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1.
不同温度下褐带卷蛾茧蜂实验种群生命表 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探索温度对褐带卷蛾茧蜂Bracon adoxophyesi发育和繁殖的影响,研究了该蜂在6种温度下的实验种群生命表。结果表明,褐带卷蛾茧蜂各虫态发育历期随温度升高而缩短,在36℃下产卵前期略高于32℃下的产卵前期,说明温度过高或者过低均不利于卵巢发育。随温度降低,其世代历期显著延长,说明低温会显著抑制该蜂发育。各虫态的发育速率与温度的关系符合Logistic模型。该寄生蜂产卵前期的发育起点温度高于其他阶段的发育起点温度。在24℃下单雌产卵量最高,为619.86粒,16℃和36℃下的产卵量最低,分别为139.60粒和154.43粒。在24、28和32℃时,其种群趋势指数分别为101.78、74.25和73.41,在36℃和16℃时,其种群趋势指数较低,说明温度过高或者过低均不利于其种群繁殖,且低温的影响大于高温。在24~32℃下,褐带卷蛾茧蜂的种群趋势指数较高,说明24~32℃是适宜该寄生蜂种群增长的温度范围。 相似文献
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南美斑潜蝇在芹菜上的生物学研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文以芹菜为寄主观察记录南美斑潜蝇在１５℃、２０℃、２５℃、２８℃、３０℃和３５℃等６个温度下各虫态的历期,计算各虫态的发育速率（Ｙ）与温度（Ｘ）的回归方程,结果如下：卵为Ｙ＝０．０２４１Ｘ－０．１７４５,幼虫为Ｙ＝０．００８２Ｘ－０．０５５０,蛹为Ｙ＝０．００７１Ｘ－０．０５７５,卵－蛹为Ｙ＝０．００３３Ｘ－０．０２４８,卵、幼虫、蛹、卵－蛹的发育起点分别为７．２４℃、７．１４℃、８．１６℃和７．５２℃,有效积温分别为４１．４６、１１８．１６、１３８．９４和３０１．４７日度,并描述各虫态的形态、大小及习性。 相似文献
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不同温度下苹果蠹蛾实验种群生命表 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
在15、20、25、28、31、34℃的恒温条件下,测定了苹果蠹蛾Cydiapomonella（L．）各发育历期、存活率及产卵量,组建了苹果蠹蛾实验种群生命表,以探讨温度对苹果蠹蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响。在15～31℃范围内,苹果蠹蛾各阶段发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,世代平均发育历期在15、20、25、28、31℃时分别为112．0、46．8、33．3、29．6、26．2天;在34℃时,苹果蠹蛾发育受阻,世代平均发育历期延长为31．4天。成虫寿命亦随温度的升高而缩短;单雌平均产卵量在25℃时最高,为92．7粒;在15和34℃条件下,没有有效卵产生。生命表分析显示,种群趋势指数（I）在20～31℃时均大于1,25℃时苹果蠹蛾种群内禀增长率（rm）和种群趋势指数最高,分别为0．0972和39．70。研究表明,25℃左右是苹果蠹蛾生长发育和繁殖的适宜温度,温度过高或偏低均不利于苹果蠹蛾的生长繁殖。 相似文献
4.
