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飞播马尾松林与昆虫群落特征及多样性的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
将6600多hm2飞播和人工马尾松林及宜林荒山划分为7个生境类型，调查相应的昆虫群落，研究飞播马尾松林与昆虫蒺演替，稳定性及多样性的关系，结果表明，研究区域区的昆虫共有94种，隶属14目，66科，生境条件的差异对昆虫的种类和数量具有显著的影响，鞘翅目，鳞翅目昆虫与松树关系较为密切，同翅目，支翅目昆虫与宜林荒山关系密切，宜林荒山昆虫群落多样性指数和均匀性测定值均高于飞播马尾松林昆虫群落，不同生境昆虫群落稳定性和多样性指数大小顺序为：宜林荒山＞飞播林＞人工林。可将飞播马尾松林昆虫群落分为宜林山群落阶段，松林郁闭前期阶段和松林郁闭期阶段，昆虫群落多样性变化与不同演替阶段的关系图显示昆虫群落多样性指数随生境变化的规律和人为干扰对马尾松林昆虫多样的影响，并进一步表明经营措施是影响松林昆虫群落的主导因子，建议采取合理间伐等营林生产,以使飞播林获得稳定的昆虫群落，减少害虫的发生机率。 相似文献
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为了揭示蜘蛛群落在马尾松林中的地位和作用规律，于1995年4月至1996年6月对湖南新邵、长沙、岳阳3县不同立地条件马尾松林抽样调查90块样地．马尾松林蜘蛛群落计有25科62属107种．在马尾松林垂直分布的4个层次中蜘蛛群落具有明显的分层特征．灌木层的蜘蛛种类最丰富，林冠层次之．这两层蜘蛛对整个蜘蛛群落的稳定和控制害虫危害功能的发挥起决定作用，树干层和地面层蜘蛛处于过渡和补充地位．植被盖度对蜘蛛群落多样性和稳定性有显著影响，林龄的影响则不明显． 相似文献
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油松天然次生林昆虫群落结构及多样性的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
该文对燕山浅山区油松天然次生林中昆虫（包括蜘蛛）群落的种类组成、垂直结构、季节变化以及不同林分类型中昆虫群落的变化情况进行了初步研究。在燕山浅山区油松天然次生林中存在着种类丰富的昆虫和蜘蛛，包括昆虫纲的１９目、８９科、５５２种，蜘蛛纲的２目５６种，其中天敌类群占总种数的３０．５％，植食性种占６４．９％；在林内垂直方向上，以下木层昆虫种类最为丰富；在不同时间上，以７、８月份昆虫种类最为繁多。对不同林分类型昆虫种类及多样性的研究表明，混交林中昆虫种类多于纯林，其群落多样性也高于纯林；人为干扰较少的林分中昆虫种类多于人为干扰严重的林分，其群落多样性也较高。混交林和保护较好、生长旺盛的林分中昆虫种类更为复杂，其数量分布也更为均匀，群落多样性和稳定性也较高，某一种昆虫数量剧增到猖獗水平的可能性也较小，故害虫爆发成灾的概率较小 相似文献
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2018年4-11月,采用马氏网诱集法对上海市浦东新区的老港固废物综合利用基地防护林节肢动物多样性进行调查,并运用Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数对不同功能团亚群落进行统计分析。结果表明,共采集到昆虫15 599头,分属于3纲17目133科,其中姬蜂科Ichneumqnidae数量最多,为2 515头,占所有昆虫种群的16.12%;不同功能团节肢动物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数排序为:总群落>害虫亚群落>中性昆虫亚群落>寄生性昆虫亚群落>捕食性天敌亚群落;害虫亚群落的Simpson优势度指数、丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均高于天敌亚群落。以上研究结果说明该区域的天敌群落结构可能不如害虫亚群落稳定,因此,在日常养护中应注意对该区域天敌昆虫进行保护。 相似文献
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１９９５年７月至１９９６年６月,在湘中丘陵区马尾松林内用溴氰菊酯进行喷药防治害虫试验结果表明,溴氰菊酯对林内昆虫群落的物种丰富度和多样性均有影响．其中植食类群受影响的主要是同翅目、直翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目和半翅目昆虫,捕食类群主要是蚂蚁和蜘蛛．在药剂作用下,植食类群和寄生类群的物种丰富度及多样性水平均呈现下降,捕食类群的物种丰富度虽有所下降,但在整个群落中所占的比例及多样性水平均有较大程度的上升．施用溴氰菊酯可降低植食物种的优势度,提高天敌类群与植食类群之比值,使昆虫群落在一定时间内保持相对稳定．但它降低了群落内物种的丰富度（特别是稀有种和偶见种）及多样性水平,因此在生产上用其防治松林害虫时不宜在大面积范围内长期使用． 相似文献
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《林业科学》2016,(2)
【目的】研究昆虫多样性对不同林型的生态响应,为小兴安岭森林生态可持续发展规划、森林经营、森林生物多样性保护提供理论基础和科学依据。【方法】2013年5—9月,每15天1次,采用扫网法并结合震落法和观察法对云杉人工林(YR)、白桦天然次生林(B)、红松人工林(HR)、椴树红松林(DY)、云杉红松林(YY)和枫桦红松林(FY)6种不同林型的昆虫多样性进行调查,通过昆虫群落结构分析、多样性特征指数及时间动态分析、稳定性分析、主分量分析、群落相似性分析等系统研究小兴安岭凉水自然保护区森林昆虫物种多样性及群落结构动态。【结果】共采集昆虫标本4 599号,隶属9目67科188种;各林型昆虫群落均以膜翅目和双翅目为优势类群;各林型昆虫群落的多样性指数均较高,其中云杉原始林和云杉人工林的多样性指数和均匀度均相对较高,优势度均相对较低。各林型昆虫群落多样性指数与均匀度指数随季节变化趋势均表现出显著一致性(0.708~0.955,P0.05),与优势度指数随季节变化趋势均表现出极显著负相关(-0.863~-0.983,P0.001),多样性指数与丰富度指数变化趋势除YR外,均表现为较大的正相关,多样性指数与群落个体数量时间变化趋势仅在YY、DY和B林型中表现出较大的正相关。各林型昆虫群落的相对稳定性存在一定差异,S_t/S_i的比值序列为YYYRBFYDYHR,S_n/S_p的比值序列为YR=HRFYBYYDY,YY、YR的稳定性相对较好,森林环境质量相对较高,而DY、HR的稳定性相对较差,森林环境质量相对较低。全年各林型昆虫群落中不同营养类群物种数均表现为植食性类群最多,个体数量表现为YR中性昆虫类群最多,YY中植食性类群最多,其他林型均以捕食性类群最多。昆虫群落主分量分析结果表明,YY和YR昆虫群落中中性昆虫物种数是主导昆虫群落变化的最主要因子,在DY和HR昆虫群落中转变为植食性昆虫个体数和物种数。在稳定性居中的B和FY中,主导群落变化的最主要因子由中性昆虫个体数转变为植食性昆虫个体数。聚类分析结果表明,在度量值为10时,可将6种林型的昆虫群落分为2类:B、YY和YR聚为一类,HR、DY和FY聚为一类。【结论】虽然各林型昆虫多样性均较为丰富,且昆虫群落均较为稳定,反映出较好的生态环境质量,但是HR和DY稳定性相对较低,建议增加植物多样性以提升第一营养层昆虫个体数量;DY植食性昆虫比例较大,建议采取一定措施增加天敌昆虫丰富度,以提升昆虫群落稳定性。 相似文献
