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1.
为明确甘肃省枸杞炭疽病菌对甾醇脱甲基抑制剂类药剂 (DMIs) 的敏感性，采用菌丝生长速率法测定了采自甘肃省靖远县3个地区及景泰县3个地区共102株枸杞炭疽病菌对苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇、丙环唑及氟硅唑的敏感性，分别就不同年份、不同地区间胶孢炭疽复合种和尖孢炭疽复合种对4 种 DMIs 杀菌剂的敏感性差异进行了分析。结果表明:供试46 株枸杞胶孢炭疽复合种整体上对苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇、丙环唑和氟硅唑仍表现为敏感，EC50值分别在0.28~1.20、0.11~2.98、0.32~2.84和0.35~3.85 μg/mL之间；而56株尖孢炭疽复合种对4种药剂的敏感性则出现了不同程度分化，部分菌株疑似已出现敏感性下降现象，其中，对苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇、丙环唑和氟硅唑敏感性最低的菌株EC50值分别为1.63、3.80、6.21和4.74 μg/mL。不同年份间采集的枸杞胶孢炭疽复合种和尖孢炭疽复合种对4种杀菌剂的敏感性均存在显著差异，2017年采集的菌株敏感性相对更低，4种杀菌剂对胶孢炭疽复合种的平均EC50值分别为 (0.84 ± 0.03)、(1.23 ± 0.13)、(1.19 ± 0.09) 和 (1.69 ± 0.17) μg/mL，对尖孢炭疽复合种的平均EC50值分别为 (1.06 ± 0.03)、(2.25 ± 0.15)、(2.43 ± 0.20) 和 (2.85 ± 0.19) μg/mL。不同地区枸杞炭疽病菌对4种杀菌剂的敏感性表现不同，其中靖远县五合镇的胶孢炭疽复合种对4种杀菌剂敏感性最低，平均EC50值分别为 (0.79 ± 0.12)、(1.28 ± 0.87)、(1.39 ± 1.05) 和 (1.74 ± 1.04) μg/mL，景泰县草窝滩镇的胶孢炭疽复合种对苯醚甲环唑和丙环唑敏感性最高，平均EC50值为 (0.28 ± 0.10) 和 (0.46 ± 0.10) μg/mL，对戊唑醇和氟硅唑敏感性最高的胶孢炭疽复合种来自景泰县寺滩乡，平均EC50值为 (0.42 ± 0.16) 和 (0.65 ± 0.09) μg/mL；不同地区间采集的尖孢炭疽复合种对4种杀菌剂的敏感性则不存在显著差异。研究结果可为甘肃省枸杞炭疽病防治中杀菌剂的合理使用及延缓抗药性发展提供依据。  相似文献   

2.
ABSTRACT Monoconidial isolates of Venturia inaequalis were collected in 1990 and 1991 from orchards in New York, Michigan, and Nova Scotia that had never or only sporadically been treated with fungicides acting as sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). Sensitivities of isolates to two representative DMIs (fenarimol and myclobutanil) were determined by a sensitivity test based on the relative growth (RG) of mycelial colonies at one discriminatory dose. Mean isolate sensitivities were not significantly different (P > 0.2) for the majority of the populations tested, and all sensitivity data obtained from these sites were combined to provide a baseline distribution of isolate sensitivities for both fenarimol and myclobutanil. The baseline distributions were compared with isolate sensitivities determined for an experimental orchard in Nova Scotia with a documented case of DMI resistance and for a commercial orchard in Michigan with a long history of DMI use and first evidence of practical DMI resistance. For both DMIs tested and in both treated orchards, frequencies of isolates with RG values <80 had decreased or only slightly increased compared to the baseline population. In contrast, frequencies of isolates with RG values >80 had increased more than 20-fold over baseline levels. Thus, isolates with RG values >80 were rated DMI resistant. The validity of a qualitative isolate classification was tested in controlled infection studies. At doses of fenarimol and myclobutanil recommended for commercial control of apple scab, reproduction of a typical sensitive isolate on treated apple leaves was suppressed completely. Lesions caused by a resistant isolate continued to expand and produced abundant conidia. Statistical analysis of orchard sensitivities revealed that the analysis of isolate counts grouped into the categories DMI sensitive or resistant was most indicative in comparisons of orchard sensitivities aimed at detection of practical DMI resistance. A high degree of cross-resistance between fenarimol and myclobutanil indicated that sensitivity tests with one of the DMIs employed as the diagnostic tool in this study can serve as a test for other DMIs.  相似文献   

