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1.
Kazumi Aoki Motoaki Tojo Ken Watanabe Shihomi Uzuhashi Makoto Kakishima 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(6):408-410
Severe cottony leak was found on stems of scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) in Ibaraki Prefecture in August 2006. The causal fungus was identified as Pythium aphanidermatum. The name cottony leak of scarlet runner bean (Watagusare-byo in Japanese) is proposed for this new disease. 相似文献
2.
为明确红颈常室茧蜂Peristenus spretus Chen et van Achterberg定位寄主绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)时利用的挥发性信息物质来源,利用Y型昆虫嗅觉仪测定了红颈常室茧蜂雌雄成虫对绿盲蝽3龄若虫及其为害寄主植物棉株以及雌性红颈常室茧蜂成虫、绿盲蝽成虫对苗期和花期的棉花、蓖麻的选择行为。结果表明,与干净空气(空白对照)相比,雌性红颈常室茧蜂对绿盲蝽3龄若虫、健康棉株的选择行为无显著差异,绿盲蝽3龄若虫为害的棉株对雌性红颈常室茧蜂具有显著的吸引作用,但在为害后去虫和未去虫处理间无显著差异;雄性红颈常室茧蜂对各处理均无明显的选择行为。与健康或为害后去虫的苗期棉花相比,雌性绿盲蝽成虫显著趋向花期蓖麻;而雌性红颈常室茧蜂只趋向于为害后的花期蓖麻。雌性红颈常室茧蜂对为害后去虫的花期棉花和花期蓖麻的选择行为显著高于相应的苗期植株。这表明雌性红颈常室茧蜂主要利用绿盲蝽若虫为害后寄主植物释放的挥发性信息物质来定位寄主绿盲蝽,且其对花期寄主植物的选择行为与绿盲蝽成虫具有一致性。 相似文献
3.
Iray Gell Antonieta De Cal Rosario Torres Josep Usall Paloma Melgarejo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(4):487-498
Five field experiments were performed in commercial orchards located in Lleida (Spain) over three growing seasons, 2000–2002,
in order to estimate the relationship between the incidence of latent infection caused by Monilinia spp. in peaches and the incidence of post-harvest brown rot. No latent infection was recorded at popcorn and the maximum
incidence occurred pre-harvest; in some orchards a second peak was detected during the pit hardening period. Monilinia laxa is the most prevalent species isolated from peaches with brown rot. There was a positive correlation between the incidence
of latent infection and that of post-harvest brown rot. The average incidence of latent infection during the crop season explained
55% of the total variation in the incidence of post-harvest brown rot. The effect of temperature (T) and duration of wetness (W) on the incidence of latent infection in peach and nectarine orchards was analysed using multiple regression. The regression
analysis indicated that T and W jointly explained 83% of the total variation in the incidence of latent infection. The model predicts no latent infections
when T < 8°C, and >22 h wetness are required when T = 8°C but only 5 h at 25°C are necessary for latent infection to occur. The incidence of brown rot and latent infection of
peaches caused by M. laxa under controlled experimental conditions were also affected by T and W, as well as by fruit maturity and inoculum concentration. Latent infections were produced in fruit when T was not suitable for the development of brown rot symptoms. In these experiments more than 4–5 h of daily wetness were required
after embryo growth in fruit sprayed to run-off with an inoculum concentration higher than 104 conidia ml−1 of M. laxa for brown rot and latent infections to develop. The fitted model obtained from the field data was able to predict the observed
data obtained under controlled environmental conditions. 相似文献
4.
Two diseases of adzuki bean, brown stem rot (BSR, caused by Cadophora gregata f. sp. adzukicola) and adzuki bean Fusarium wilt (AFW, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. adzukicola), are serious problems in Hokkaido and have been controlled using cultivars with multiple resistance. However, because a
new race of BSR, designated race 3, was identified, sources of parental adzuki bean for resistance to race 3 were needed.
Therefore, we examined 67 cultivars and lines of cultivated and wild adzuki bean maintained at the Tokachi Agricultural Experiment
Station using a root-dip inoculation method. Consequently, nine adzuki bean cultivars, one wild adzuki bean accession and
30 lines (including two lines resistant to all the three races of BSR and AFW) were confirmed to be resistant or tolerant
to race 3 of BSR, and we found a cultivar Akamame as well as a wild adzuki bean Acc2515 to be a new source for a resistance
gene to the race 3. This cultivar also holds promise as a source of resistance against other races of BSR and AFW. 相似文献
5.