以草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda为寄主,研究了不同温度下淡足侧沟茧蜂Microplitis pallidipes对草地贪夜蛾寄生和生长发育的影响,并建立了淡足侧沟茧蜂发育速率与温度的关系模型。结果表明：在试验温度范围内,淡足侧沟茧蜂均能在草地贪夜蛾幼虫体内完成发育,23℃和32℃时,淡足侧沟茧蜂对草地贪夜蛾寄生率最高（＞60%）,20℃和26℃时,淡足侧沟茧蜂结茧率最高（＞90%）。随着温度的升高,淡足侧沟茧蜂的发育历期（卵-幼虫期、蛹期和成虫期）明显缩短。Logistic曲线和线性模型均可拟合淡足侧沟茧蜂发育速率与温度的关系,但在卵-幼虫期和蛹期阶段,线性模型的拟合效果较好,成虫阶段两种模型均可;卵-幼虫、蛹和成虫的发育起始温度依次为10.2℃、15.08℃和5.43℃,有效积温依次为110.27日·度、81.10日·度和107.53日·度。 相似文献
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草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是世界重大农业害虫,前期研究发现管侧沟茧蜂Microplitis tuberculifer能够有效控制草地贪夜蛾。为了进一步优化控害效果、评估寄生适应性,本研究比较了温度和光周期对管侧沟茧蜂寄生草地贪夜蛾效果及子代蜂发育的影响。结果表明：在光周期10L：14D和14L：10D条件下,20℃、24℃和28℃时管侧沟茧蜂对草地贪夜蛾的寄生效果均较好,结茧率>70%、畸形率<6%、羽化率>60%,16℃和32℃下寄生能力降低;管侧沟茧蜂的发育历期（卵-幼虫期、蛹期和成虫期）和茧重随着温度的升高明显缩短,光周期10L：14D条件下16℃则能诱导管侧沟茧蜂进入滞育; 28℃条件下,不同光周期对管侧沟茧蜂寄生草地贪夜蛾后的结茧率>70%、畸形率<4%、发育历期和茧重无显著影响;在16℃条件下,当光照低于12L：12D时能够诱导管侧沟茧蜂进入滞育。综合各个参数,管侧沟茧蜂生长适宜温度广泛,在16℃~32℃范围内均能正常寄生草地贪夜蛾,完成世代发育,其中20℃~28℃为最佳寄生和生长温度;光周期对管侧沟茧蜂寄生草地贪夜蛾的影响较小,28℃适宜温度下,光照8L：16D至16L：8D均对低龄幼虫有较好的控害效果。 相似文献
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绿眼赛茧蜂Zele chlorophthalmus(Spinola)是草地螟Loxostege sticticalis L.幼虫的重要寄生蜂。但目前国内外对其生物学特性及其发生与温度的关系还没有报道。为了阐明绿眼赛茧蜂的生物学特性,并为其室内扩繁及田间保护利用提供试验依据,本文分别在17、21、25、29和33℃、相对湿度70%±5%、光周期16L:8D条件下,以草地螟3龄幼虫为寄主,研究了其寄生率和生长发育特征的变异,明确了其发育起点温度和有效积温,以及在我国草地螟主要发生危害区的发生为害世代。结果表明,在17~29℃,绿眼赛茧蜂能与寄主建立寄生关系,并能完成发育。其中以21和25℃的寄生率最高(67.3%和60.0%),子代结茧率和羽化率最高(70%)并显著高于29和17℃的。另外,绿眼赛茧蜂的蛹(茧)重和成虫寿命随温度的升高而下降。但在33℃,寄生率为0,不能与草地螟建立寄生关系;在17~25℃,卵-幼虫、预蛹-蛹及世代发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,但在29℃时,发育历期比25℃的有所延长。Logistic曲线和线性模型均可描述绿眼赛茧蜂发育速率与温度的关系,但前者的决定系数(R2=0.935~0.971)比后者(R2=0.859~0.890)高,因而Logistic曲线能更好地反映绿眼赛茧蜂发育速率与温度的关系;卵-幼虫、预蛹-蛹以及世代的发育起点温度依次为8.7、9.9和10.8℃,完成发育所需的有效积温分别为176.0、189.6和331.8日·度。绿眼赛茧蜂在我国草地螟发生危害区可发生2~7代/年。 相似文献
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以苜蓿蚜为繁殖寄主,在12、16、20、24、28、32℃6个恒定温度下,对茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂[Lysiphlebus testaceipes(Cresson)]各发育阶段的发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温进行了研究。结果显示,在12~28℃温度范围内,茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂各发育阶段的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,发育速率与温度呈显著正相关。但是,当温度上升到32℃时,僵蚜至羽化阶段生长发育受到抑制,其发育历期比28℃时延长了0.45 d,卵至僵蚜、卵至羽化阶段仍符合随温度升高趋于缩短的趋势。在12、16、.20、24、28、32℃温度条件下,卵至羽化的发育历期分别为38.50、21.25、14.11、12.17、10.28 d和9.01 d。茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂卵至僵蚜、僵蚜至羽化及卵至羽化的发育起点温度分别为6.5、6.25、5.36℃,相应的有效积温分别为136.28、75.74、227.23日度。根据有效积温和发育起点温度建立了历期预测式和Logistic模型。 相似文献
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甘草萤叶甲Diorhbda tarsalis Weise是危害甘草叶部的重要害虫,为有效防治该虫,组建了甘草萤叶甲种群生命表。分别在15、18、21、23、25、27、30、33和36℃恒温下,观察了甘草萤叶甲实验种群的发育历期、存活率、产卵量、寿命等,估算了甘草萤叶甲的发育起点温度和有效积温,组建了实验种群生命表。结果表明:在试验温度范围内,甘草萤叶甲的发育历期随温度升高而缩短;卵期、一龄幼虫、二龄幼虫、三龄幼虫、全幼虫期、蛹期、成虫产卵前期和整个世代的发育起点温度分别为6．94、11．17、6．30、5．49、8．48、10．53、11．65和8．98℃,有效积温分别为180．88、66．74、78．94、85．42、223．18、85．12、143．67和645．45日度;在18～36℃范围内,温度越高,成虫产卵前期、产卵期和寿命越短,25℃时雌虫产卵量最大,15℃时雌虫不产卵;23～30℃是该虫存活和繁殖的最适温区;种群趋势指数与温度的关系呈抛物线变化,25℃时种群趋势指数最大。 相似文献