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红壤低丘马尾松低效林主要植物群落物种多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过样地调查,采用物种丰富度指数(S)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson优势度指数(J)、Pielou均匀度指数(E),分析比较了低效马尾松林试验区群落的物种多样性.结果表明:本区主要植物群落的物种多样性水平整体较低,且各群落的多样性水平相差较小,说明该区各类型群落处于演替的初级阶段.人工引进阔叶树加速了群落的演替,增加了各个层次的物种多样性.在低丘红壤马尾松低效林改造及植被恢复中,应大力引进阔叶树种,以提高林分的物种多样性和保持水土的能力. 相似文献
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为全面了 解杏树林 害虫的 为害与 发生 规 律, 给 防 治提 供依 据, 采用 标 准地 方法 对 不同类型的 杏扁林进 行了系 统调查。 结果表明 , 杏树林 害虫群 落共有６ 目２５ 科５５ 种, 优势 种集中于蚧虫 、蚜虫、卷 叶蛾等 类群及天 幕毛虫、 舞毒 蛾等 。树 木 年龄 可 影响 害 虫 群落 的 组 成、优势种数 量及危害 程度 。管 理水 平 对 害虫 发 生 有明 显 影响 , 一 般 管理 水 平高 者, 害 虫 种类 少、危害较轻 。杏树林 害虫的 年发生规 律 是发 生周 期 短、优 势 种高 峰期 出 现早 、为 害期 集 中、群落凋落 迅速。 相似文献
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《Forest Ecology and Management》2003,185(3):307-326
The vegetation of Pinus radiata plantation forests in New Zealand was studied to examine how the indigenous flora has responded to this novel habitat. A chronosequence of stands about 5, 16 and 27 years was assessed in each of four different biogeographic regions to test the effects of several stand and site factors on the succession of vascular understorey plant communities. A total of 202 indigenous and 70 adventive vascular plant species were found across all study areas, with considerable geographic variation among forests in species composition, species richness (range 48–135 species), and the percentage of indigenous species (50–86%). Both richness and cover of adventive species decreased significantly over time, whereas richness and cover of indigenous species was highest in the oldest stands, and overall species richness was lowest at mid-rotation. The guild composition changed from dominance of grasses and forbs in young stands to dominance of ferns and understorey trees in mature stands. These temporal changes were accompanied by a decrease in light-demanding pioneer species and an increase in shade tolerant, later seral species adapted to a forest environment. Measurements of the degree of canopy closure in stands with low or high stocking and modelling of temporal changes of canopy closure indicated that these understorey plant dynamics are influenced by changes in light availability as stands age. Despite the successional changes within forests, geographic variation more strongly influenced understorey communities because stands within a forest area were grouped together in DCA and TWINSPAN analyses, along rainfall and temperature gradients. Although the canopy species of such intensively managed plantation forests is an alien element in the New Zealand flora, the sheltered forest environment of older stands allows the establishment of a mostly indigenous forest understorey community with considerable similarities to indigenous forests located nearby. 相似文献
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《Forest Ecology and Management》1997,93(3):245-260