P. Oyarzun M. Gerlagh A. E. Hoogland 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(1):23-33
Research on root rot pathogens of peas in the Netherlands has confirmed the prevalence ofFusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Pythium spp.,Mycosphaerella pinodes andPhoma medicaginis var.pinodella. Aphanomyces euteiches andThielaviopsis basicola were identified for the first time as pea pathogens in the Netherlands. Other pathogens such asRhizoctonia solani andCylindrocarpon destructans were also found on diseased parts of roots.
F. solani existed in different degrees of pathogenicity, and was sometimes highly specific to pea, dwarf bean of field bean, depending on the cropping history of the field.A. euteiches was specific to peas, whereasT. basicola showed some degree of physiological specialization. 相似文献
6.
为明确我国热带和亚热带地区蚕豆Vicia faba和豌豆Pisum sativum锈病的病原菌种类,通过致病性测定和ITS序列系统发育分析对来自我国云南省玉溪市的4份豌豆锈菌分离物及云南、广西、重庆和四川省(区、市)的5份蚕豆锈菌分离物进行系统鉴定。结果显示,分离自豌豆的锈菌WX1分离物对蚕豆和豌豆均具有高致病性,在侵染叶片上产生大量锈子器;分离自蚕豆的锈菌CX3分离物仅对蚕豆具有高致病性,能在叶片上产生大量夏孢子,而对豌豆的致病性相对较低,仅产生少量的夏孢子堆;分离物WX1和CX3对小扁豆和鹰嘴豆不具有致病性。基于ITS序列系统发育分析表明,所有不同寄主来源的蚕豆单胞锈菌分离物均聚类于一个系统发育组,但分离自蚕豆和豌豆的分离物分别聚类在不同的亚组。表明分离自云南省玉溪市豌豆上的蚕豆单胞锈菌Uromyces viciae-fabae应为豌豆专化型,定名为U. viciae-fabae ex P. sativaum,而来源于云南、广西、重庆和四川省(区、市)的蚕豆锈病病原菌为蚕豆专化型U. viciae-fabae ex V. faba。 相似文献
7.
Toshiko Furukawa Kinji Ushiyama Kunihei Kishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(2):117-119
A leaf spot disease of scarlet sage (Salvia splendens Sellow ex J.A. Shultes) found in Kanagawa and Tokyo prefectures was demonstrated to be caused by Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. and Curt.) Wei based on inoculation experiments, and morphological identification of the pathogenic fungus. Isolates
of C. cassiicola from cucumber, green pepper, and hydrangea were also pathogenic to scarlet sage leaves. Although the isolates from cucumber,
green pepper, and hydrangea were pathogenic to scarlet sage leaves, the scarlet sage isolate was not pathogenic to cucumber,
green pepper, hydrangea, eggplant, tomato or soybean. 相似文献
8.
Norio Kondo Kie Nakazawa Shohei Fujita Hisanori Shimada Shigeo Naito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(5):360-363
Adzuki bean cultivar Acc259, which is resistant to races 1 and 2 of Phialophora gregata f. sp. adzukicola, was used as a breeding resource for resistance to brown stem rot (BSR). During the third year after two successive cultivations of Acc259, a severe outbreak of BSR occurred in an experimental plot at the Tokachi Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido, Japan. The isolates obtained from diseased plants were virulent to Erimo-shozu (susceptible to all races) and Acc259 but avirulent to Kita-no-otome (resistant to race 1 but susceptible to race 2). The existence of a new race of P. gregata f. sp. adzukicola, designated race 3, was determined; and its frequency in the plot soil was shown to increase from 16.7% before planting Acc259 to 100% after the third year. Of 140 isolates from the commercial production area that were formerly identified as race 1, 13 were actually race 3 and were restricted to certain limited fields. 相似文献
9.
