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1.
Gray J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1960,132(3420):147-148
Sediments of probable Clarendonian age from central Arizona have furnished the only late Tertiary pollen assemblage known from the Southwest. The associated trees, shrubs, and herbs resemble the chaparral and conifer-oak woodland communities of the semiarid foothills and mountains of central and southeastern Arizona, and suggest a late Tertiary landscape and climate for central Arizona similar to that of today.  相似文献   

2.
An investigation of Quaternary, Tertiary, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic pollen and spores found in sediments of the Biscay Abyssal Plain provides data leading to the interpretation of the provenance of the lutite in which reworked plant microfossils occur. Owing to the difficulty of distinguish(Ag between Quaternary and reworked Tertiary pollen grains belonging to extant genera, caution is necessary in interpreting the pollen record in terms of Quaternary climatic changes.  相似文献   

3.
染病毒番茄植株与健康植株相比,在花药中游离脯氨酸含量和花粉萌发率方面存在着明显的差异。病株花药发育过程中游离脯氨酸的积累开始的晚,并且任一花药发育时期花药中的游离脯氨酸含量均比同一时期健康植株低。开花后0~3d中病株的花粉萌发率也比同期健康植株的低。本研究结果从生理生化上反映了番茄感染病毒后发生的病理变化状况。  相似文献   

4.
 【目的】研究光敏核不育水稻花药发育过程中Ca2+分布与花粉败育的关系。【方法】采用焦锑酸钾沉淀法,研究光敏核不育水稻农垦58S和可育品种农垦58N花药发育过程中药隔、药壁和花粉细胞中Ca2+的分布变化。【结果】不育花药与可育花药中Ca2+分布有很多差异:(1)可育花粉细胞表面逐渐积累丰富的Ca2+沉淀,花粉壁发育完全,细胞质中Ca2+很少;而不育花粉细胞表面Ca2+较少,花粉壁形成异常,细胞质中积累丰富的Ca2+沉淀。(2)不育花药绒毡层提前启动解体,且解体过程十分缓慢;不育花药较可育花药提前形成乌氏体,但其表面无Ca2+沉淀直至单核晚期才有明显分布,且数量少于同期可育花药。总体上看,除乌氏体以外,不育花药各壁层细胞中的Ca2+沉淀多于可育花药。(3)花药发育过程中,药隔组织中的Ca2+沉淀逐渐增多,同期相比,不育花药多于可育花药。【结论】光敏核不育水稻绒毡层细胞提早解体及乌氏体功能异常,导致Ca2+向药室的运输发生障碍,致使花粉表面缺乏Ca2+而引起花粉外壁形成不正常;花粉发育后期细胞质内积累大量Ca2+是花粉败育的主要因素之一。  相似文献   

5.
油松无性系雌雄配子体的形成及胚胎发育   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6  
油松雄球花于6月下旬开始分化,小孢子发生在翌年的4月20日左右,4月底或5月初散粉.成熟的花粉粒为4个细胞.雌球花7月中旬分化,次年4月下旬或5月上旬形成大孢子母细胞,经减数分裂后,形成大孢子.雌配子体经历游离核、细胞化、颈卵器及卵细胞形成等阶段后,5月下旬受精,从传粉到受精约需13个月.胚胎发育包括原胚、胚胎选择及发育和胚胎成熟3个阶段,历时3个半月.不同无性系在雌雄球花发端时间和大小孢子发育进程上存在较大差异,观察的5个无性系进入同一发育阶段的时间最多可相差10d,平均变幅为一周上下.该文还对新梢生长与花芽分化、胚珠和花粉败育作了讨论.  相似文献   

6.
Paleomagnetic data and marine magnetic surveys suggest that the Bay of Biscay was created by rifting due to an anticlockwise rotation of the Iberian peninsula. The period during which movement occurred is not known precisely, but a rotation, amounting to 22 degrees, appears to have taken place in post-Eocene time. To provide independent evidence on the age of the rift, bottom samples from the Biscay abyssal plain have been related to the distribution of seismic reflectors within the sediments. The investigation shows that a large part of the Bay of Biscay was in existence in late Cretaceous times and that the data can be interpreted in terms of some early Tertiary rotation. However, the amount of possible Tertiary opening is appreciably less than the paleomagnetic results suggest. In view of the fact that reflectors of Middle-Upper Miocene age can be traced as undisturbed horizons across the bay, all tectonic movements must have ceased by the early Miocene.  相似文献   

7.
Gray J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1960,132(3430):808-810
Pollen, spores, hystrichospherids, dinoflagellates, and the fresh-water alga Pediastrum occur in marine clays at the classic Claiborne Bluffs locality, Alabama. The presence of Ephedra pollen provides the first documented Tertiary record of this genus from the southeastern states. The occurrence of several characteristically temperate genera lends support to the idea that a deciduous hardwood forest was present in the Appalachian uplands during the Eocene.  相似文献   

