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1.
观察钩藤散对老年鼠衰老相关指标的影响。将老龄大鼠随机均分为4组,试验高剂量组每天灌胃给生药5g/kg体重(人的10倍等效量),中剂量组2.5g/kg,低剂量组1.25g/kg,正常对照组每天灌胃等量的蒸馏水,连续给药5周后测定血清乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACHE)活力和脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷光甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、单胺氧化酶(MAO-B)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量变化。结果:3个试验组的血清ACHE活力、脑中SOD活力、GSH-PX含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),脑中MDA、MAO-B含量显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。说明钩藤散能提高抗氧化能力,降低自由基含量,具有抗衰老作用。 相似文献
2.
探讨新兽药板芪口服液的急性毒性与长期毒性,评价其安全性。小鼠灌服板芪口服液进行急性毒性预试验,未获得动物的半数致死量,遂以最大给药剂量(270 g生药·kg~(-1)体重)进行急性毒性试验。将80只大鼠随机分为板芪口服液低、中、高剂量组和空白对照组,每组20只,雌雄各半,进行长期毒性试验。分别以10 g生药·kg~(-1)体重(猪临床推荐剂量的20倍)、20 g生药·kg~(-1)体重(猪临床推荐剂量的40倍)、40 g生药·kg~(-1)体重(猪临床推荐剂量的80倍)给大鼠灌服,对照组灌服等体积蒸馏水,给药容积为1 m L·100 g~(-1)体重,每天1次,连续给药30 d,期间观察大鼠外观体征及行为活动。停止给药24 h和15 d后进行剖检、血液生化检查和病理组织切片观察。结果显示,板芪口服液急性毒性试验评价为无毒,长期毒性试验中各剂量组大鼠的观察指标和测定指标与空白对照组相比均无显著差异,表明板芪口服液安全无毒,可用于临床试验。 相似文献
3.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(13)
为了确定金菊解毒颗粒在大鼠体内毒性的潜在靶器官和观察不到毒性反应的剂量,试验采用大鼠长期毒性试验方法,每天对大鼠按体重灌胃给予低、中、高剂量(生药浓度为11.25,22.50,45.00 g/kg)金菊解毒颗粒1次,连续给药5周,停药恢复2周。给药期间和恢复期间观察各组大鼠的一般状况,每周测定大鼠体重及进食量,给药期结束和恢复期结束检测大鼠各项尿常规指标、血液学指标和血清生化学指标,并对大鼠脏器进行系统观察和病理组织学检查。结果表明:金菊解毒颗粒高剂量组大鼠球蛋白(GLB)降低,谷丙转氨酶(ALT)升高,谷草比值(ALT/AST)升高,雄性大鼠体重减轻;中剂量组大鼠谷丙转氨酶升高,雄性大鼠体重减轻;低剂量组大鼠各项指标无明显变化。说明金菊解毒颗粒对大鼠灌胃给药的基本安全剂量按体重为11.25 g/kg(生药浓度)。 相似文献
4.
芪参口服液的毒理学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为评价芪参口服液临床用药的安全性,根据毒理学评价程序和方法对其进行了急性毒性试验和长期毒性试验。在急性毒性试验中,将40只昆明小鼠按体重随机分为2组,采用最大给药量法测定小鼠口服芪参口服液的最大耐受剂量;在长期毒性试验中,将80只Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为4组,3个剂量组分别按3.75、7.5、15 g/kg体重给大鼠灌胃,对照组给予同体积生理盐水,1次/d,连续4周。记录每日饮水量、饲料采食量及每周体重,检测给药4周及停药2周血液生化指标、血常规、脏器系数和组织病理学变化。试验结果显示,小鼠口服芪参口服液的最大耐受剂量为生药量40 g/kg,此剂量相当于临床日用量的40倍。部分给药组采食量和饮水量与对照组相比出现显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)变化,但对平均周增重无显著性影响(P＞0.05);血常规的部分指标出现显著(P＜0.05)或极显著变化(P＜0.01),但停药2周后,所有指标与相应的对照组相比无显著性差异(P＞0.05);给药组血液生化和脏器系数的各项指标与对照组相比,无显著性变化(P＞0.05)。病理组织学检查无明显差异。试验结果表明,在本次试验条件下,该口服液安全无毒。 相似文献
5.