Koji Tanina Motoaki Tojo Hirotaka Date Hideo Nasu Shinji Kasuyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(3):188-191
Severe rot was found at the base of leaves and stems of chingensai (Brassica campestris L. chinensis group) in Okayama Prefecture in 2000. The causal fungi were morphologically identified as Pythium ultimum Trow var. ultimum and P. aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzpatrick. This is the first report of rot caused by Pythium species on chingensai. We named this disease Pythium rot of chingensai. 相似文献
10.
Keisuke Tomioka Yuuri Hirooka Takayuki Aoki Toyozo Sato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(3):264-266
Severe rot of leaves, peduncles and flowers caused by Gibberella zeae (anamorph: Fusarium
graminearum) was found on potted plants of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis), a liliaceous ornamental, in greenhouses in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan, in January 2001. This disease was named “Fusarium
rot of hyacinth” as a new disease because only the anamorph, F.
graminearum, was identified on the diseased host plant.
The authors contributed equally to this work.
The fungal isolate and its nucleotide sequence data obtained in this study were deposited in the Genebank, National Institute
of Agrobiological Sciences and the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers MAFF239499 and AB366161, respectively. 相似文献
11.
Shigemitsu Kimura Susumu Tokumaru Kazuhiko Kuge 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(4):322-324
Yeast-like fungi were isolated from lesions on azuki bean (cv. Shin-Kyotodainagon) seeds that had been sucked by bean bugs
in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. On the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics and sequence data of the internal
transcribed spacer (ITS) regions including the 5.8S rDNA, these yeasts were identified as Eremothecium coryli and E. ashbyi. Pathogenicity of those yeasts was confirmed by a reinoculation test. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence
of yeast spot in azuki bean in Japan.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the GeneBank/EMBL/DDBJ database as accessions AB478291–AB478309 for
E. coryli AZC1–19 and AB478310–AB478317 for E. ashbyi AZA1–8. 相似文献
12.
Hiroyuki Ura Naruto Furuya Kazuhiro Iiyama Masatomo Hidaka Kenichi Tsuchiya Nobuaki Matsuyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(2):98-103
Rice plants with bacterial leaf-sheath browning and grain rot were observed in Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan during the autumn
seasons of 1995 and 1996. Burkholderia spp. were consistently isolated from the infected leaf sheaths and grains. These isolates were pathogenic and induced symptoms
of seedling rot, grain rot, and leaf-sheath browning in rice plants, as well as in some orchidaceous plants (cymbidium, dendrobium,
and oncidium leaves), gladiolus leaves, and onion bulbs. On the basis of morphological, physiological and pathological tests,
and species-specific polymerase chain reaction, the isolates were identified as belonging to either Burkholderia glumae or Burkholderia gladioli. B. gladioli, as well as B. glumae, attacked rice plants after artificial inoculation and reproduced the symptoms similar to those after natural infections.
We confirmed that rice is an additional natural host of B. gladioli. It is clarified that bacterial grain rot of rice is caused not only by B. glumae but also by B. gladioli. 相似文献
13.
Masahiro Shishido Nanako Yoshida Toshiyuki Usami Tetsuo Shinozaki Masanobu Kobayashi Taeko Takeuchi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(4):220-227
Although the causal agent of black root rot of Cucurbitaceae in Japan has been proposed as Phomopsis sclerotioides, the species identification of the pathogen has remained inconclusive because of a lack of spore formation. We confirmed
that a Japanese isolate of Phomopsis sp. obtained from a diseased pumpkin root produced pycnidia containing α spores in sterilized bean pods. In phylogenetic
analyses of rDNA-ITS regions, nine Japanese Phomopsis sp. isolates from melon, watermelon grafted onto bottle gourd, and pumpkin diagnosed with black root rot, formed a single
clade with P. sclerotioides standard isolates. We identified the causal agent of the black root rot of melon, pumpkin, bottle gourd, and watermelon in
Japan as P. sclerotioides and propose the Japanese name “Phomopsis-negusare-byo” for the disease. Patterns of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) of these Japanese isolates were also similar
to those of P. sclerotioides, thus supporting the species identification. However, mycelial incompatibilities were found for many combinations among these
P. sclerotioides isolates, suggesting some genotypic variations of this fungus in Japan at a level that the RAPD analyses cannot discriminate.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers AB201430
to AB201444 相似文献
14.
