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雨露沤麻是我所研究推广的一项工省效宏的亚麻沤制新技术 ,东北地区推广后取得很大效益。但由于受自然条件的影响而导致出麻率低和纤维品质劣的问题一直没能解决。本文探讨了在 5月 2 0日至 9月 1日适宜温度内铺麻 ,采用间隔 48小时人工喷水 4毫米的新技术 ,以弥补自然降水的不足 ,增加沤麻湿度 ,改善沤麻环境 ,缩短沤麻周期 ,提高长麻率 0 .9— 3.4个百分点 ,纤维号提高 2号。该项技术对指导雨露沤麻工作和雨露沤麻工厂化有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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提高雨露沤麻品质技术的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
雨露沤麻是我所研究推广的一项工省效宏的亚麻沤制新技术，东北地区推广后取得很大效益，但由于受自然条件的影响而导致出麻率低和纤维品质劣的问题一直没能解决。本文探讨了在５月２０日至９月１日适宜温度内铺麻，采用间隔４８小时人工喷水４毫米的新技术，以弥补自然降水的不足，增加沤麻湿度，改善沤麻环境，缩短沤麻周期，提高长麻率０．９－３．４个百分点，纤维号提高２号，该项技术对指导雨露沤麻工作和雨露沤麻工厂化有一定 相似文献
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亚麻鲜茎雨露沤制技术的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
雨露麻以其生产方式简单,成本低,不污染环境而被广泛应用,但传统的雨露麻采用人工收获,在多雨季节里原茎保存困难,常发生霉烂。给工农业均造成损失。鲜茎雨露沤麻技术的提出解决了这一问题,同时使沤麻时间提前10天左右,亚麻收获就开始沤制,充分利用了亚麻收获季节的高温和降雨。沤麻速度快,沤麻时间缩短,降低了生产成本,麻率相对提高0.5-1个百分点,纤维强度增加1.2—2.7kg。此项技术对我国雨露麻的发展具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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雨露沤麻是我所研究推广的一项工省效宏的亚麻沤制新技术,东北地区推广后取得很大效益.但由于受自然条件的影响而导致出麻率低和纤维品质劣的问题一直没能解决.本文探讨了在5月20日至9月1日适宜温度内铺麻,采用间隔48小时人工喷水4毫米的新技术,以弥补自然降水的不足,增加沤麻湿度,改善沤麻环境,缩短沤麻周期,提高长麻率0.9-3.4个百分点,纤维号提高2号.该项技术对指导雨露沤麻工作和雨露沤麻工厂化有一定指导意义. 相似文献
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亚麻鲜茎雨露沤制技术的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
雨露麻以其生产方式简单,成本低,不污染环境而被广泛应用,但传统的雨露麻采用人工收获,在多雨季节里原茎保存困难,常发生霉烂.给工农业均造成损失.鲜茎雨露沤麻技术的提出解决了这一问题,同时使沤麻时间提前10天左右,亚麻收获就开始沤制,充分利用了亚麻收获季节的高温和降雨.沤麻速度快,沤麻时间缩短,降低了生产成本,麻率相对提高0.5-1个百分点,纤维强度增加1.2-2.7kg.此项技术对我国雨露麻的发展具有一定的指导意义. 相似文献
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本实验为了解决雨露沤制过程中因温度和湿度的不足造成沤制不成功这一问题,采用生物快速脱胶,提高脱胶速度。本实验采用不同地区的12个样品,分离脱胶菌142株,其中以沤麻时间在15d左右的为多,获得率居首位(45.8%)。在脱胶终点的判定上首次采用蜗旋混合震荡仪法,在酶活力的测定上采用DNS法,实验结果更加准确;得到亚麻脱胶程度在4级的有3株,占所分离脱胶菌的10%;YL79和YL113两株脱胶菌尤为突出,亚麻脱胶程度均在4级;果胶酶活性均在800个单位以上;故均为微生物脱胶的优选菌株,为雨露沤麻生物制剂的研究打下良好的基础。 相似文献
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本实验为了解决雨露沤制过程中因温度和湿度的不足造成沤制不成功这一问题,采用生物快速脱胶,提高脱胶速度.本实验采用不同地区的12个样品,分离脱胶菌142株,其中以沤麻时间在15d左右的为多,获得率居首位(45.8%).在脱胶终点的判定上首次采用蜗旋混合震荡仪法,在酶活力的测定上采用DNS法,实验结果更加准确;得到亚麻脱胶程度在4级的有3株,占所分离脱胶菌的10%;YL79和YL113两株脱胶菌尤为突出,亚麻脱胶程度均在4级;果胶酶活性均在800个单位以上;故均为微生物脱胶的优选菌株,为雨露沤麻生物制剂的研究打下良好的基础. 相似文献
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1973—74年全苏韧皮作物科学研究所研究了果胶菌剂对加速大麻沤麻的效果，果胶菌剂由全苏农业微生物科学研究所提供。沤麻槽每槽装大麻杆5吨，按原料重的0．05％计算加入果胶菌剂。装麻前沤麻槽中溶液的PH值为6．8—7．2。在沤麻过程中进行沤麻液中耗碱度(1毫升溶液中消耗0．01N NaOH毫升数)、 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献