为了评价抗感败毒口服液临床用药的安全性,对SD大鼠的生长和血液理化指标进行了试验研究,选用了健康大鼠80只,雌雄各半,随机分为高、中、低剂量组和对照组,其中高剂量组、中剂量组和低剂量组分别灌胃给予该口服液8 mL/kg、4 mL/kg和2 mL/kg体重,对照组按8 mL/kg体重灌服生理盐水,每天一次,连续给药35 d。各组末次给药24 h后,检测大鼠体重、血常规指标、血液生化指标、脏器系数及组织病理变化情况。结果表明,抗感败毒口服液各剂量组大鼠的体重、血液学检查、血液生化指标检查与对照组比较,均无显著差异（P>0.05）,雌性大鼠高剂量组的肝脏脏器指数与对照组相比有显著差异（P<0.05）,其他无显著差异（P>0.05）。肉眼观察实质器官无异常病变。结果提示,长期应用抗感败毒口服液对大鼠生长和血液理化指标无显著影响,临床用药安全。 相似文献
6.
仔猪痢清口服液的急性毒性实验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了了解仔猪痢清口服液在使用过程中的安全性,参照《兽药试验技术规范汇编》中有关急性毒性试验的要求,选用小白鼠进行急性毒性试验。在试验中,灌胃给药的最大剂量已达22．50g/kg（生药）,腹腔注射给药的最大剂量已达8．65g/kg（生药）,结果显示没有对小鼠造成任何可见的毒性反应,判定为实际无毒,表明仔猪痢清口服液是一种安全的中草药制剂。 相似文献
7.
给小鼠灌服不同剂量（每kg体重灌服9、5、7 g生药）的党参多糖口服液后,通过测定小鼠免疫脏器指数、网状内皮系统吞噬功能、半数溶血值等指标的变化评价其对免疫系统的作用。结果显示,党参多糖口服液可显著增强小鼠网状内皮系统的吞噬功能,提高成年小鼠脾脏指数（P<0.05）,能显著增强小鼠半数溶血值,提高小鼠的血清溶血素抗体生成水平（P<0.05）,说明党参多糖口服液有显著的免疫调节能力。该试验可为党参多糖口服液的临床应用提供参考。 相似文献
8.
《中国饲料》2015,(16)
为研究六氢β-酸月桂酸酯在鸡体内的药动学,本试验选用12只健康鸡,随机分为2组,分别单剂量40mg/kg体重灌胃给药和1 mg/kg体重静脉注射给药。在给药前后不同时间点从前腔静脉采集血样,分离血浆,用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中六氢β-酸月桂酸酯的浓度。用Winnonlin 5.2.1的非房室模型处理血浆药物浓度-时间数据。单剂量口服六氢β-酸月桂酸酯的主要药动学参数:Cmax(0.04±0.01)μg/m L,tmax(1.00±0.15)h,T1/2(2.35±0.17)h,AUC(0.13±0.01)μg·h/m L,V(1024.1±98.4)L/kg,CLB(302.2±7.6)L/h·kg,MRT(3.55±0.27)h;单剂量静脉注射六氢β-酸月桂酸酯的主要药动学参数:C0(1.25±0.17)μg/m L,T1/2(1.10±0.25)h,AUC(0.82±0.14)μg·h/m L,V(1.93±0.13)L/kg,CLB(1.25±0.21)L/h·kg,MRT(1.27±0.31)h。结果表明:灌胃六氢β-酸月桂酸酯与静脉注射六氢β-酸月桂酸酯相比,鸡灌胃给药的生物利用度为0.4%,灌胃给药后吸收极少,静脉注射血药浓度较高,消除半衰期均较短。 相似文献
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《中兽医医药杂志》2017,(3)
采用动脉血压直接测定方法观察不同剂量的川芎水煎醇沉液对家兔动脉血压及心率的影响。将家兔麻醉,分别耳缘静脉注射1g/kg、2 g/kg、4 g/kg剂量的川芎水煎醇沉液,通过BL-420E生物信号采集系统分别记录家兔给药前后收缩压、舒张压和脉压的变化。结果显示,与用药前比较,各剂量处理后家兔收缩压均有显著上升(P0.01),高剂量组随药物作用时间延长收缩压降低。各剂量处理后家兔舒张压均有显著降低(P0.01),高剂量组处理后动脉压均明显增加(P0.01),且2 g/kg川芎水煎醇沉液可使家兔的动脉压明显提高;心率随给药剂量的增加而显著降低(P0.01)。提示川芎水煎醇沉液对家兔有降压作用,各剂量组收缩压升高,舒张压降低,动脉压升高,心率降低。 相似文献
10.