黄淮海夏玉米主产区穗腐病病原菌的分离鉴定 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为明确我国黄淮海夏玉米主产区玉米穗腐病的病原菌种类、优势种群及虫害、年度、省份对病原菌的影响,以形态学为基础,结合分子生物学方法对2013、2015年随机采自河南、河北、山东3省的155份玉米穗腐病样品进行分离鉴定。结果表明,引起黄淮海夏玉米主产区玉米穗腐病的主要致病菌为镰孢菌Fusarium spp.,包括拟轮枝镰孢F.verticillioides、禾谷镰孢F.graminearum、层出镰孢F.proliferatum、木贼镰孢F.equiseti及藤仓镰孢F.fujikuroi,分离频率分别为49.7%、28.4%、12.3%、3.9%和1.3%;其次为木霉菌Trichoderma spp.,包括哈茨木霉T.harzianum、绿色木霉T.viride和棘孢木霉T.asperellum,分离频率分别为8.4%、3.2%和5.2%;青霉菌Penicillium spp.分离频率较低,为14.2%;曲霉菌Aspergillus spp.包括黑曲霉A.niger和黄曲霉A.flavus,分离频率分别为2.6%和1.9%。研究表明,黄淮海主产区玉米穗腐病优势病原菌为拟轮枝镰孢、禾谷镰孢和木霉菌,不同省份不同年度间病原菌种类及优势病原菌存在差异,虫害能加重玉米穗腐病的发生。 相似文献
15.
In arid conditions in India,Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss: Fr.) P. Karsten was found to cause root rot diseases in jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) plants. In the rainy season, 10–15-year-old jojoba plants growing in the proximity of aGanoderma-infectedAcacia tortilis tree, developed disease symptoms. Twigs of affected plants started drying from the top of the branch; leaves turned yellowish
brown and finally abscissed; plants dried up within 1 to 3 months. Basidiocarps developed from decaying roots near the collar
region and produced colored stalks and fruiting caps. Pathogenicity of the fungus was established by keeping the infected
root segments in direct contact with roots of healthy jojoba plants. Root rot symptoms were expressed within 5 months in inoculated
plants subjected to moisture stress. 相似文献
16.
Biological Control of Sclerotinia Diseases of Rapeseed by Aerial Applications of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Q. Li H. C. Huang H. J. Miao R. S. Erickson D. H. Jiang Y. N. Xiao 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(4):345-355
Indoor and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of applying the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans to the aerial parts of rapeseed plants at the flowering stage to control sclerotinia diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Under controlled conditions, a petal inoculation technique was used to determine the effect of conidial suspensions of C. minitans on suppression of sclerotinia leaf blight. Results showed that C. minitans was effective in inhibiting infection initiated by ascospores of S. sclerotiorum on flower petals by restricting mycelial growth of the pathogen. Suppression of lesion development was related to the conidial
concentration of C. minitans, with larger lesions at low concentration (5×103conidia ml−1), but smaller lesions at high concentration (5×104 conidia ml−1 or higher). When C. minitans-treated rapeseed leaves were inoculated with mycelia of S. sclerotiorum, C. minitans failed to prevent infection of leaves, but caused a significant reduction in number of sclerotia produced on the diseased
leaves. No significant difference in efficacy was detected between the two isolates of C. minitans, LRC 2137 and Chy-1, on the two rapeseed cultivars, Westar (spring type) and Zhongyou 821 (winter type). Results of field
trials showed a significant reduction of stem rot of rapeseed in four (1997, 1999, 2003 and 2004) out of five years by aerial
application of C. minitans, compared with controls. No significant difference in suppressive efficacy was observed between the treatments of C. minitans (106 conidia ml−1), C. minitans (106 conidia ml−1) + benomyl (50 μg ml−1) and benomyl (100 μg ml−1) in 2003, and between the treatments of C. minitans (106 conidia ml−1), C. minitans (106 conidia ml−1) + vinclozolin (100 μg ml−1) and vinclozolin (500 μg ml−1) in 2004. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum collected from diseased plants in plots treated with C. minitans in 1999, 2000 and 2003, or with C. minitans + benomyl in 2003 were infected by C. minitans at frequencies ranging from 21.3 to 54.5%. This study concludes that aerial spraying of C. minitans is an effective method for controlling sclerotinia diseases of rapeseed. 相似文献
17.