8.
以紫丁香和什锦丁香为试验材料,对其开花习性和授粉特性进行调查研究。观察了紫丁香和什锦丁香的花器结构、开花形态、开花顺序、开花持续期、花粉活力及结实率等生物学特性。结果表明:紫丁香和什锦丁香均为两性花,紫丁香1 a开花1次,什锦丁香1 a开花2次。紫丁香群体开花大约在4月上中旬开始,5月初进入盛花期,5月中下旬开花基本结束;什锦丁香第1次花期在4月下旬~5月下旬,第2次花期在7月下旬~9月上旬。紫丁香和什锦丁香的花粉活力相对较高,放置5 d后紫丁香花粉基本降至无活力,而什锦丁香第1次开花的花粉活力可持续到第5 d;紫丁香的自然授粉结实率和自花授粉结实率都很高,而什锦丁香第1次开花的自然结实率仅为5.12%,第2次开花的自然结实率和自花授粉结实率均为0。  相似文献   

9.
光敏核不育水稻花粉发育的细胞学研究与PCD检测   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
应用石蜡切片技术和脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL),对光敏核不育水稻农垦58S和可育水稻农垦58N的花粉及花药壁发育过程进行了研究。结果表明:农垦58S雄性败育起始于花粉母细胞形成期,在发育过程中持续进行,终结于单核晚期,形成典败型花粉;TUNEL检测显示,农垦58S的绒毡层细胞在花粉母细胞时期启动细胞程序性死亡(PCD),但解体过程缓慢,一直持续到花粉发育后期,使单核花粉无法获得所需的营养物质而败育。  相似文献   

10.
高粱A_3类型CMS A_3JW败育过程的细胞学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以A3JW/B3JW为材料,对A3类型雄性不育系的减数分裂过程中染色体行为和花药发育过程中绒毡层的变化进行了细胞学观察研究。结果表明:A3JW与B3JW减数分裂过程中染色体行为无差异,均表现正常;从造孢细胞期到幼龄花粉粒期内,二者无明显差异;只是在花粉粒发育的后期,B3JW所有花粉粒都能被碘染色,而A3JW所有花粉粒均不被碘染色,花药中观察到变形的花粉粒。这说明,在这个时期,缺乏淀粉粒的沉积,A3JW花粉粒发育受阻。  相似文献   

11.
通过调查统计野生榧树Torreya grandis雄株的叶长、叶宽及叶片厚度,球花大小、花粉质量及开花时间等的差异变化.结合花粉粒的扫描电镜观察和香榧Torreyagrandis‘Merrillii’授粉试验,探讨榧树雄株相关性状的变异。结果表明:①雄株叶片要比雌株叶片长,叶片长度均值为2.12cm(变幅1.53~3.20cm),叶片宽度均值为0.32cm(变幅O.28~0.39ClTI),叶厚均值为0.23mm(变幅0.17~0.32mm);雄球花纵径均值为0.79cm(变幅0.49~1.32cm),横径均值为0.42cm(变幅0.32~0.54cm),雄球花质量均值为1.19g(变幅0.33~2.66g),花粉质量均值为0.170g(0.151~0.548g)。叶片及雄球花的各指标均有较大的变异系数,其中花粉质量的变异系数最大,达55.29%;叶片宽度的变异系数最小.也有8.83%:②雄株开始开花时间主要集中在4月16-18日,不同单株的雄花始花时间存在约1周的差异.营造香榧林时可以按需选择配置,特别应该适'-3配置晚花类型的雄株;③花粉近球型,直径为22~26¨m;不同地区、同一地区不同单株的花粉在外观上无明显差异;④不同来源的花粉显著影响香榧幼果坐果率,表明榧树雄株具有开展选优的潜力。图2表4参27  相似文献   

12.
Analyses of lignin oxidation products and pollen for an 11-meter core from Lake Washington provide independent but similar reconstructions of the late Quaternary vegetation in the Puget Lowland. An exception is in sediments of the late Pleistocene where pollen percentages and influx values suggest conifer forest whereas lignin compositions suggest a treeless source region. This dissimilarity appears to result from different major provenances: eolian transport of pollen to the lake from adjacent or downstream drainage basins as opposed to fluvial transport of lignified plant debris only from the Lake Washington drainage basin.  相似文献   

13.
采用石蜡切片技术和番红-固绿染色方法,观察研究毛茛小孢子发生和雄配子体的形成过程。研究结果表明,毛茛每个花药具有4个花粉囊,后期花粉囊变为2室;小孢子在四分体中的排列属四面体型;成熟花粉粒属2-细胞型;花粉囊壁由4层细胞构成,即表皮(1层)、药室内壁(1层)、中层(1层)、绒毡层(1层);绒毡层发育属分泌型。  相似文献   

