杨、81-10号杨、加型杨、荷兰3934号杨、(美×黑)×健杨、莫斯科加拿大杨、新生×小黑50杨、小×加暴638杨、长春加拿大杨、舍伯吐杨、美×小47杨、龙荷夫健杨、107号杨、格尔里杨、小青×美杨、富锦3号杨、98-30号杨、白城41号杨、健杨、黑×19杨、白城42号杨、N119杨、86-24号杨,以上是吉林省品种杨杂交育种较理想的抗叶锈病及黑斑病亲本。 相似文献
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为了探究基肥对油茶幼林地径、冠幅生长的影响,以油茶优良无性系长林40号新造林为试材,通过施入不同类型基肥配方进行正交施肥试验,并对2008年~2012年油茶幼林的地径、冠幅增长量与不同类型基肥及配方的关系进行方差分析。结果表明:基肥对油茶幼林地径、冠幅的生长起关键作用,复合肥和菜枯肥作基肥施入能够显著提高油茶幼林的地径和冠幅生长量,且基肥的有效时间可持续5 a;油茶幼林最佳基肥配方为钾肥0.78 kg/株+菜枯肥3.49 kg/株+磷肥1.61 kg/株+复合肥0.93 kg/株。 相似文献
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以美国紫薇10个家系1 a生实生苗为研究对象,探讨其高生长节律,旨在为紫薇的选择育种研究提供参考。对各家系苗高生长进程分析表明,紫薇不同家系苗高年生长规律基本一致,呈现"慢-快-慢-快-慢"的生长节律,2个生长高峰期为7月中下旬至8月初、8月下旬至9月初,其苗高生长量约占全年生长量的40%~50%;对10个家系的苗高、地径生长性状分析结果表明,家系间苗高、地径生长差异极显著,苗高、地径生长最大的2号、6号家系分别高出生长量最小的4号、7号家系150%和49%。各家系内单株之间也存在丰富的变异,苗高平均变异系数为30.9%,地径平均变异系数为22.35%。家系间、家系内存在较为丰富的变异,预示着具有较大的选择潜力。 相似文献
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比较施用叶面肥对大棚基质栽培辣木生长和产量的影响,结果表明:5种叶面肥与对照相比均能不同程度地促进辣木生长,但差异不显著;各处理均能极显著提高鲜叶产量,其中千叶液肥1号+2号600倍液处理比对照增产41.11%,显著地优于其他处理和对照;其他处理的效果依次为千叶液肥1号600倍液,大肥宝600倍液,狮马叶翠1 000倍液,一遍绿750倍液。 相似文献
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澳大利亚湿加松F_2代在广东早期生长表现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对广东省西江林场、银盏林场、通门林场、浸潭大树墩和龙坪林场等利用澳大利亚昆士兰F2代种子营造的湿加松幼林的生长状况和立地条件进行调查,分析幼林树高、地径或胸径生长与立地条件的关系。结果表明:在高温多雨的广东地区,F2代湿加松具有广泛的适应性。3年生时的树高及胸径分别比同年龄的湿地松大20.26%和27.27%。坡位、坡向、表土层厚度等因素对湿加松幼林的生长起着重要的作用。广东省的地理环境和气候状况适宜湿加松的生长。澳大利亚引进的F2代湿加松在广东省种植后生长情况较好,有着良好的发展前景。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献