Atilla Dursun M. Figen Dönmez Fikrettin Şahin 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(8):811-813
Common bacterial blight (CBB) in edible beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), incited Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli, reduces bean yields and seed quality. The main objective of this study was to determine resistance to common bacterial blight in bean genotypes. Twenty-two bean genotypes grown in Turkey including common and snap bean cultivars/lines were collected from different parts of Turkey and tested for resistance against to Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli strain MFD-11. All the common and snap bean lines/cultivars tested were moderately susceptible, susceptible or highly susceptible, except AG-7117 which was found resistant to Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli. This is the first report of a resistance source in a common bean line (AG-7117) against Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli. 相似文献
18.
Three hundred and ninety-three groundnut-associated bacterial strains, applied both as seed treatment and soil amendment,
were evaluated for control of stem rot disease (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii) of groundnut in a controlled environment. Twelve strains significantly (P=0.01) reduced the incidence of stem, rot of which groundnut seed endophytes Pseudomonas aeruginosa GSE 18 and GSE 19 reduced the seedling mortality by 54% and 58%, compared to the control. In dual cultures, the 12 biocontrol
strains reduced the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii by 32%–74% as compared to the control. Cell- free culture filtrates of P. aeruginosa GSE 18 and GSE 19 inhibited the activity in vitro of the cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDE) polygalacturonase and cellulase by S. rolfsii up to a maximum of 55% and 50%, respectively, when measured 6 days after inoculation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa GSE 18 and GSE 19 with a known tolerance to thiram, a commonly used seed dressing fungicide, suppressed the growth of S. rolfsii, inhibited the activity of CWDE, and reduced the incidence of stem rot, suggesting the usefulness of these biocontrol strains
as components in the integrated management of groundnut stem rot. 相似文献
19.
Plants have developed mechanisms to resist secondary infection upon inoculation with a necrotizing pathogen, chemical treatment
as well as treatment with some non-pathogenic microorganisms such as rhizosphere bacteria. This phenomenon has been variously
described as induced systemic resistance (ISR) or systemic acquired resistance. In the present study, the chemical benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic
acid-S-methyl ester (BTH, acibenzolar-S-methyl), and the rhizobacteriaPseudomonas aeruginosa KMPCH andP. fluorescens WCS417 were tested for their ability to induce resistance toColletotrichum lindemuthianum in susceptible and moderately resistant bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). BTH induced local and systemic resistance when bean leaves were immersed in 10−3 to 10−7 M BTH 3 days before the challenge inoculation. At a high concentration (10−3 M), BTH induced resistance of the same order as resistance induced by the pathogenC. lindemuthianum, although at this high concentration BTH appeared to be phytotoxic. Soil and seed treatment with 1 mg kg−1 BTH protected beans against anthracnose. BTH-mediated induced resistance was effective in susceptible and moderately resistant
plants.P. aeruginosa KMPCH induced resistance in bean againstC. lindemuthianum only in a moderately resistant interaction. KMPCH-567, a salicylic acid mutant of KMPCH, failed to induce resistance, indicating
that salicylic acid is important for KMPCH to induce resistance in the bean—C. lindemuthianum system.P.fluorescens WCS417 could induce resistance toC. lindemuthianum in a susceptible and in moderately resistant interactions.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 16, 2002. 相似文献
20.
Hideki Watanabe Yoshihiro Taguchi Mitsuro Hyakumachi Koji Kageyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(2):81-88
Pythium and Phytophthora species were isolated from kalanchoe plants with root and stem rots. Phytophthora isolates were identified as Phytophthora nicotianae on the basis of morphological characteristics and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the rDNA-internal
transcribed spacer regions. Similarly, the Pythium isolates were identified as Pythium myriotylum and Pythium helicoides. In pathogenicity tests, isolates of the three species caused root and stem rots. Disease severity caused by the Pythium spp. and Ph. nicotianae was the greatest at 35°–40°C and 30°–40°C, respectively. Ph. nicotianae induced stem rot at two different relative humidities (60% and >95%) at 30°C. P. myriotylum and P. helicoides caused root and stem rots at high humidity (>95%), but only root rot at low humidity (60%). 相似文献