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A. Golizadeh M. Alikhani M. Hassanpour A. Enkegaard H. Rafiee-Dastjerdi J. Razmjou 《国际虫害防治杂志》2017,63(4):364-370
Habrobracon hebetor Say is an ectoparasitoid that has been used as a control agent of various lepidopteran pests. Temperature-dependent life table and thermal characteristics of H. hebetor are important in understanding the dynamics of host–parasitoid relationships and for optimizing biocontrol programmes. The influence of five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) on the biology of H. hebetor when parasitizing Anagasta kuehniella Zeller was studied. The survival rate of immature stages increased from 16.67% to 83.81% as temperature increased from 15 to 30 °C and then decreased at 35 °C. Total development time ranged from 45.70 days at 15 °C to 7.10 days at 35 °C. The lower temperature threshold for immature stages varied slightly around a value of 11–12 °C. The net reproductive rate (R0) values were significantly different among temperatures and the highest value was found at 30 °C (85.10). The high survival rate and net reproductive rate combined with a relatively short generation time at 30 °C resulted in the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) being highest (0.312 d?1) at this temperature. Considering the acquired results, the temperature range between 25 and 30 °C was optimal for H. hebetor. 相似文献
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The present paper deals with developmental duration, emergence, longevity and fecundity ofAleurotuberculatus takabashi David & Subramaniam at different temperatures and humidity levels. The developmental time from egg to adult was 81.8, 56.9,
39.6, 29.9, 20.6 days at 15±1, 20±1, 25±1, 30±1, 35±1°C under constant relative humidity (RH) of 70±5%, respectively. At 25±1°C,
the total developmental time was slightly affected by humidity, ranging from 46.4 days at 40±5% RH to 39.2 days at 90±5% RH.
The developmental threshold and the thermal constant for the stage from egg to adult were 10.1°C and 542.8 day-degrees. It
was estimated that the whitefly has about 10 generations a year in Fuzhou region in southeastern China. Lowest mortality rates
of 12.4% for the egg, 6.8% for the nymph and 3.1% for the puparium were obtained at 15±1°C, while they were highest with 92.1%
for the egg, 48.2% for the nymph and 36.3% for the puparium at 35±1°C. The mortality rates were slightly affected by humidity,
ranging from 17.6% at 40±5% RH to 27.9% at 90±5% RH for the egg, 11.2% at 40±5% RH to 19.6% at 90±5% RH for the nymph, and
6.4% at 40±5% RH to 11.6% at 90±5% RH for the puparium. The emergence rate of adults decreased as temperature increased, ranging
from 89.1% at 15±1°C to 21.5% at 35±1°C, so did the longevity of adults, ranging from 9.6 days at 15±1°C to 2.9 days at 35±1°C.