3.
Kunz S  Deising H  Mendgen K 《Phytopathology》1997,87(12):1272-1278
ABSTRACT Acquisition of resistance to sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) by populations of Venturia inaequalis was investigated using a microscopical method developed by C. Siebels and K. Mendgen. Microscopical analysis of conidiophore formation enabled the earlier detection of resistance and a clearer distinction between DMI-resistant and DMI-sensitive populations than other in vivo methods commonly used to analyze inhibitory effects of fungicides. In addition, because observations were made on the level of individuals, quantitative measures of the composition of conidial populations were obtained. The development of DMI sensitivity was followed over a period of 3 years in control apple orchards that had never been treated with fungicides and in orchards with DMI history. The 50% effective dose values determined by microscopical evaluation of conidio-phore development for untreated populations revealed the baseline sensitivities of 0.3, 0.96, 0.09, 1.22, and 1.92 mg/liter for flusilazole, fenarimol, difenoconazole, tebuconazole, and pyrifenox, respectively. As compared with the baseline sensitivity, all populations with DMI history showed significant resistance to flusilazole. A strong nonlinear correlation (R = 0.96) was found between the resistance factors and the sum of all DMI treatments of the 3 years before taking the sample. According to this correlation, resistance can be expected in all apple orchards of the fruit-growing area along Lake Constance, Germany, in which more than two DMI treatments per season have been applied. Due to cross-resistance, the recently introduced DMI fungicides difenoconazole, tebuconazole, and pyrifenox did not allow the control of V. inaequalis populations resistant to flusilazole.  相似文献   

4.
Strains of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides collected in France on winter wheat give either fast-growing mycelial colonies with regular margins or slow-growing mycelial colonies with irregular margins. Most of the fastgrowing isolates were sensitive to triadimenol (EC50 below 2mg litre?1), but some of them were resistant to this inhibitor of sterol C-14 demethylation. In contrast, all the slow-growing strains were highly resistant to triadimenol (EC50 greater than 100 mg litre?1). This resistance was also expressed in inhibition of germ-tube elongation. Positive cross-resistance was observed between most of the inhibitors of sterol C-14 demethylation, with the exception of some imidazole derivatives (clotrimazole, prochloraz). All the fast-growing strains were tolerant to fenpropimorph and fenpropidin whereas the slow-growing ones were susceptible; the reverse was true with piperalin and tridemorph. All the field isolates were inhibited to the same extent by the inhibitors of squalene-epoxidase, nafifine and terbinafine. Two types of mutant resistant to triadimenol have been induced under laboratory conditions from sensitive fast-growing strains. The most common mutants were resistant to all the inhibitors of sterol C–14 demethylation and also in some conditions to fenpropimorph, tridemorph and the inhibitors of squalene-epoxidase. The other mutants were characterised by a reduced spectrum of cross-resistance between triadimenol and the other inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis. The field isolates and laboratory mutants resistant to triadimenol and propiconazole were also resistant to each of the four enantiomers of these two fungicides.  相似文献   

5.
The strains of Botrytis cinerea or Ustilago maydis selected on fenarimol, triarimol, or triadimefon were also resistant to the other inhibitors of sterol C-14 demethylation; the sterol composition of the strains was normal. Among the isolates of U. maydis resistant to dodemorph, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph and tridemorph, some were resistant to the 15-azasteroid A 25822B and did not contain ergosterol. The other strains remained sensitive to A 25822B and had a normal sterol composition. All the resistant isolates and the wild-type were inhibited to the same extent by nystatin and pimaricin.  相似文献   

