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唑啉·炔草酸EC防除麦田禾本科杂草应用技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以稻茬直播小麦田杂草防除为目标,验证50 g/L唑啉.炔草酸(大能)对麦田禾本科杂草的防效及对小麦安全性。结果麦明,唑啉·炔草酸杀草谱广,对小麦田禾本科杂草防效高,特别是对顽固性杂草硬草有很好的防除效果。冬前杂草3~4叶期,50 g/L唑啉.炔草酸EC 900 mL/hm2、兑水30 kg/hm2;春季3月中旬,杂草5~7叶期,用50 g/L唑啉·炔草酸1 200 mL/hm2、兑水525 kg/hm2均匀喷雾,对硬草株防效均可高达100%。且对小麦安全,增产显著。 相似文献
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几种除草剂对胡麻田裸燕麦(莜麦)、皮燕麦的防除效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文开展了唑啉草酯等7种除草剂对胡麻田裸燕麦、皮燕麦的防除试验研究,结果表明,在胡麻株高5~7cm,裸燕麦、皮燕麦3~5叶期施药,50g/L唑啉草酯乳油、108g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油、15%精吡氟禾草灵乳油、240g/L烯草酮乳油和10%精喹禾灵乳油有效成分剂量分别为90、145.8、315、432和90g/hm2时,药后45d对裸燕麦的株防效达95.39%以上,鲜重防效达97.21%以上,胡麻增产率在82.79%以上;50g/L唑啉草酯乳油、108g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油、15%精吡氟禾草灵乳油、15%炔草酯可湿性粉剂、10%精喹禾灵乳油和12.5%烯禾啶乳油有效成分剂量分别为90、145.8、270、135、90和412.5g/hm2时,药后45d对皮燕麦的株防效在94.66%以上,鲜重防效达96.13%以上,胡麻增产率在80.25%以上,各药在上述剂量下防治裸燕麦和皮燕麦后均对胡麻表现安全,可大面积示范推广。 相似文献
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几种除草剂对冬麦田杂草的防除效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过田间药效试验,比较不同除草剂对当前南疆地区冬麦田播娘蒿、萹蓄、硬草等杂草的防除效果,为科学、安全、高效应用除草剂提供依据。结果表明,药后50 d,10％苯磺隆可湿性粉剂18．0 g a．i．／hm2＋5％唑啉草酯·炔草酯乳油37．5 g a．i．／hm2、75％苯磺隆水分散粒剂18．0 g a．i．／hm2＋10％乙羧氟草醚乳油12．0 g a．i．／hm2＋5％唑啉草酯·炔草酯乳油37．5 g a．i．／hm2、37％炔·苄·唑草酮可湿性粉剂166．5 g a．i．／hm2对播娘蒿的株防效、鲜质量防效均为100％,对萹蓄的鲜质量防效均在92％以上,对硬草的株防效、鲜质量防效均在88％以上,且对小麦生长安全。 相似文献
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几种杀虫剂防治水稻二化螟兼治纵卷叶螟试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
田间试验结果表明,50%敌·唑磷乳油1500mL/hm2对水稻二化螟、纵卷叶螟具有很好的防治效果,杀虫效果、保穗效果、保叶效果均达95%以上.15%氟铃·唑磷乳油1350mL/hm2、45%二嗪·唑磷乳油900mL/hm2、18%阿维·唑磷乳油1500 mL/hm2对水稻二化螟、纵卷叶螟有良好的防治效果,杀虫、保穗、保叶效果达90%左右.以上4种杀虫剂对水稻二化螟、纵卷叶螟防治效果显著优于常规药剂90%杀虫单可溶粉剂900g/hm2和50%甲胺磷乳油2 250mL/hm2.4种药剂在试验剂量下对水稻的正常生长无影响,安全性好. 相似文献
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为筛选能有效防除云南麦田入侵杂草小籽虉草Phalaris minor的除草剂, 采用温室盆栽法分别测定了麦田常用7种茎叶处理剂各7个梯度剂量对小籽虉草的毒力?结果表明, 在推荐剂量下, 50%异丙隆WP?5%唑啉草酯EC?15%炔草酯WP?69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW?7.5%啶磺草胺WG?30 g/L甲基二磺隆OD和70%氟唑磺隆WG对小籽虉草药后30 d的株防效分别为99.34%?99.43%?87.50%?75.00%?34.50%?37.50%, 54.17%, 药后30 d的鲜重防效分别为87.92%?92.66%?56.09%?74.43%?57.17%?45.61%?44.67%?所有除草剂中, 唑啉草酯的GR90接近推荐使用剂量的90%?异丙隆的GR90略高于推荐剂量, 其他除草剂的GR90远高于麦田推荐使用剂量?以上结果表明, 防治麦田杂草小籽虉草的首选除草剂为唑啉草酯, 备选除草剂种类少? 相似文献
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布顿大麦草为麦田入侵杂草, 为尽早建立对该杂草的化学防除技术, 本研究采用室内盆栽法测定了布顿大麦草对21种除草剂的敏感性?结果表明:土壤处理剂41%氟噻草胺悬浮剂对布顿大麦草具有良好的防除效果, 42%氟啶草酮悬浮剂?60%丁草胺乳油?40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂?960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油对布顿大麦草的防除效果一般, 50%扑草净可湿性粉剂?50%异丙隆可湿性粉剂?45%二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂?50%吡氟酰草胺可湿性粉剂防除效果不理想; 茎叶处理剂7.5%啶磺草胺水分散粒剂?12.5%烯禾啶乳油?41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂对布顿大麦草防除效果好, 5%咪唑乙烟酸水剂?8%炔草酯水乳剂?30 g/L甲基二磺隆可分散油悬浮剂?8%烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂?7%双唑草腈颗粒剂?70%氟唑磺隆水分散粒剂对布顿大麦草的防除效果一般, 5%唑啉草酯乳油?7.5%双环磺草酮颗粒剂?69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵水乳剂防除效果不理想?氟噻草胺?在推荐剂量492 g/hm2下, 处理21 d后对布顿大麦草的鲜重抑制率为75.40%; 啶磺草胺?草甘膦异丙胺盐?烯禾啶在推荐剂量14?1 500?187.5 g/hm2下, 处理21 d后对布顿大麦草的鲜重抑制率分别为73.96%?60.60%?65.07%?综合本研究结果及除草剂使用特性, 麦田布顿大麦草可采用氟噻草胺土壤封闭或者啶磺草胺茎叶喷雾处理进行有效防除; 油菜田布顿大麦草可采用烯禾啶进行防除; 非耕地布顿大麦草可采用草甘膦异丙胺盐进行防除? 相似文献
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Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
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Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
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Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
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《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
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Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
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The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
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Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
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Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
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Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
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W. Gams Willeke Van Laar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(2):39-45
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen. 相似文献