为探讨高硒亚急性中毒对雌鼠生殖系统的毒性作用。将40只6周龄雌性小鼠随机分为对照组(0.00mg/kg体重.d)、低剂量组(0.135mg/kg体重)、中剂量组(0.54mg/kg体重)、高剂量组(2.16mg/kg体重),连续灌胃30d,研究亚硒酸钠对雌性小鼠的生长发育、生殖系统脏器指数、生殖系统超微结构、组织硒含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的影响。结果显示,第30天时染硒组小鼠体重极显著小于对照组(P<0.01),体重增幅随染硒剂量增加而降低;对照组的卵巢指数与高剂量组差异极显著(P<0.01),对照组子宫指数与中剂量组差异极显著(P<0.01),与其他两组差异显著(P<0.05),随着染毒剂量增加,卵巢指数下降,而子宫指数先升高后降低;对照组卵巢、子宫细胞发育良好,染硒组卵巢、子宫细胞均有不同程度的变性坏死,呈现凋亡细胞的典型特征;染硒组卵巢、子宫硒含量和对照组卵巢、子宫硒含量差异显著(P<0.05),其硒含量随染硒剂量增加而增加,表现出弱蓄积性;染硒组小鼠血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),与给硒剂量有明显负相关趋势。表明亚硒酸钠染毒可阻碍小鼠的生长发育,作用于生殖系统且有一定毒性作用,呈剂量效应关系。高硒状态下谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性与给硒剂量有明显负相关趋势。 相似文献
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12.
本试验旨在观察紫菀不同极性段提取物对SD大鼠的肝脏毒性损伤。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、石油醚组、乙酸乙酯组、正丁醇组、母液组、75%乙醇组,每组10只,灌胃给药0.34g生药/kg体重,连续28 d,观察对大鼠摄食量、体增重、脏器系数、尿液指标、血常规、血清生化指标、肝脏组织抗氧化酶、病理切片等的影响。试验结果显示各组大鼠体增重、肝脏组织抗氧化酶、尿液指标、脏器系数均无显著变化(P>0.05);雄鼠乙酸乙酯组、母液组白细胞计数(WBC)显著降低(P<0.05),正丁醇组极显著降低(P<0.01),雌鼠石油醚组、乙酸乙酯组WBC极显著降低(P<0.01),正丁醇组显著降低(P<0.05);雌鼠乙酸乙酯组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)显著升高(P<0.05);病理组织学检查可见石油醚组和乙酸乙酯组大鼠肝脏出现轻微的肝索紊乱、颗粒变性,其余组与空白组相比无明显差异。结果表明在0.34g生药/kg体重给药条件下,紫菀的石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取物对大鼠产生轻微的肝脏毒性。 相似文献
13.
