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1.
土壤团聚体的数量和质量直接影响着土壤性质和有机碳固存。研究不同施肥措施及施肥年限对采煤塌陷区复垦土壤团聚体的重量分布比例及其稳定性的影响,可为该区农业生产和土壤质量提升提供科学依据。采集复垦6,11年定位试验不同施肥处理耕层(0—20 cm)土样,选取不施肥(CK)、平衡施氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、有机无机肥配施(MNPK)4个处理,利用干筛法和湿筛法获得4种粒径的团聚体/粉黏粒组分(>2,0.25~2,0.053~0.25,<0.053 mm),用>0.25 mm团聚体的含量(R0.25)、平均重量直径(MWD)、团聚体破坏率(PAD)和土壤不稳定团粒指数(ELT)表示团聚体的稳定性,同时测定土壤有机碳含量。结果表明:施肥年限较施肥措施对土壤团聚体的含量及稳定性产生了更显著的影响。干筛条件下,施肥6,11年均显著降低了各处理0.053~0.25 mm团聚体和<0.053 mm组分的含量,降幅分别为68.39%~87.37%,69.63%~78.32%(6年)和90.01%~93.68%,78.29%~83.93%(11年);湿筛条件下,施肥11年显著提高了各处理>2 mm团聚体的含量,增幅达473.35%~645.16%,但是显著降低了0.053~0.25 mm团聚体的含量,降幅为43.67%~57.54%。土壤团聚体的稳定性也随着施肥年限的增加而逐渐增强,表现为DR0.25、WR0.25和MWD值呈增加趋势,而PAD和ELT值呈降低趋势。土壤有机碳含量与DR0.25、WR0.25、MWD水稳性呈极显著正相关关系,而与PAD和ELT呈极显著负相关关系。本研究表明,该区域连续培肥11年提高了土壤大团聚体的含量而伴随着微团聚体含量的显著减少,导致土壤结构越来越稳定。这对于提高采煤塌陷区复垦土壤肥力、改善土壤结构产生了良好的效果。  相似文献   

2.
以福建省三明市砂岩发育的土壤为材料,应用干、湿筛法比较研究了格氏栲天然林、木荷林和锥栗林土壤团聚体粒径分布、稳定性及有机碳分布的差异,分析了团聚体稳定性与土壤有机碳的关系。结果表明:(1)干筛处理下,各林分土壤团聚体均以5mm粒径为主,且随粒径的减小而减少;湿筛处理下,各林分虽以0.25 mm大团聚体为主,但林分间差异显著,格氏栲天然林、木荷林和锥栗林0-10cm土层0.25mm大团聚体所占比例分别为78.4%,70.53%和55.62%;10-20cm土层趋势与之相似,所占比例分别为71.93%,67.05%和52.72%。(2)各林分0-10cm和10-20cm土层干筛MWD值、分形维数D值均无显著差异;湿筛处理后,两土层MWD值格氏栲天然林均为最高(3.22mm和3.12mm),木荷林次之(2.86mm和2.81mm),锥栗林最低(2.46mm和2.21mm),林分间差异显著,分形维数D值及PAD值变化趋势则与之相反,均以格氏栲天然林最低,其中锥栗林PAD值显著高于其他林分。(3)天然林转换成人工林后,0-10cm土层各粒径水稳性团聚体有机碳含量均显著下降,但都随着粒径的减小呈先增加再减少再增加,以0.25~2mm和0.053mm粒径团聚体有机碳含量最高。(4)0-10cm土层0.25mm水稳性大团聚体数量与土壤有机碳含量呈极显著正相关,10-20cm土层两者关系不显著。研究表明,天然林转换成人工林对土壤结构产生了较大影响,导致大团聚体数量减少,团聚体稳定性下降以及表层土壤团聚体有机碳含量降低,人为扰动的增加、地表覆盖度的下降及有机质输入的减少可能是产生这一现象的主要原因,而10-20cm土层虽然呈现出随土壤有机碳含量下降大团聚体数量减少的趋势,但相关性并不显著,表明在有机质含量较低时,团聚体稳定性可能受到其他因素的影响。  相似文献   