6.
 为明确苹果轮纹病菌对苯醚甲环唑和氟硅唑的敏感性状况,本研究采用菌丝生长速率法检测了90个采自山东省各地区的苹果轮纹病菌对苯醚甲环唑和氟硅唑的敏感性。实验结果表明,苯醚甲环唑和氟硅唑对轮纹病菌的EC50平均值分别为0.198 1±0.247 1 μg·mL-1和0.117 4±0.121 8 μg·mL-1。频次分布图显示,苹果轮纹病菌群体中出现了敏感性降低的亚群体。三唑类杀菌剂苯醚甲环唑、氟硅唑和戊唑醇之间具有交互抗性;而三唑类杀菌剂苯醚甲环唑、氟硅唑、戊唑醇与代森锰锌之间不存在交互抗性。田间试验结果表明,苯醚甲环唑和氟硅唑对高敏感性和低敏感性病菌引起的枝干轮纹病具有同等的防治效果。本研究结果为田间防控苹果轮纹病的杀菌剂合理轮换使用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
Field isolates of the cereal eyespot pathogen can be divided into two groups which are now considered as two species: Tapesia yallundae and Tapesia acuformis. In both species the first case of acquired resistance was observed with benzimidazole fungicides in the early 1980s. At the same time, a number of sterol C-14 demethylation inhibitors (DMIs), such as the imidazole prochloraz and several triazoles, including flusilazole, were introduced. Surprisingly T. acuformis appeared intrinsically resistant to the triazole derivatives in comparison to T. yallundae, but both species were sensitive to prochloraz. The intensive use of these DMIs led to the development of acquired resistance towards triazoles in T. yallundae and towards prochloraz in T. acuformis. Today all the strains in both species appear equally sensitive to the anilinopyrimidine cyprodinil. ©1997 SCI  相似文献   

8.
Monoconidial strains of Venturia nashicola Tanaka et Yamamoto were isolated from Japanese or Chinese white pear trees which had never been treated with sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) and their baseline sensitivities to fenarimol were determined by mycelial growth tests on fungicide-amended culture media. Strains were also obtained from Japanese pear orchards, which had been intensively treated with DMIs for several years and monitored for the shifts of fenarimol sensitivity in comparison with the baseline sensitivity. Results suggested slight shifts to lower fenarimol sensitivity in strains isolated from DMI-treated Japanese pear orchards. However, in inoculation tests on pear seedlings, fenarimol still provided adequate control of V. nashicola strains with reduced sensitivity to fenarimol in vitro, suggesting that the performance of this fungicide will still be maintained in the field. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

9.
Pimaricin-resistant mutants of Aspergillus nidulans were selected on a medium containing the polyene-antibiotic. Some resistant mutants contained markedly reduced amounts of ergosterol, but others contained almost normal levels of this sterol. Most resistant mutants which lacked ergosterol had a biochemical lesion in sterol C-22 desaturation. Analysis of sterols in one of these isolates showed the presence of 5,7-ergostadienol, 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol, and 5,8-ergostadienol. The sterol C-14 demethylation inhibitor, fenarimol, was more toxic to this mutant than to the wild type. On the other hand, mutants inactive in sterol C-22 desaturation were resistant to oligomycin but showed wild type sensitivity to carboxin. Attempts to select sterol C-14-demethylation-deficient mutants of Aspergillus nidulans, Monilinia fructicola, and Pyricularia oryzae on polyene-containing media were unsuccessful. Apparently C-14-methyl sterols do not support growth of these filamentous fungi.  相似文献   

10.
系统比较了从云南省主要葡萄产区采集的57株葡萄胶胞炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides对三唑类脱甲基抑制剂烯唑醇、腈菌唑及咪唑类脱甲基抑制剂咪鲜胺的敏感性、交互敏感性及敏感性与生存适合度的相关性等指标。结果表明:供试菌株对咪鲜胺的EC50值在0.01~1.58 mg/L之间,高于其对烯唑醇(EC50值为0.05~25.45 mg/L)和腈菌唑(EC50值为0.49~192.93 mg/L)的敏感性;部分菌株对烯唑醇和腈菌唑的敏感性显著降低,而对咪鲜胺仍保持较高的敏感性;供试菌株对烯唑醇和腈菌唑的敏感性具有显著的相关性,而对咪鲜胺的敏感性与对烯唑醇和腈菌唑的敏感性之间则无显著相关性。低敏感性菌株的致病力和菌落生长速率与敏感菌株无显著差异,具有较高的生存适合度。  相似文献   