PENG Wen-jing XIN Rui-hua REN Li-hua LUO Yong-jiang WANG Gui-bo LUO Chao-ying XIE Jia-sheng LI Jin-yu ZHENG Ji-fang 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(1):147-156
The aim of the experiment was to observe the liver toxicity of different polarity section extracts from Aster tataricus L.f.on SD rats.The subchronic test was performed via the daily oral administration of Aster tataricus L.f.at dose of 0.34 g/kg body weight in SD rats which were divided into six groups(control group, petroleum ether group, ethyl acetate group, N-butyl alcohol group, mother liquid group and 75% ethanol group), observing the effects on food consumption, body weight gain, viscera coefficient, urine examination, blood routine examination, serum biochemistry indices, liver antioxidant function analysis and histopathological observation.There was no significant changes of body weight gain, viscera coefficient, urine examination and liver antioxidant function among six groups(P>0.05), but WBC significantly and extremely significantly decreased in male rats of ethyl acetate group, mother liquid group and N-butyl alcohol group(P<0.05; P<0.01), and significantly and extremely significantly decreased in female rats of N-butyl alcohol group and petroleum ether group, ethyl acetate group(P<0.05; P<0.01);The LDH significantly increased in female rats of ethyl acetate group(P<0.05);Slight congestion and necrosis were showed in liver in petroleum ether group and ethyl acetate group, there was no differences observed in other groups.The extracts of Aster tataricus L.f., especially petroleum ether extract and ethyl acetate extract could cause slight liver toxicity under the dose of 0.34 g/kg body weight. 相似文献
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E. Jeunesse MS F. Woehrle DVM PhD M. Schneider PharmD PhD H.P. Lefebvre DVM PhD Dipl ECVPT 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2007,9(2):63-68
ObjectivesTo document the diuretic effect of different oral doses of spironolactone (SP) in healthy dogs.BackgroundSP is currently mentioned as a diuretic agent in the dog. However, the recommended doses were empirically defined and their corresponding diuretic effect has never been documented in dogs.Animals, materials and methodsEight adult Beagle dogs were used for two separate 2 * 2 cross-over designs. In the first cross-over, 4 dogs received SP orally for 8 days at 1 and 2 mg/kg per day. In the second cross-over the 4 other dogs received SP similarly, but at 4 and 8 mg/kg per day. Dogs were weighed on the first and last day of each period. Plasma SP and canrenone (the main active metabolite of SP) were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Daily water consumption, urine weight, urine specific gravity, and urine excretion of sodium and potassium were measured during the SP treatment.ResultsTwo hours after SP administration, SP was metabolized into canrenone. A significant 14 and 22% decrease in urine potassium excretion was observed at 1 and 2 mg/kg, respectively, but not at the two other dose levels. Daily water consumption, urine weight, urine specific gravity, and urine excretion of sodium were not significantly altered by the SP treatment regardless of dose.ConclusionsRepeated oral administration of SP at 1, 2, 4 or 8 mg/kg for 8 days had no effect on water and sodium diuresis in healthy dogs. 相似文献
15.
Uechi M Matsuoka M Kuwajima E Kaneko T Yamashita K Fukushima U Ishikawa Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(10):1057-1061
Torasemide is a new loop diuretic that combines the effects of furosemide and spironolactone. There are no reports on the effects of torasemide in cats and dogs. This study compared the diuretic effects of furosemide and torasemide in cats and dogs. Cats with pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy were given oral placebo, torasemide 0.3 mg/kg, or furosemide 1 mg/kg or 3 mg/kg. Control and mitral regurgitation dogs were given oral placebo, torasemide 0.2 mg/kg, and furosemide 2 mg/kg for 7 days. Urine samples were obtained at baseline and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hr after each drug dose. Urine volume and urine Na(+) and K(+) were measured. Both furosemide and torasemide increased urine volume 1 hr after administration. Furosemide caused a dose-dependent increase in urine volume that peaked at 2-3 hr in cats and dogs. The diuretic effect of furosemide disappeared 6 hr after administration, while that of torasemide peaked 2-4 hr after administration and persisted for 12 hr in cats and dogs. In MR dogs, torasemide for 7 days significantly decreased urine potassium excretion. Plasma aldosterone increased with torasemide, whereas there was no change with furosemide. In conclusion, about 1/10 concentration of torasemide was as potent as furosemide and had a longer diuretic effect in cats and dogs. These data suggest that torasemide is useful for treating congestive heart failure or edema in cats and dogs. 相似文献
16.