3.
将茶生产过程中产生的茶渣在500℃下制成生物质炭,针对雅安名山区3种典型茶园土壤(紫色土、水稻土和黄壤)进行112 d的室内培养试验,包括CK、0.5%、1%、2%和4%5种炭土比,共计15个处理,采用湿筛法分析不同生物质炭添加比例下3种茶园土壤水稳性团聚体组成、稳定性和有机碳分布的影响。研究表明:生物质炭输入后3种土壤0.25 mm粒径水稳性大团聚体的数量有所增加,且生物质炭添加比例越高提升越大,其中紫色土中2 mm粒径含量增幅最大,最高提升了12.71%;水稻土和黄壤则是0.25～2 mm粒径增幅最大,最高分别提升了8.25%和8.19%。3种土壤的MWD、GMD和R0.25值均有所增加,土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性增加,表现为高添加量下作用更显著,且对黄壤的提升效果最佳。3种土壤各粒径团聚体有机碳的含量大幅提升,且随添加比例的增加而增加,各处理间差异显著(P0.05),紫色土中0.053 mm粒径的增幅高达96.35%,水稻土中0.053～0.25 mm粒径有机碳含量增幅高达74.22%,黄壤中2 mm粒径有机碳含量增幅最高达到334.79%。3种土壤中均是0.25～2 mm粒径有机碳相对贡献率最高。总体上,茶渣生物质炭输入后可增加3种茶园土壤的大团聚体数量,提升团聚体稳定性,对各粒径水稳性团聚体有机碳的含量也有显著提升作用(P0.05)。  相似文献   

4.
沈阳市郊玉米连作土壤有机质组成及其对土壤结构的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
通过对沈阳市郊玉米连作土壤的有机质、结构情况以及二者相互关系研究表明,土壤中有机质大致范围在16.31gkg-1～23.72gkg-1,腐殖质大致范围在15.17gkg-1～21.49gkg-1,非腐殖质大致范围在1.14gkg-1～2.59gkg-1;在腐殖质各组分中,胡敏素的含量最高,约占腐殖质总量的58.93%～66.34%,胡敏酸约占16.26%～22.87%,富里酸约占16.82%～18.20%,胡富比约在0.95～1.32之间;干筛处理后>0.25mm的土壤团聚体占到80%以上,其中以>2mm团聚体为主,湿筛处理后>0.25mm的土壤团聚体仅占20%左右,其中0.25～0.5mm团聚体为主,水稳性系数在17.33%～35.67%。对有机质及其各组分与土壤各级团聚体做的相关分析结果表明,有机质与0.25～5mm粒径组的团聚体呈显著相关,与>5mm团聚体不相关,且胡敏酸主要影响1～5mm大团聚体的形成。  相似文献   

5.
土壤团聚体的数量和质量直接影响着土壤性质和有机碳固存。研究长期不同施肥措施及复垦年限对采煤塌陷区土壤团聚体的重量分布比例及其稳定性的影响,为该区域的农业生产和土壤质量提升提供科学依据。采集复垦6年和11年定位试验不同施肥处理耕层土样,选取不施肥(CK)、平衡施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、有机无机肥配施(MNPK)4个处理,利用干筛法和湿筛法获得4种粒径的团聚体/粉黏粒组分(> 2 mm、0.25-2 mm、0.053-0.25 mm和< 0.053 mm),用> 0.25 mm团聚体含量(R0.25)、平均重量直径(MWD)、团聚体破坏率(PAD)和土壤不稳定团粒指数(ELT)表示团聚体的稳定性,并测定了土壤有机碳含量。结果表明：复垦年限对土壤团聚体的含量及稳定性影响产生了显著影响。干筛条件下,复垦6年和11年均显著降低了各处理0.053-0.25 mm团聚体和< 0.053 mm组分的含量,降幅分别为68.39%-87.37%、69.63%-78.32%(6年)和90.01%-93.68%、78.29%-83.93%(11年)；湿筛条件下,复垦11年显著提高了各处理> 2 mm团聚体的含量,增幅达473.35%-645.16%,但是显著降低了0.053-0.25 mm团聚体的含量,降幅为43.67%-57.54%。土壤团聚体的稳定性也随着复垦年限的增加而逐渐增强,表现为DR0.25、WR0.25和MWD值呈增加趋势,而PAD和ELT值呈降低趋势。土壤有机碳含量与DR0.25、WR0.25、MWD水稳性呈极显著正相关关系,而它与PAD和ELT呈极显著负相关关系。本研究表明,该区域连续复垦11年提高了土壤大团聚体的含量而伴随着微团聚体含量的显著减少,导致土壤结构越来越稳定。它对提高采煤塌陷区复垦土壤肥力、改善土壤结构效果最佳。  相似文献   