11.
The hemibiotrophic fungus Cercospora beticola causes leaf spot of sugar beet. Leaf spot control measures include the application of sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. However, reduced sensitivity to DMIs has been reported recently in the Red River Valley sugar beet-growing region of North Dakota and Minnesota. Here, we report the cloning and molecular characterization of CbCyp51, which encodes the DMI target enzyme sterol P450 14α-demethylase in C. beticola. CbCyp51 is a 1,632-bp intron-free gene with obvious homology to other fungal Cyp51 genes and is present as a single copy in the C. beticola genome. Five nucleotide haplotypes were identified which encoded three amino acid sequences. Protein variant 1 composed 79% of the sequenced isolates, followed by protein variant 2 that composed 18% of the sequences and a single isolate representative of protein variant 3. Because resistance to DMIs can be related to polymorphism in promoter or coding sequences, sequence diversity was assessed by sequencing >2,440 nucleotides encompassing CbCyp51 coding and flanking regions from isolates with varying EC(50) values (effective concentration to reduce growth by 50%) to DMI fungicides. However, no mutations or haplotypes were associated with DMI resistance or sensitivity. No evidence for alternative splicing or differential methylation of CbCyp51 was found that might explain reduced sensitivity to DMIs. However, CbCyp51 was overexpressed in isolates with high EC(50) values compared with isolates with low EC(50) values. After exposure to tetraconazole, isolates with high EC(50) values responded with further induction of CbCyp51, with a positive correlation of CbCyp51 expression and tetraconazole concentration up to 2.5 μg ml(-1).  相似文献   

12.
采用孢子芽管长度法,测定了采自河北省不同地区的88个梨黑星病菌 Venturia nashicola 菌株对氟硅唑的敏感性,并测定了10个相对敏感菌株和5个相对抗性菌株对甲基硫菌灵、醚菌酯、福美双和苯醚甲环唑的敏感性。结果表明:不同地区黑星病菌对氟硅唑的敏感性存在一定差异,平均EC50值为(1.3821±0.9276)μg/mL;氟硅唑对未使用过麦角甾醇生物合成抑制剂(EBI)类杀菌剂的75个梨黑星病菌菌株的平均EC50值为(1.1676±0.6128)μg/mL,最大值是最小值的16.91倍,其敏感性分布频率呈连续性单峰曲线,且符合正态分布,故可作为敏感基线用于监测田间梨黑星病菌对氟硅唑的敏感性变化。不同菌株对5种药剂的敏感性相互关系分析表明,氟硅唑和苯醚甲环唑之间呈显著正相关,但与醚菌酯、甲基硫菌灵和福美双之间均不存在交互抗性关系。  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT Single-conidial isolates of Uncinula necator from (i) a population representing two vineyards with no previous exposure to sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides ("unexposed," n = 77) and (ii) a population representing two vineyards in which powdery mildew was poorly controlled by triadimefon after prolonged DMI use ("selected," n = 82) were assayed to determine distributions of sensitivities to the DMI fungicides triadimenol (the active form of triadimefon), myclobutanil, and fenarimol. Median 50% effective dose (ED(50)) values (micrograms per milliliter) in the selected versus unexposed populations were 0.06 versus 1.9 for triadimenol, 0.03 versus 0.23 for myclobutanil, and 0.03 versus 0.07 for fenarimol, respectively. Isolates were grouped into sensitivity classes according to their ED(50) values, and those from the selected population were categorized as resistant if the frequency of their sensitivity class had increased significantly relative to levels found in the unexposed population (ED(50) values exceeding 0.56, 0.18, and 0.18 mug/ml for triadimenol, myclobutanil, and fenarimol, respectively). Of the 76 isolates defined as resistant to triadimenol, 64% were classified as cross-resistant to myclobutanil, 18% were classified as cross-resistant to fenarimol, and 17% were classified as resistant to all three fungicides; 25% of the isolates classified as resistant to myclobutanil also were classified as resistant to fenarimol. Similar cross-resistance relationships were revealed when all isolates were examined by regressing log ED(50) values for each fungicide against those for the remaining two fungicides to determine the correlation coefficients (e.g., r = 0.85 for triadimenol versus myclobutanil and 0.56 for triadimenol versus fenarimol). The restricted levels of cross-resistance indicated by these data, particularly between fenarimol and the other two fungicides, is in sharp contrast to the high levels of cross-resistance among DMIs reported for some other pathogens and has significant implications with respect to programs for managing grapevine powdery mildew and DMI resistance.  相似文献   

14.