Multivariate analyses were applied to forest canopy and understory data collected in 70 forest stands in the Mid-Boreal Upland Ecoregion in Saskatchewan. Random sampling of various types of forest focused on vegetation strata shown elsewhere to be of importance to woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou Gmelin). Cluster analyses revealed seven community types based on summer vegetation, and six community types when considering vegetation present during winter. Ordination by nonmetric multidimensional scaling suggested that two of the seven summer communities be combined, and that six community types be recognized in each season. Stands dominated by Populus tremuloides Michx. were all placed in one community type as were those dominated by Picea glauca (Moench) Voss. Young stands of Pinus banksiana Lamb. were placed in one community type, while the division of older stands was related to degree of canopy closure. The primary division among Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. dominated stands was also based on the degree of canopy closure. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed strong relationships between the vegetation communities and data on canopy characteristics contained in the provincial forest inventory. In general, the techniques we employ provide a framework for objectively deriving vegetation communities relevant to wildlife species, and measuring their correspondence with readily available forest cover data. Specifically, we describe community types available to woodland caribou in our study area and their relationship to the provincial forest inventory. 相似文献
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The search for indicators to monitor management impact on biodiversity is a crucial question because management practices promote changes in community structure and composition of different animal groups. This study explores the effect of widely conducted management practices (forest logging and livestock) in Pinus uncinata forests in the Pyrenees range (NE Spain) on the structure and composition of ground ant communities compared to those of old-growth stands. Forest structure clearly differed in stands with different forest managements. These stands managed for different uses also showed marked differences in structure and composition of ground ant communities. There was a great dominance of a single species, Formica lugubris, which accounted for 99% of ants collected in pitfall traps. Rarefaction curves indicated that species richness was highest in old-growth stands and lowest in even-aged ones, with woodland pasture stands showing an intermediate value. Classification methods allowed us to identify two groups of species: six species related to old-growth plots and three species (including F. lugubris) associated to managed stands. Habitat structure played an important role in determining the structure of ant communities: forests with high tree density but low basal area were the most favourable forest type for F. lugubris, while the abundance of the remaining ant species was negatively affected by the abundance of F. lugubris and by tree cover. 相似文献
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[目的]探讨天然次生林和人工林及人工林树种选择对树冠层蚂蚁群落多样性的影响。[方法]运用树栖蚂蚁陷阱法调查云南省绿春县天然次生林和4种人工林的树冠层蚂蚁群落、植物多样性及植物垂直密度变化。[结果](1)共采集蚂蚁标本17 998头,隶属于6亚科29属68种。(2)树冠层蚂蚁多度:紫胶林-玉米混农林紫胶林桉树林橡胶林天然次生林。(3)树冠层蚂蚁丰富度:紫胶林-玉米混农林紫胶林天然次生林橡胶林桉树林。(4)树冠层蚂蚁ACE估计值:紫胶林-玉米混农林紫胶林天然次生林桉树林橡胶林。(5)树冠层蚂蚁多度和丰富度与枯落物盖度、300 cm处垂直密度和乔木郁闭度呈显著或极显著负相关,而与植物盖度显著正相关;ACE估计值与枯落物盖度、草本植物盖度和乔木郁闭度显著负相关,与175 199.9 cm区段内垂直密度显著正相关。[结论]人工林对蚂蚁多样性保护有一定积极作用,尤其选择乡土树种保护效果更显著,对人工林进行合理的管理有利于保护生物多样性。 相似文献
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