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1.
In traditional, Power Industry is operated in vertical monopoly. Since the early 1980's, many countries have implemented electricity sector reforms. Many of these reforms have unbundled generation, transmission, distribution, and supply activities of the sector and introduced competition in generation and supply. An increasing number of countries are also adopting incentive regulation to promote efficiency improvement in the natural monopoly activities - transmission and distribution. This paper gives an introduction to incentive regulation, and analyses the experiences and lessons of price cap, which is one of methods of the theory of incentive regulation, applied widely in these reforms. According to the analysis, we design a hybrid scheme, which combines yardstick competition and benchmarking technique. 相似文献
2.
开展农业技术经济效果评价研究,对于探寻适宜的农业生产策略具有指导意义。本研究运用农业技术经济分析的传统因素分析法,并进行了创新,对高品质番茄产业链技术经济效果进行了分析。结果表明：影响番茄生产成本产值率的一级指标是产量、价格、成本,以价格对成本产值率的影响指数最大；影响番茄生产成本产值率的二级指标是新销售方式、新技术、新品种,各二级指标对成本产值率的影响指数大小顺序是生产规模和地域因素、番茄采后保鲜袋包装技术、番茄流通销售保鲜技术；构建了番茄产业链的有效技术经济模式。 相似文献
3.
Administrative monopoly in China is analyzed with microeconomics tools such as rent-seeking theory, comparative advantage theory and game theory. A rent seeking model is given to study administrative monopoly. Futhermore, the authors propose that the barriers brought by administrative monopoly not only increase consumers burden, but also make enterprises run with high cost and low efficiency, and optimal resource distribution can not be done. Administrative monopoly can not be eliminated unless administrative monopoly is regulated within anti-monopoly law and its legal liability is enhanced, which is proved with game theory. In order to solve administrative monopoly, China should construct a law system concluding anti-monopoly law and administrative law as a reinforce. 相似文献
4.
The Creative Economies of Texas Metropolitan Regions: A Comparative Analysis Before,During, and After the Recession 
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下载免费PDF全文 With the exception of Austin, metropolitan regions in Texas are not commonly included in research and analysis concerning creative economies—attention is largely focused on either the traditional capitals of creative production, New York and Los Angeles, or emerging, secondary regions such as Austin and Seattle, Washington. This article utilizes an industrial approach to examine the creative economies of the four most populous metropolitan regions of Texas—Austin, Dallas‐Ft. Worth, Houston, and San Antonio—and detail their scale, scope, and change between 2005 and 2015. Results help establish the creative economies of the Dallas‐Ft. Worth, Houston, and San Antonio metropolitan regions in the existing stream of creative research and discussion, offer further perspective on the dynamics and strength of the Austin region's creative economy, and provide insight into how regional creative economies emerge in rapidly urbanizing regions during the digital era. Additionally, special attention is paid to how these four creative economies transformed during the recessionary period from 2007 to 2009. Results of that attention build on prior research which points to the recession having a varied influence on creative economies depending on trends in the broader regional economies that house them. 相似文献
5.
JIA Yan-yan 《保鲜与加工》2004,(2):106-109
In this paper, the problems of bringing natural resources and environmental condition into accounting are discussed and lay emphasis on object measurement, imaging and disclosure in accounting report of environmental accounting. The author suggests that the environmental accounting is the necessary production of global economy for sustainable development in modern society; it is also a new ecological accounting subject formed by the result of environmental economies and accounting penetrating into each other. As a contribution of accounting circles to sustainable development, environmental accounting has become a hot topic in recent years. 相似文献
6.
Henry Wai‐Chung Yeung 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2007,48(1):1-25
Abstract: This paper aims to explain how a number of leading electronics firms from Asian newly industrialised economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan are articulated into global production networks and become major players in their respective market niches. Developing a triangular theoretical framework, I seek to explain the complex relationships between the dynamic articulation of these leading Asian electronics firms into different global production networks and their simultaneous upgrading from typical followers to market leaders. As a critique of the dominant developmental state discourse, I argue that the interplay between corporate strategies and home base advantages within the context of changing global production networks can offer a better explanation of the differentiated competitive outcomes of these Asian firms. This paper draws upon original data collected through personal interviews with top executives from leading electronics firms in the four Asian newly industrialised economies. I conclude the paper with some implications for theory and policy in relation to corporate development in Asian economies. 相似文献
7.
This paper departs from the existing growth literature in not assuming a priori a specific production technology and offering instead a theory of production technology that captures the effects of changes in the level, composition, and forces of accumulation of capital on the productivity of an economy. The theory of production technology shows that an affluent knowledge‐rich economy violates the Inada second condition because of its high level of knowledge, human, and social capital. Substitution of knowledge capital for physical capital and the self‐reinforcing nature of the process of accumulation of knowledge, human, and social capital are the engines of growth in such economies. Poor economies, on the other hand, may exhibit neoclassical production technology of diminishing returns to capital and get trapped into a low‐level steady state owing to their ever‐growing need for physical capital and also to unfavorable supply conditions for knowledge capital, lower levels of knowledge, human, and social capital in these economies being inadequate to trigger the self‐reinforcing dynamics. The mechanics of endogenous growth are essentially different in rich and poor economies because the production possibility surface is non‐convex in the former, and this difference explains the sustained divergence of their growth rates. 相似文献
8.