Sensitivity and inherent resistance risk of Alternaria solani to fludioxonil, cross-resistance profiles and the potential implications of resistance mutations on fitness parameters were investigated. Fludioxonil was highly effective against a wild type A. solani field strain both in vitro (EC50?=?0.05 μg/mL) and in preventive applications on artificially inoculated tomato fruit. Mutants with low [Resistance factor (Rf): 15 based on EC50], medium (Rf: 150–300) and high (Rf: > 1000) levels of phenylpyrrole resistance were isolated from the wild type strain at high frequencies following mutagenesis with UV irradiation and selection on fludioxonil containing medium. Resistant isolates retained their resistance levels even after 9 subcultures on fungicide-free growth medium while they could express their resistant phenotypes in planta. Investigation of cross-resistance relationships showed that fludioxonil resistance mutations also reduce the sensitivity of mutant strains to the aromatic hydrocarbon fungicide quintozene as well as the dicarboximides iprodione and vinclozolin. No cross-resistance was observed between fludioxonil and fungicides with different modes of action such as the sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (DMIs) imazalil and flusilazole and the carboxamide boscalid. All fludioxonil resistant isolates were more sensitive to the anilinopyrimidine pyrimethanil, while only two isolates were less sensitive to the QoI pyraclostrobin compared to the wild-type strain. Study of fitness determining parameters showed that resistance mutation(s) had no adverse effects on mycelial growth, conidial germination and sensitivity to osmotic stress while they had a pleiotropic effect on virulence and conidia production in resistant mutants. Results of the present study indicate that fludioxonil is a highly effective fungicide against A. solani, while the risk of resistance development to this fungicide is considered to be medium making fludioxonil an ideal alternative to high risk fungicides such as boscalid and pyraclostrobin whose performance against early blight has already been compromised by resistance development.

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15.
In a survey conducted during 1991–1992, single-spored isolates of the eyespot fungus from the Swartland area were characterized and tested for sensitivity to carbendazim and ergosterol inhibiting fungicides. The 100 isolates tested were all fast growing, even marginate, and designated as Ramulispora herpotrichoides . Fungal growth was completely inhibit on PDA amended with carbendazim (1 μg/ml), indicating that the local population of the fungus is still at baseline sensitivity to benzimidazoles. The mean concentration of prochloraz calculated to inhibited growth by 50% (IC50 value) was 0.043 ± 0.029 μg/ml, which is comparable with the baseline sensitivity reported for European isolates. Of the 36 representative isolates screened against 2 μg/ml triadimenol, 44% were sensitive, while 36% were resistant. The triadimenol-resistant isolates were sensitive to propiconazole and flusilazole. However, four of the triadimenol-resistant isolates were also resistant to tebuconazole. These results indicate that South African isolates of R. herpotrichoides are sensitive towards carbendazim, prochloraz, propiconazole and flusilazole. They were found to differ, however, in sensitivity towards triadimenol and tebuconazole, where some isolates had an IC50 value greater than 2 μg/ml.  相似文献   

16.
The fitness of twelve fenarimol-resistant mutants of Aspergillus nidulans was tested with respect to spore germination, germ tube elongation, hyphal growth and sporulation. Half of the strains tested were isolated on triarimolcontaining media. The other strains were selected on imazalil-or cycloheximide-containing media (Van Tuyl, 1977).A number of mutant strains produced spores with unimpaired viability on synthetic medium. In other strains a reduction in spore viability was noticed. The rate of germ tube elongation of all resistant mutants was significantly lower than that of the wild-type strain. Mutant strains with a low degree of resistance always had an almost normal mycelial growth rate, whereas growth of some of the strains with a relatively high degree of resistance was significantly slower. Spore production on malt agar was highest in the wild-type strain and was found to be lower in fenarimol-resistant mutants. In most of the mutant strains tested a high degree of cross-resistance between fenarimol, imazalil and triadimefon was established; in some of them cross-resistance to these chemicals was low or even absent.Possible implications of the results described for the chance of development of resistance in phytopathogenic fungi to sterol biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
The ED50 values and resistance factors of 20 fungicides that all act as inhibitors of the C-14 demethylation of 24-methylenedihydrolanosterol were determined for one wild-type and four resistant strains of Ustilago avenae. All fungicides were cross-resistant to each other; however, the resistance factors varied considerably, ranging from 50 (triadimenol) to 2·2 (miconazole). A tentative structural requirement for low resistant factors was the presence of two phenyl rings separated from each other by at least three atoms. Labeling of lipids with [14C]acetate in the absence and presence of the inhibitors and subsequent sterol analysis revealed that the variable resistance factors were not related to the presence of a second target site. In spite of reported second modes of action of fenarimol, tebuconazole or miconazole, accumulation of C-14 sterol precursors in both sensitive and resistant isolates was necessary to accomplish growth inhibition.  相似文献   