The number of eggs per female was significantly affected by temperature (P.01), valuing 29.4 eggs per female at 15±1°C, 36.7
at 20±1°C, 52.4 at 25±1°C, 42.9 at 30±1°C, and 6.1 at 35±1°C. The optimal temperature for reproduction was about 25°C. 相似文献
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KANGETSU HIRASE SATOSHI YOSHIGAI MAKOTO NISHIDA TATSUO SHINMI 《Weed Biology and Management》2004,4(4):213-217
MTB-951 is a potential mycoherbicide using a fungal plant pathogen ( Drechslera monoceras ) isolated from native Echinochloa species in Japan. Conidia of this pathogen were used as the active ingredient and the effect of temperature on its properties was examined in a laboratory. The optimum temperature for conidium germination was broad between 15 and 35°C and no difference in the germination ratio existed within this temperature range. Mycelial growth was the fastest at 25°C but was slower outside of the range 15–35°C. When leaves of Echinochloa crus-galli L. were immersed in deionized water containing the conidia, cellular electrolyte leakage from the leaves was observed. However, no electrolyte leakage occurred from leaves of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) under the same conditions. The occurrence of electrolyte leakage from E. crus-galli was dependent on the temperature and was the highest at 25°C. Herbicidal activity of MTB-951 against E. crus-galli was high between 25°C and 30°C, but decreased at 35°C in a glass vessel. In the present study, it was revealed that the physiological and herbicidal properties of MTB-951 depended on the temperature. 相似文献
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The influence of constant temperatures on biological parameters of German strains of Trichogramma aurosum Sugonjaev & Sorokina (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was evaluated in the laboratory on eggs of Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Development time and longevity of all strains were decreased as temperature increased. Development
time of the strains differed significantly only when exposed to 15°, 20°, and 25°C. Cumulative fertility and longevity differed
significantly at 15° and 20°C. Realized fertility differed significantly at all constant temperatures. Emergence rates of
all strains were less than 65% and were decreased even further as temperature increased. Female-biased sex ratio ranged from
65% to 100% at all constant temperatures. The low temperature threshold for T. aurosum was 10°C and the mean number of degree-days at 15°, 20°, 25° and 30°C was 175, 183, 173 and 185, respectively. The Bavarian
strain tolerated high temperatures and had the highest parasitization capability, while the Hessian strain had the lowest
parasitization at all temperatures. Fertility life table analysis revealed a major effect of temperature on the population
growth parameters. Net reproductive rate was highest at intermediate constant temperatures in all strains, with the highest
rate recorded for the Bavarian strains at all constant temperatures. Mean cohort generation time, and population doubling
time decreased as temperature increased. The daily intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were positively
correlated with temperature. The relevance of our results is discussed in the context of climatic adaptation, intraspecific
variability and biological control. 相似文献