黑龙江省生猪养殖规模经济效益研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于黑龙江省生猪养殖现状,运用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,选取生猪养殖的投入产出指标,建立生猪规模经济效益模型。通过实证分析得出结论：黑龙江省生猪养殖数量是影响规模经济效益的重要因素。生猪养殖规模在100头以上时,会实现规模报酬递增。建议从合理规划、政策扶持、加强服务等方面提高黑龙江省生猪养殖规模经济效益。 相似文献
9.
家庭农场适度规模经营研究——以鄱阳湖生态经济区水稻家庭农场为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
家庭农场经营规模问题是近年来学术界和政府相关部门关注的重点和热点问题之一。首先对家庭农场适度规模影响因素与研究方法的相关研究文献进行梳理和归纳,并基于来自鄱阳湖生态经济区38个县区60个家庭农场的样本数据,分别构建了家庭农场生产函数和家庭农场生产规模与全要素生产率关系模型,实证分析该区域从事水稻种植经营的家庭农场生产函数及规模与全要素生产率之间关系。研究结果发现：（1）资源禀赋、经营项目、技术装备水平、管理经营能力、社会化服务和社会稳定等5个方面的因素主要影响家庭农场的经营规模。（2）通过家庭农场生产函数的实证分析发现,鄱阳湖生态经济区水稻种植家庭农场的规模报酬系数RTS为1.0412,存在规模经济效益。（3）鄱阳湖生态经济区水稻种植家庭农场规模与全要数生产率之间成“倒U型”曲线,家庭农场的全要素生产率存在极大值,当家庭农场全要素生产率为极大值时家庭农场的规模为7.79 hm2。最后,根据研究结果提出针对性政策建议和意见。 相似文献
10.
Utilizing data from quinquennial industrial censuses for the period 1960-1975, this study examines economies of scale in a number of Mexico's manufacturing industries. A cross-sectional approach is used to estimate production functions by industry for each of four industrial censuses. In contrast to findings of relatively constant returns to scale for the United States, the Mexican data reveal substantial economies of scale at both the beginning and the end of the study period, suggesting that further opportunities for reduction in long-run costs exist. The resultant policy implications are that measures which promote larger scale manufacturing (incentives for expanded domestic production, export promotion, and selected tariff preferences) will speed up both short-term recovery and long-term growth of the Mexican economy. It is desirable, however, that these policies be harmonized with other designed to reduce the environmental contamination and congestion that has accompanied Mexico's industrial development. 相似文献
11.
导致农产品成本发生的成本动因有微观动因和宏观动因之分，农产品宏观成本动因是指决定农业基础结构的成本动因。这些成本动因虽不能具体化为成本项目而记入农产品成本中，但这些成本动因以不同形式影响着农产品成本的形成方式、形成内容及补偿程度，而且这些动因一旦形成，又很难变动，对农产品成本具有长期影响。主要研究作为农产品成本宏观动因的农业经营规模、农业经营形式和农业生产结构对农产品成本的形成方式、形成内容及补偿程度的影响。 相似文献
12.
Traditional explanations of interaction (trade) in city systems fail to capture the breadth and complexity of extraregional markets in the producer services. Building on market-process theory, which argues that markets are adaptive and rarely in equilibrium, the development of extraregional trade in the producer services was investigated as a form of firm-level entrepreneurship. While firms' entrepreneurial behaviors are influenced by a variety of internal characteristics, such as entrepreneurial spirit, size, age, and ownership, it is argued that a firm's location is an important conditioning factor on the degree of success it achieves with market expansion. The hypothesis is evaluated using spatial market extent data developed from a survey of 615 producer service firms located in 16 Midwest cities. A firm's degree of entrepreneurship is indexed by a qualitative assessment of its marketing activities, ranging from “aggressive” to “none.” Cox proportional hazards models, in a spatial-analog of survival analysis, were used to examine the influence of entrepreneurship on the spatial extents of firms' markets. The results confirm that location, more so than firm size or age, has a significant influence on the spatial extent of a firm's extraregional trade. The influence of location is generally complex: surfacing directly as a market scale effect, and indirectly as a conditioning factor on the success of a firm's entrepreneurial behavior. The results suggest that extraregional trade in producers services is predicated on more than just production cost (i.e., internal or external scale economies) or distribution cost (i.e., distance) factors, and that behavioral theories of the market can provide meaningful insight into the geography of market interaction. 相似文献
13.