6.
[目的]分析不同利用方式下新疆巴音布鲁克高寒草地土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳分布差异,为评价该区域土壤团聚体有机碳等生态功能提供理论基础。[方法]选取巴音布鲁克高寒草地开垦、弃耕还牧、放牧3种处理,以10 cm为一个梯度,采集0—40 cm土层土壤,采用干筛和湿筛两种方法筛分土壤团聚体,测算土壤团聚体的平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、土壤团聚体破坏率(PDA)和土壤有机碳(SOC)含量,明确不同利用方式下高寒草地土壤团聚体稳定性及团聚体有机碳含量的差异。[结果](1)3种利用方式下,高寒草地土壤团聚体均以大团聚体(≥0.25 mm粒径)为主。亚表层(10—20 cm)土壤,弃耕还牧处理的PDA显著低于放牧处理(p<0.05),与开垦处理无显著差异(p>0.05);而除亚表层(10—20 cm)外,弃耕还牧处理其余土层土壤PDA显著高于开垦处理和放牧处理(p<0.05)。表层(0—10 cm)土壤,开垦处理与放牧处理PDA无显著差异(p>0.05);而除表层(0—10 cm)外,开垦处理其余土层土壤PDA显著高于放牧处理。(2)弃耕还牧处理的SOC含...  相似文献   

7.
灰质白云岩土壤有机碳的团聚体保护   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
采集喀斯特地区灰质白云岩发育的乔木林下土壤,全部湿筛分为>5mm,5～2mm,2～1mm,1～0.5mm,0.5～0.25mm共5个粒级团聚体,再将5个粒级团聚体进行碳水化合物提取后后再次分别湿筛,收集>5mm,5～2mm,2～1mm,1～0.5mm,0.5～0.25mm共5个粒级的团聚体样品.对两次湿筛中5个粒级的土壤分别进行团聚体含量、土壤有机碳、土壤可氧化态有机碳测定,分析土壤团聚体稳定性与土壤有机碳、土壤可氧化态有机碳的关系.结果表明:灰质白云岩乔木林下土壤在经过提取碳水化合物的第二次湿筛后,大粒级团聚体(>5mm,5～2mm)向小粒级(2～1mm,1～0.5mm,0.5～0.25mm)转移;有机碳主要存在于较大粒级团聚体中,但各粒级团聚体有机碳并不随之转移;各粒径团聚体可氧化态碳含量均减少,但较大粒级(>5mm,5～2mm)可氧化态有机碳含量多,较小粒级(2～1mm,1～0.5mm,0.5～0.25mm)可氧化态有机碳含量少,故推测较大粒级团聚体(>2mm)保护土壤活性有机碳能力比较小粒级团聚体(<2mm)强.  相似文献   

8.
为研究杉木人工林土壤团聚体分布特征及其稳定性,探索杉木人工林土壤结构状况,以不同发育阶段杉木人工林0—100cm土层为研究对象,采用干筛法测定土壤团聚体组成,采用湿筛法测定团聚体稳定性,结果表明:在干筛处理下,各发育阶段杉木人工林土壤团聚体以大团聚体(0.25mm)为主,大团聚体比例皆达80%以上,中龄林和成熟林土壤大团聚体比例在各土层中均高于幼龄林,且在0—20cm土层差异显著(P0.05);在各土层中,不同发育阶段杉木人工林5mm粒径的土壤团聚体皆占较高比例,且不同发育阶段对5mm粒径的土壤团聚体组成比例有显著影响。在湿筛处理下,各发育阶段水稳性大团聚体(0.25mm)比例随土层加深而显著降低,0—80cm各土层内,中龄林和成熟林土壤水稳性团聚体比例高于幼龄林,且在0—20cm和20—40cm土层中龄林比幼龄林分别高41.79%和39.06%,差异显著;各发育阶段杉木人工林土壤团聚体破坏率(PAD)特征与水稳性大团聚体相反;平均重量直径(MWD)和平均几何直径(GMD)随土层加深而显著下降,其中中龄林和成熟林土壤团聚体GMD在0—100cm各土层内均显著高于幼龄林。据此认为,杉木人工林土壤团聚体稳定性随土层加深而降低,中龄林和成熟林土壤结构优于幼龄林。  相似文献   