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The present study dealt with the functional responses of the parasitoid,Eretmocerus longipes Compere (Hym., Aphelinidae) to the densities of the whitefly,Aleurotuberculatus takahashi David et Subramaniam (Hom., Aleurodidae) at different temperatures under the laboratory conditions. The results showed that
when the initial densities ofA. takahashi-3rd instar were raised from 10 to 320 ind./leaf, the numbers of parasitized nymphs increased as well, ranging from 7.0 to
23.1 at 20°C, 9.8 to 42.9 at 25°C, 6.7 to 39.9 at 30°C, and 1.8 to 8.3 ind./leaf at 35°C, respectively. The Holling Disk Equation
was introduced to build up the models of functional responses. The response curves remained type II, although the numbers
of parasitized nymphs were significantly different under different temperatures. The suitable initial densities of the host
whitefly for parasitization were about 80 individuals per leaf. A negative relation was observed between the initial densities
of the whitefly and the parasitization rates by the parasitoid. An increase in the initial densities ofA. takahashi-3rd instars ranging from 10 to 320 ind./leaf resulted in a decrease in the parasitization rate byE. longipes ranging from 70.0% to 7.2% at 20°C, 98.0% to 13.4% at 25°C, 67.0% to 12.5% at 30°C and 18.0% to 2.6% at 35°C with a value
of 0.2877 was significantly smaller than that at 20°C with a vlaue of 1.3354, that at 25°C with a value of 1.6465 and that
at 30°C with a value of 1.1199, respectively (p<0.01). The handling time (Th) forE. longipes was 0.1521 at 35°C, significantly longer than 0.0510 at 20°C, 0.0289 at 25°C and 0.0320 at 30°C, respectively (p<0.01). The
maximum loading number (K) of the parasitized nymphs with a value of 34.5 ind./leaf at 25°C was similar to that with a value
of 31.2 ind./leaf at 30°C, about 1.8 times as high as that with a value of 19.6 ind./leaf at 20°C and 4 times more than that
with a value of 6.6 ind./leaf at 35°C. It was suggested that temperature affected the functional response by balancing searching
rate and handling time. The optimal temperature range for the functional responses ofE. longipes to the densities ofA. takahashi-3rd instar was 25° to 30°C. 相似文献
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温度对绿豆象种群增长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实验室条件下以绿豆为食料饲养绿豆象,在20、25、30和35℃等4个温度条件下,逐日观察记录绿豆象产卵量、卵孵化数和成虫羽化数等生物学参数。结果表明,随着温度的升高,绿豆象卵期、豆内期、未成熟期、雄虫历期及雌虫历期逐渐缩短,温度从20℃升至35℃时,卵历期从18.33d缩短为4.40d,豆内期从36.43d缩短为15.20d,未成熟期从54.76d缩短至19.60d,雄虫历期从43.93d缩短至8.07d,雌虫历期从25.33d缩短至8.07d。在20℃下,绿豆象卵、豆内期及未成熟期存活率均最低,且与其他3个温度差异显著。在20℃下,绿豆象产卵历期最长,为20.67d,但总产卵量及雌性比例均较其他3个温度低,分别为43.33粒和33.27%。绿豆象卵、豆内期、未成熟期及整个世代的发育起点温度分别为14.69、11.11、12.03和13.73℃,有效积温分别为82.63、342.87、427.94和565.59日·度。在35℃时,绿豆象内禀增长率和周限增长率均最大,分别为0.044 58和1.045 58。研究结果表明,在30~35℃条件下,最有利于种群增长,为绿豆象发育的最适宜温度。 相似文献
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拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata是南方稻田常年优势种。为明确拟环纹豹蛛的最佳饲养温度,本文研究了温度(25、30和35℃)对拟环纹豹蛛胚胎发育和胚后发育的影响。不同温度下胚胎中营养物质的消耗速率有显著差异,30℃条件下卵黄蛋白消耗速率(17.6)显著高于35℃(12.9)和25℃(12.4);30℃条件下幼蛛的发育总历期(89 d)显著短于35℃(96 d)和25℃(105 d),并且该条件下蜘蛛世代存活率最高(44.5%);不同温度下,5龄后幼蛛体重增长幅度不一致,体重增加最快的是25℃条件下饲养的幼蛛,其次是30和35℃;温度对幼蛛头胸部、腹部、步足的伸长没有显著影响。环境温度30℃时,更适合拟环纹豹蛛的生长发育。 相似文献
19.
分别用不同温度、湿度、pH、光照对柑桔炭疽菌的不同分离系作单因子和复因子试验,结果表明:次生分生孢子形成的最适温度为23~27℃,最适pH值为6~7,在相对湿度为100%时产孢率最高,需要一定的营养。光对次生分生孢子形成的作用受温度影响,当温度在25℃以上产孢率最高的是黑光与黑暗交替和黑光的处理;温度在25℃以下时产孢率最高的是连续24小时的荧光处理。次生分生孢子形成必需要光。复因子试验的结果表明主效因素为温度,产孢率最高的最优组合为全黑暗-015-查彼培养液-pH8-水-25~29℃及先昼后夜-011-1%蛋白胨液-pH6-水-20~23℃。 相似文献