Marginal costs of removing effluent from waste treatment facilities are defined under different assumptions about regulatory policies. Marginal costs are different under a policy of uniform treatment for all plants compared to a least-cost policy, where different plants treat at different levels. The cost savings under these alternative policies are compared for river basins of the Chesapeake Bay when there are economies of scale in treatment costs. Current regulations for treatment plants in the Bay, which are not entirely uniform, are also compared to both the uniform and least-cost solutions. The potential savings from a least-cost policy are substantial for some basins. 相似文献
14.
MARKUS HESSE 《Growth and change》2006,37(4):570-596
ABSTRACT As a consequence of global production networks (GPNs), the associated network of freight distribution has gained increasing significance. Whereas the volume of freight transport is expected to increase further, the supply of infrastructure for the movement and handling of consignments appears limited. Particularly at the interfaces, infrastructure capacity for coping with rising throughput is extremely scarce. Any attempt to widen bottlenecks seems to be risky because it happens at some cost and in a contested political and urban environment. This problem will be discussed in the case of the German North Range, with the Port of Hamburg as the traditional gateway and main port, and a scattered system of secondary interfaces and supporting logistics areas. Local constraints, port competition, and the network logic of global distribution systems are challenging the former monopoly of the port, as are plans for establishing a new deep‐sea port at Wilhelmshaven, 150 km west of Hamburg. At the same time, the traditional policy approach of adapting to the needs of the distribution system is coming to an end, owing to fiscal limits, infrastructure constraints, and the generic logic of the global supply chain. In accordance with the emerging global division of labor, various actors and institutions are involved in the management of the chain, with very different powers and interests. Under these circumstances, the attempt to ensure the main port's position by infrastructure expansion is becoming open to question. This could also be a starting point for rethinking how local and regional places could better respond to the new imperative of logistics and distribution. In this respect, it is the network paradigm that could lead the way to a more balanced, cooperative and competitive regional distribution system. 相似文献
15.
Increasingly, economies that have traditionally benefited from offshoring are losing some of their strategical advantages, with a consequent increase in backshoring by developed economies. This paper describes the phenomenon and tries to shed light on the current challenges, trends, and debates in the area, and on the main determinants of backshoring. A new phenomenon known as nearshoring is also analysed—this consists of relocating some previously offshored manufacturing activities so that they are now close to previous core locations, but not so close as to suffer from disagglomeration effects. This combines the advantages of offshoring and backshoring. 相似文献
16.
This paper analyzes interior transaction cost before the reform of separation of network operations and generation, and making electric generation market competitive in power industry, and market transaction cost in complete power market with the theory of transaction cost in china on the basis of the actuality and characteristic of Chinese power industry,then the describtion and the scalar comparisim are done between two costs by curve and mathematics. Based on the economic theory,the authors analyze the compare result,and come out the economic term of separation of network operations and generation in power industry, that is to say that there isn't economic reason when the electric plant lies in the phase of scale reward increasing by degrees,on contrast,when the electric plant lies in the phase of scale reward decreasing by degrees,the reform should be done step by step. 相似文献
17.
腐乳作为我国传统发酵豆制食品,经过不断的工艺改进,已经逐步形成一定生产规模。但由于生产技术限制,我国腐乳生产还存在着生产发酵时间较长、盐含量较高、安全性有待提升等品质问题,这些问题大大限制了该行业的发展。为提高腐乳生产质量,从生产流程入手,针对生产流程中包括制胚、微生物接种、食盐添加、发酵条件等方面进行分析,对可能影响腐乳最终品质的因素进行概述,通过对以上提出问题逐个击破,提出解决方案,改进制作工艺,最终提升腐乳品质。 相似文献
18.
Partial monopoly market structure in reform. Based on nondiscriminatory pricing , the and the effect of price cap regulation policy. some infrastructure paper analyzes the industry will exist for a long period after deregulation behavior of price competition in new market structure 相似文献
19.
机会成本对村镇银行发展速度的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
村镇银行发展缓慢,监管部门政策屡次调整都效果有限。为解释这一现象,笔者引入机会成本,分析其对村镇银行最优规模的影响。通过使用均衡分析方法,在假设每个微观主体都是理性人的基础上,建立数学模型,求解影响村镇银行最优规模的因子。分析发现：在转型经济体和发展中国家中,由于市场竞争不充分,各产业间的资本回报率没有出现收敛趋势,机会成本对企业规模有重要影响;不同经济主体组建村镇银行的理性选择不同;银行业金融机构面临较大的机会成本,因而缺乏大规模组建村镇银行的意愿;民间资本投资难,客观上使得其具有成为村镇银行主发起人的机会成本比较优势。主发起人制度急需改革,只有引入机会成本更低的经济主体才可能促进村镇银行的大规模发展。 相似文献
20.
预警是排警的基础,传统的预警是建立在预测的基础上,针对大豆预警提出了一种新的方法-决策树预警。从中国大豆生产的实际出发,运用预警的相关理论,首先针对近18 年的中国大豆市场,建立了预警指标体系;然后利用决策树的方法从各警兆指标对警情指标的影响中提取了若干规则集,建立了中国大豆进口依存度预警体系,结果表明：2002年至今,中国大豆进口依存度一直处于重警的状态。 相似文献