本试验旨在探讨加丽素红中角黄素在鸡体内的药代动力学特征.选取19周龄的海兰蛋鸡12只,单次灌胃口服加丽素红9.6 mg/kg BW,在72 h内不同时间段分10次采集静脉血,用高效液相色谱法测定鸡血清中角黄素的质量浓度,并利用3P97药代动力学程序软件处理血药浓度-时间数据.结果如下:加丽素红经口服给药后,角黄素在鸡体内的血药浓度-时间数据符合一级吸收一室模型,其理论方程为C=0.471(e-0.036-e-0.190),主要药代动力学参数为:吸收半衰期t1/2(Ka)=(3.643±0.205)h,消除半衰期t1/2(Ke)=(19.263±1.312)h,达峰时间Tmax=(10.795±1.007)h,达峰浓度Cmax=(0.259±0.048)μg/mL,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积AUC=(10.607±1.029)μg/(mL·h),总体清除率CLB=(0.905±0.076)L/(kg·h),表观分布容积Vd=(2.515±0.133)L/kg.上述结果表明,角黄素在鸡体内血药浓度的变化表征了加丽素红在鸡体内代谢的变化规律,具有吸收分布较迅速、达峰快、体内分布广泛、消除速度较慢等特点. 相似文献
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The effect of urine pH on plasma disposition of ampicillin sodium was evaluated. A single dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight was administered IV to Thoroughbreds with alkaline (pH greater than 8.0) or acidic (pH less than 4.5) urine. Urine alkalinity was achieved and maintained by oral administration of up to 400 mg of sodium bicarbonate/kg/d, and acidity was achieved and maintained by oral administration of up to 400 mg of ammonium chloride/kg/d. Ampicillin sodium was measured in the plasma of horses by use of an agar diffusion microbiological assay with Bacillus subtilis as the test organism. The plasma disposition kinetics of ampicillin sodium best fitted a 2-exponential decay pattern, and statistically significant differences were not evident in elimination half-life, area under the plasma concentration time curve, volume of distribution, or body clearance rate between horses with alkaline or acidic urine. Results indicate that changes in urine pH over a range encountered in clinically normal horses are unlikely to affect plasma pharmacokinetic variables of ampicillin sodium after IV administration of the drug. 相似文献
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19.
Wasfi IA Al Ali WA Agha BA Kamel AM Al Biriki NA Al Neaimi KM 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2012,35(2):155-162
The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of meloxicam was studied in camels (Camelus dromedarus) (n = 6) following intravenous (i.v.) administration of a dose of 0.6 mg·kg/body weight. The results obtained (mean ± SD) were as follows: the terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2β) ) was 40.2 ± 16.8 h and total body clearance (Cl(T) ) was 1.94 ± 0.66 mL·kg/h. The volume of distribution at steady state (V(SS)) was 92.8 ± 13.7 mL/kg. One metabolite of meloxicam was tentatively identified as methylhydroxy meloxicam. Meloxicam and metabolite were excreted unconjugated in urine. Meloxicam could be detected in plasma 10 days following i.v. administration in camels using a sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method. 相似文献
20.
Michels GM Boudinot FD Ferguson DC Hoenig M 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(7):775-778
OBJECTIVE: To determine pharmacokinetics of troglitazone in healthy cats after i.v. and oral administration of a single dose of the drug. ANIMALS: 5 healthy ovariohysterectomized adult cats. PROCEDURE: Using a randomized crossover design, cats were given 5 mg of troglitazone/kg of body weight i.v. and 40 mg of troglitazone/kg orally. Blood and urine samples were collected after drug administration, and concentrations of troglitazone in plasma and urine were determined by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Area-moment analysis was used to calculate pharmacokinetic variables. Terminal phase half-life was 1.1 +/- 0.1 hours. Steady-state volume of distribution was 0.23 +/- 0.15 L/kg. After i.v. administration, clearance was 0.33 +/- 0.04 L/h/kg. Drug was not detected in urine samples. Mean bioavailability of orally administered troglitazone was 6.9%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The overall disposition of troglitazone in cats was similar to that reported in other species, including humans. Troglitazone has low and variable oral bioavailability. Clearance of the compound is moderate. Little if any unchanged troglitazone is excreted in urine; thus, metabolism and biliary excretion play predominant roles in elimination of the drug. On the basis of troglitazone pharmacokinetics in healthy cats, as well as on the basis of pharmacodynamics of the drug in humans and other animals, a regimen that uses a dosage of 20 to 40 mg/kg administered orally once or twice per day to cats will produce plasma concentrations of the insulin-sensitizing agent that have been documented to be effective in humans. 相似文献