9.
不同土地利用方式下土壤团聚体的组成及稳定性研究   总被引：20，自引：5，他引：15  
采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法.就不同土地利用方式下土壤团聚体的组成及稳定性进行了研究.试验结果表明:(1)干筛处理下土壤团聚体均以>5 mm粒径为主,总体随粒径的减小呈先降低后增加再降低的趋势;湿筛处理下土壤团聚体以<0.25 mm粒径为主,总体随粒径的减小呈先降低后增加的趋势.(2)干筛处理下,平均重量直径和几何平均直径均表现为桉树人工林最大,杉木人工林最小;湿筛处理下平均重量直径和几何平均直径均以杉木人工林最大,枇杷园最小.(3)风干性团聚体的分形维数表现为杉木人工林>茶园>枇杷园>桉树人工林>撂荒地,水稳性团聚体的分形维数表现为枇杷园>撂荒地>茶园>桉树人工林>杉木人工林.  相似文献   

10.
施用生物质灰渣对柑橘园土壤团聚体及有机碳分布的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
为探讨生物质灰渣施用对紫色丘陵区柑橘园土壤团聚体组成、稳定性以及不同土层各粒级团聚体有机碳分布的影响。以重庆市现代果树生态示范园为研究对象,采用沙维诺夫干筛法和湿筛法测定了土壤中各粒级团聚体含量,并用重铬酸钾外加热法测定其水稳定性团聚体的有机碳含量。结果表明:(1)干筛下,B处理(施用生物质灰渣21 260kg/hm~2)R_(0.25)含量高于A处理(对照),且A和B处理土壤团聚体主要以5mm粒径团聚体为主,其含量均大于70%;湿筛下,B处理20—40cm土层土壤R0.25含量高于0—20cm和40—60cm土层,分别增加了6.47%和11.60%,A处理也呈现相同的变化趋势,且A和B处理土壤水稳定团聚体主要以0.25mm粒径团聚体为主。(2)在0—20cm土层中,B处理在湿筛下的GMD和MWD均高于A处理,分别比A处理增加了0.87%和2.87%;在40—60cm中,B处理在干筛下的GMD和MWD达最大值,分别为4.54,4.81mm,可见配施生物质灰渣有利于提高土壤团聚体的稳定性,尤其有利于提高土壤表层(0—20cm)和亚表层(20—40cm)的团聚体稳定性。(3)与表层相比,A处理40—60cm土层5,5~2,2~1,1~0.5mm有机碳含量降幅分别是B处理的1.13,1.06,1.15,1.13倍,施用生物质灰渣能减小20—40cm和40—60cm土层有机碳的降幅;总体上,B处理各土层各粒级团聚体有机碳含量均高于A处理,提高土壤团聚体各粒级有机碳含量。(4)B处理0—60cm土层土壤团聚体有机碳总储量为4.318 8×10~5 kg/hm~2,比A处理高1.86%。配施生物质灰渣能够增加大团聚体的数量,提高土壤各粒级团聚体有机碳含量及有机碳储量,提高土壤有机碳水平。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

Soil samples were obtained at 0–3, 3–6, 6–9 and 0–9 inch depths from experimental plots receiving five tillage treatments. Each of two samplers composited approximately six one‐inch cores from each plot. Soil samples were analyzed for acidity, P and K using routine analysis procedures in the University of Illinois Soil Testing Laboratory.