14.
Baker RG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,168(3938):1449-1450
A radiocarbon-dated pollen diagram from a depression near the end of the southeast arm of Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, records the vegetation sequence from the retreat of Late Wisconsin (Pinedale) ice to the present time. The tundra Picea-Abies-Pinus albicaulis (spruce-fir-whitebark pine) parkland vegetation inferred during late glacial time changed rapidly to a Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) forest shortly before 11,550 carbon-14 years ago, suggesting a warming trend at that time. The Pinus contorta forest persisted with minor modification throughout postglacial time.  相似文献   

15.
对三个甘蓝型油菜隐性细胞核雄性不育系花药发育的解剖学观察表明,S45A和117A小孢子发生的细胞学特点相同,其雄性败育于减数分裂后的四分体至单核小孢子阶段。其主要特点是减数分裂完成后,小孢子不形成花粉壁并开始解体;同时,绒毡层细胞径向扩大和小液泡化并逐渐解体。9012A雄性败育于花粉母细胞至减数分裂四分体阶段。其主要特点是花粉母细胞减数分裂后 胼胝质壁不降解和不释放出四分体,并且四分体开始液泡化解  相似文献   

16.
Dinosaur extinction in Montana, Alberta, and Wyoming was a gradual process that began 7 million years before the end of the Cretaceous and accelerated rapidly in the final 0.3 million years of the Cretaceous, during the interval of apparent competition from rapidly evolving immigrating ungulates. This interval involves rapid reduction in both diversity and population density of dinosaurs. The last dinosaurs known are from a channel that contains teeth of Mantuan mammals, seven species of dinosaurs, and Paleocene pollen. The top of this channel is 1.3 meters above the likely position of the iridium anomaly, the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary.  相似文献   

17.
为明确宁夏南部山区枸杞的开花生物学特性,以当地枸杞主栽品种宁杞一号为材料,于2008-2010年对枸杞的开花物候、花粉活力、柱头可授性、泌蜜规律、花粉胚珠比和杂交指数等进行研究。结果表明,宁杞1号单花花期一般为3 d左右,老眼枝花期在4月下旬至5月上旬,七寸枝花在5月下旬至7月上旬,盛花期在5月下旬至6月下旬。花后2 h开始散粉,但花粉在散粉前就具有活力,花后6 h活性最强,72 h时花粉基本散尽且残余花粉活力很低。花后27 h内,5 a生树七寸枝花粉活力高于同时期10 a生树的花粉活力,其他时间段花粉活力基本一致。柱头在松蕾期和花后3 h内均不具备可授性,花后3 h开始具有可授性,18~36 h达最强,36 h候后可授性逐渐下降,花后60 h时基本丧失可授性。一天当中,枸杞单花蜜量7:00最大,此后在蜜量上逐渐减少,但含糖量上升,到15:00以后蜜量开始出现回升趋势。七寸枝初花期的蜜量显著高于老眼枝,而5 a生七寸枝在盛花期的蜜量显著高于10 a生树。枸杞单花花粉量约为241 000粒,花粉胚珠比介于4 918~6 694之间,杂交指数(OCI)为5,因而可以断定枸杞的繁育系统为专性异交类型,需要传粉媒介为...  相似文献   

18.
广东地质发展简史及植物区系溯源   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
广东植物区系的发展由来已久,现代的广东植物是晚白垩世或早第三世的孑遗物,地层中存在磊量的古植物化石。如本内苏铁,银杏,苏铁等极为丰富,种子特别是大羽羊齿尤为突出,而且在白垩纪晚期至第三纪的广东地层中,存在着丰富的现代植物的化石或化石孢粉组合,如朴树,桦木、鹅耳枥及松、冷杉、雪松等,还有其它阔叶树和针叶树,所有这些都与广东复杂的地质发展史密切相关,它预示着广东植物区系可能起源于亚带山地,而且广东无颖  相似文献   

19.
Regression equations relating pollen taxa from surface samples to temperature and precipitation are applied to a radiocarbon-dated pollen sequence in a lake core from Alerce. The resulting curves are a measure of the fluctuations of these climatic variables and show similarities to other late Quaternary records from the Southern Hemisphere.  相似文献   

20.
邵治亮 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(30):14653-14655
对300多个纯合二倍体结球甘蓝花粉母细胞减数分裂各时期的染色体进行观察,发现自然条件下纯合二倍体甘蓝花粉母细胞在减数分裂的双线期、终变期以及中期Ⅰ出现了高频率的1~3个四价体和中期Ⅰ有高频率的1~3对染色体提早分离和滞后分离2种异常现象,探讨了甘蓝结实率不高与染色体异常行为之间的关系。  相似文献   

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