18.
Isolates of Cercospora beticola resistant to fungicides that inhibit sterol demethylation (DMIs) were collected from sugar beet fields in Northern Greece. Fitness of these isolates was compared to that of DMI-sensitive isolates. The parameters measured were competitive ability both under growth chamber and field conditions, mycelial growth, spore germination, germ tube length, incubation period, virulence and spore production. The competitive ability under growth chamber conditions was measured for 4 pairs of one resistant and one sensitive isolate. Results showed that after 4 disease cycles, in 2 out of 4 pairs tested, the resistant isolates competed well with the sensitive isolates, but in the remaining two pairs the frequency of the resistant isolate decreased significantly. The competition experiment in the field was carried out by inoculating field plots with a conidial suspension consisting of a spore mixture from all the resistant and all the sensitive isolates used in this study. Results showed that at the end of the growing period the frequency of the resistant isolates had slightly decreased (P < 0.05). The measurements of fitness components of individual isolates showed that the resistant isolates had significantly lower (P < 0.05) virulence and spore production than the sensitive isolates, while no significant differences (P > 0.05) to the remaining 4 fitness components, were detected. With correlation analysis it was determined whether there is a relationship between values of each fitness component and the level of sensitivity to flutriafol of individual isolates. The correlation coefficients for virulence (r = 0.45) and spore production (r = 0.41) were significantly different from 0 (P > 0.05), indicating that resistance to DMIs affected, to some degree, the fitness of the resistant isolates.  相似文献   

19.
In a survey conducted during October 1995, single-lesion isolates of the sugar beet leaf-spot fungus, Cercospora beticola , were tested for sensitivity to the sterol demethylation inhibiting fungicides (DMIs) flutriafol and bitertanol. The isolates were collected from fields in three different areas of northern Greece. Fields at Serres and Imathia had been sprayed with DMIs for about 15 years to control sugar beet leaf-spot. At the third site, Amyndeon, DMI fungicides had not been used. From each area 150 isolates were tested. ED50 values were calculated for individual isolates by regressing the relative inhibition of colony growth against the natural logarithm of the fungicide concentration. The mean ED50 values for flutriafol for the Serres, Imathia and Amyndeon populations were 1·07, 0·73 and 0·5 µg mL−1, respectively (significantly different at P  = 0·05). For bitertanol the mean ED50 values for the Serres and Imathia populations were 0·72 and 0·81 µg mL−1, respectively, which were not significantly different at P  = 0·05. The mean ED50 value of the Amyndeon population was 0·48 µg mL−1, which was significantly lower than those of the other two populations ( P  < 0·05). A cross-resistance relationship was found to exist between the two triazole fungicides tested when log transformed ED50 values of 60 isolates were subjected to a linear regression analysis ( r  = 0·81).  相似文献   

20.
Sensitivity of Fusarium moniliforme Isolates to Ipconazole   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
To estimate the sensitivity of Fusarium moniliforme to ipconazole, a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (SBI), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for isolates which were collected before the launch of ipconazole as a rice seed disinfectant. Research institutes from various prefectures in Japan supplied 211 isolates (group I) from their collections, and 84 isolates (group II) were isolated from rice paddy fields in Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture. In group I, the MIC ranged from 0.10 to 6.25 μg/ml with a peak at 0.39 μg/ml. In group II, MIC values had the same range as group I, but the main peak was at 0.20 μg/ml. Ipconazole sensitivity did not differ significantly among groups I and II. Though the ranges of MIC values for ipconazole, pefurazoate and triflumizole were different in 60 isolates randomly chosen from group I, positive correlations were observed in their sensitivities to SBIs, suggesting a common mechanism in F. moniliforme for lowering sensitivities to SBIs. Among the 14 isolates tested, isolates with MIC values lower than 0.78 μg/ml for ipconazole were pathogenic to rice seedlings, and all the isolates with MIC values higher than or equal to 1.56 μg/ml were not pathogenic in the nursery test. Good protection against isolates causing “Bakanae” disease was obtained by dipping seeds for 24 hr in ipconazole. The pathogenic isolates can be controlled by the seed treatment with the practical dosage of ipconazole because of the adequate margin between the highest MIC value for the pathogenic isolates and the treatment concentration. In addition, the low or lack of pathogenicity of the isolates less sensitive to ipconazole may also contribute to the stable efficacy of ipconazole. Received 8 November 1999/ Accepted in revised form 18 April 2000  相似文献   

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