Few significant differences were attributed to sampler and it was concluded that samplers using similar sampling techniques were obtaining soil samples from the same population.

No significant differences in soil acidity at different depths were observed. The different tillage methods did significantly affect soil P at the 0–3 inch depth, but had no significant effect on soil P at deeper depths. Different tillage methods also significantly affected soil K values at different depths.  相似文献   

12.
Soil textural information is an important component underlying other soil health indicators. Soil texture analysis is a common procedure, but it can be labor intensive and expensive. Soil texture data typically are available from the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database, which may be an option for determining soil health texture groups (SHTG). The SSURGO database provides soil texture information in the soil map unit (SMU) name, taxonomic class category (family), and detailed values (≤ 2 mm soil fraction) of percent sand, silt and clay by soil horizon. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of using SSURGO data for SHTG at the 147-ha Cornell University Willsboro Research Farm in New York state as an alternative for soil texture data determined manually on collected soil core samples. Comparative results revealed that representative values for soil texture from the SSURGO database generally matched measured mean values for all SMUs.  相似文献   

13.
土壤含水率与土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响   总被引：11，自引：11，他引：11  
土壤含水率和土壤碱度是表征土壤物理化学性质的两个重要参数。通过室内三轴不固结不排水试验，研究了土壤含水率和土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响。试验处理采用5种土壤碱度(土壤可交换钠百分比ESP=0、5、10、20、40)和4种土壤质量含水率(0.05、0.10、0.20以及饱和含水率0.34)水平。试验结果显示，土壤黏聚力随着土壤含水率的增加基本上呈先增大后减小之趋势；当土壤含水率在0.10附近时黏聚力达到其最大值。土壤内摩擦角随着土壤含水率的增加而线性减小。土壤碱度对土壤黏聚力的影响机理较为复杂，其影响效果随土壤含水率的增加而减小；但土壤碱度对土壤内摩擦角的影响较小。土壤碱度对土壤抗剪强度的影响程度明显地小于土壤含水率对其的影响程度。  相似文献   

14.
Microbial activity is affected by changes in the availability of soil moisture. We examined the relationship between microbial activity and water potential in a silt loam soil during four successive drying and rewetting cycles. Microbial activity was inferred from the rate of CO2 accumulating in a sealed flask containing the soil sample and the CO2 respired was measured using gas chromatography. Thermocouple hygrometry was used to monitor the water potential by burying a thermocouple in the soil sample in the flask. Initial treatment by drying on pressure plates brought samples of the test soil to six different water potentials in the range -0.005 to -1.5MPa. Water potential and soil respiration were simultaneously measured while these six soil samples slowly dried by evaporation and were remoistened four times. The results were consistent with a log-linear relationship between water potential and microbial activity as long as activity was not limited by substrate availability. This relationship appeared to hold for the range of water potentials from ?0.01 to ?8.5 MPa. Even at ?0.01 MPa (wet soil) a decrease in water potential from ?0.01 to ?0.02 MPa caused a 10% decrease in microbial activity. Rewetting the soil caused a large and rapid increase in the respiration rate. There was up to a 40-fold increase in microbial activity for a short period when the change in water potential following rewetting was greater than 5 MPa. Differences in microbial activity between the wetter and drier soil treatments following rewetting to the original water potentials are discussed in terms of the availability of energy substrate.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

The design, dimensiors and materials for constructing volumetric soil measures for routine soil testing use are presented. Scoop calibration techniques are also described. Reproducibility of results obtained under routine laboratory, conditions are shown. The measures include volumes of 1.0‐, 2.5‐, 5.0‐ and 10‐ cm3 respectively.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

The design, materials and dimensions for constructing a coring device for sampling soil fauna and flora at different depths is described.  相似文献   

17.
The interaction of soil microbes with their physical environment affects their abilities to respire, grow and divide. One of these environmental factors is the amount of moisture in the soil. The work we published almost 25 years ago showed that microbial respiration was linearly related to soil-water content and log-linearly related to water potential. The paper arose out of collaboration between two young researchers from different areas of soil science, physics and microbiology. The project was driven by not only our curiosity but also the freedom to operate without the constraints common to the current system of science management. The citation history shows three peaks, 1989, 1999 and from 2002 to the present day. Interestingly, the annual citation rate is as high as it has ever been. The initial peak is due to the application of the work to studies on microbial processes. The second peak is associated with the rise of simulation modelling and the third with the relevance of the findings to climate change research. In this article, our paper is re-evaluated in the light of subsequent studies that allow the principle of separation of variables to be tested. This re-evaluation lends further credence to the linear relationship proposed between soil respiration and water content. A scaled relationship for respiration and water content is presented. Lastly, further research is suggested and more recent work on the physics of gas transport discussed briefly.  相似文献   

18.
《CATENA》1998,32(1):15-22
Evaluation of various soil erosion models with large data sets have consistently shown that these models tend to over-predict soil erosion for small measured values, and under-predict soil erosion for larger measured values. This trend appears to be consistent regardless of whether the soil erosion value of interest is for individual storms, annual totals, or average annual soil losses, and regardless of whether the model is empirical or physically based. The hypothesis presented herein is that this phenomenon is not necessarily associated with bias in model predictions as a function of treatment, but rather with limitations in representing the random component of the measured data within treatments (i.e., between replicates) with a deterministic model. A simple example is presented, showing how even a `perfect' deterministic soil erosion model exhibits bias relative to small and large measured erosion rates. The concept is further tested and verified on a set of 3007 measured soil erosion data pairs from storms on natural rainfall and run-off plots using the best possible, unbiased, real-world model, i.e., the physical model represented by replicated plots. The results of this study indicate that the commonly observed bias, in erosion prediction models relative to over-prediction of small and under-prediction of large measured erosion rates on individual data points, is normal and expected if the model is accurately predicting erosion rates as a function of environmental conditions, i.e., treatments.  相似文献   

19.
Soil degradation, decrease in soil's actual and potential productivity owing to land misuse, is a major threat to agricultural sustainability and environmental quality. The problem is particularly severe in the tropics and sub-tropics as a result of high demographic pressure, shortage of prime agricultural land, harsh environments, and resource poor farmers who presumably cannot afford science based recommended inputs. Tillage methods and soil surface management affect sustainable use of soil resources through their influence on soil stability, soil resilience, and soil quality. Soil stability refers to the susceptibility of soil to change under natural or anthropogenic perturbations. In comparison, soil resilience refers to soil's ability to restore its life support processes after being stressed. The term soil quality refers to the soil's capacity to perform its three principal functions e.g. economic productivity, environment regulation, and aesthetic and cultural values. There is a need to develop precise objective and quantitative indices of assessing these attributes of the soil. These indices can only be developed from the data obtained from well designed and properly implemented long-term soil management experiments conducted on major soils in principal ecoregions.  相似文献   

20.
黑土区土壤侵蚀厚度对土地生产力的影响及其评价   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  
刘慧  魏永霞 《农业工程学报》2014,30(20):288-296
为了研究黑土区土壤侵蚀厚度对土地生产力的影响,采用盆栽试验,人为剥离黑土表层0、5、10、15、20、25和30 cm土壤以模拟侵蚀厚度不同的耕层土壤,分析土壤侵蚀厚度对土壤理化性质、大豆生物性状和水分利用效率等指标的影响。并对TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution)模型进行改进,用于评价侵蚀厚度不同的土壤的土地生产力。结果表明:土壤全N、碱解N、全P、速效P、有机质含量和土壤田间持水率均随侵蚀厚度的增加而递减,土壤容重随侵蚀厚度的增加而递增。土壤侵蚀厚度对大豆生长有显著影响,随着侵蚀厚度的增加,大豆减产率呈"S型"曲线递增,产量、耗水量呈"Z型"曲线递减,水分利用效率呈指数曲线关系递减。改进的TOPSIS模型对不同侵蚀厚度下土地生产力的评价结果较为理想,计算的土地生产力指数随土壤侵蚀厚度的变化呈"Z型"曲线,与大豆产量的变化趋势相同,且二者呈指数函数关系,决定系数达0.996,均方根误差为0.65。研究结果可为黑土区土壤侵蚀防治提供理论依据。  相似文献   

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