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利用来自10个省区27个产地的南方红豆杉种子在福建明溪和浙江淳安2个地点开展种源苗期遗传测定,系统研究苗木生长、苗高生长参数、根系特征和干物质积累等性状的种源差异及育苗环境对种源苗木生长的影响.研究结果显示:南方红豆杉苗高、地径和侧枝数存在显著的种源差异.基于苗高生长参数分析表明:种源苗高的增加主要是由于线性生长量、最高生长速率和线性生长速率的提高,而不是由于线性生长期的延长.相对于其它树种,南方红豆杉线性生长速率虽较小,但线性生长期较长.试验虽然未发现根系形态、干物质积累量的种源差异达到统计学上的显著水平,但这些性状的种源绝对值却相差较大,达20%以上.育苗环境对南方红豆杉种源生长影响较大,良好的水热资源和庇荫条件将显著促进苗木的高、径生长.苗木生长性状存在显著的种源与地点互作,但种源与遮阳处理的互作却很小.不同育苗地点南方红豆杉苗高和地径呈现出的地理变异模式是不同的:在福建明溪点,种源苗木高、径生长与产地的地理气候因子相关性较小,苗期速生种源不仅有来自自然分布区偏东部和偏北部的种源,而且还有来自偏南部和偏西部的种源;在浙江淳安点,来自偏东部和偏北部的种源苗高生长量较大,而来自偏南部和偏西部的种源生长则较慢,类似于作者对南方红豆杉有限分布区种源试验的已有研究结果. 相似文献
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选用来自贵州黎平马褂木优良种源的23个优树自由授粉家系,设置低氮素和高氮素2种水平的盆栽试验,以研究马褂木家系苗生长对氮素营养的遗传反应差异及所受遗传控制.结果表明:不同氮素水平下,马褂木苗的生长、干物质积累、叶片和根系等性状皆存在显著的家系遗传差异;低氮胁迫将显著抑制马褂木苗叶片发育和根系生长,影响苗高生长和干物质积累,但低氮素水平下生产的光合产物则较多地分配至地下根系部分以促进对氮素的吸收利用;与高氮处理比较,低氮胁迫加大了苗木生长、叶片和根系参数等家系遗传分化,有利于鉴别高氮效率的马褂木优良家系.马褂木家系氮效率差异很大,变化在17.5%～98.8%间,初选出乌10等8个高氮效率且在低氮素水平下生长优良的家系,以及乌11等12个氮肥敏感型而在高氮素水平下生长优良的家系.研究发现,低氮素水平下马褂木苗高、干物质积累量、叶片性状(叶片数、叶片长、叶片宽)、根系参数(根体积、侧根数和须根数)等都受中到强度的家系遗传控制,可用这些子性状评价马褂木家系氮效率. 相似文献
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利用来自11个省区25个三尖杉种源在福建明溪和浙江安吉两试验点开展苗期测定,研究种子、苗木形态与生长性状的种源差异.方差分析结果显示:来自不同产地的三尖杉,其种子、苗木形态与生长性状差异显著.试验观测到,来自东南部地区的三尖杉种源种子较长,苗高生长量较大,分枝稀少,而中西部地区的三尖杉种源种子较短,苗高生长量较小,分枝较多.三尖杉可明显地区分为长叶和短叶两种类型,东南部的种源多为长叶类型,而中西部地区的种源多为短叶类型,间有长叶类型分布.长叶类型三尖杉种源的种长、苗高和分枝数分别为短叶类型种源的116.8%、156.2%和1.54%.相关分析发现,较之于北部的长叶类型三尖杉种源,来自于南部的长叶类型种源苗高生长量较大,地径有增大的趋势;短叶类型三尖杉种源的苗木高径生长没有明显的纬向变异模式,其地径生长与产地经度存在一定程度的正相关. 相似文献
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利用来自7省区36个木荷种源在浙江淳安和福建建瓯两试验点的苗期测定材料,研究其苗木生长、根系特征和叶片形态等12个性状的种源差异及其地理变异模式。方差分析结果显示,除主根长、侧根长和叶片颜色在种源间无显著差异外,其它性状的种源效应都达到显著或极显著水平。种源苗木性状与产地地理气候因子的相关分析发现,苗高、叶片特征(叶片数、叶片宽、叶片厚)及秋末嫩叶颜色等呈典型的纬向变异模式,产地温度则是造成这种纬向变异模式的主要环境作用因子。与北部种源比较,南部种源生长快,叶片数量多,但叶片较薄较窄,其秋末嫩叶颜色变化对寒冷信号反应敏感。影响木荷种子性状表型差异的主导因素是产地的年降水量。以苗高为标准,分别在两地点初选出优良种源10个,它们多来自25°N左右的木荷自然分布区。 相似文献
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利用设置在福建建瓯、浙江龙泉和淳安3个试验点的96～141个木荷优树自由授粉家系苗期测定材料,以研究和揭示其苗木生长和叶片形态性状的家系遗传变异规律.方差分析结果显示,木荷苗高、地径、叶片数、叶片长和叶片宽等在家系间的遗传差异皆达到极显著水平.性状遗传力估算值显示,苗高和叶片长分别受中等和较强的家系与加性遗传控制,而地径、叶片数和叶片宽等则受弱度至中等的家系和加性遗传控制.试验观测到,与来自较北部和较高海拔地区的家系比较,来自较南部和低海拔地区的家系在各区试点的苗木生长量大、叶片宽大、叶片数多,说明木荷苗木生长和叶片形态的家系效应中还存在明显的产地效应.木荷苗高和地径等不仅立地效应显著,而且存在显著的家系与立地互作效应.基于家系苗期测定结果,以苗高为标准,分别为水热条件较好的中心产区(福建建瓯)、一般产区(浙江龙泉)和水热资源较差的北缘区(浙江淳安)初选出20个速生的优良家系. 相似文献
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对杉木１２０个优良家系子代苗期的苗高、分枝数、根系发育、生物量等１５个主要性状进行了遗传变异研究。结果表明：家系间在苗高、分枝数、侧枝盘数、侧根数,侧根长、冻害率、地下鲜重、地下干重、全株干重等性状上的差异达显著水平以上。侧根数、侧根长、主根长、全株鲜重、地上鲜重、地下干重等性状差异不显著。苗高、侧根长、冻害率、地下鲜重、侧根数、地下干重等性状有较高单株遗传率,受较强的加性遗传效应所控制,其他性状受环境影响较大,苗木冻害率与纬度间中度负向相关,来自南部家系易受冻害,北部家系有较高抗寒性,其他性状的地理变异趋势不明显。因此遗传改良作苗期选择时,除了注意苗高和地径生长外,应把苗木侧根的发育情况视为选择的指标之一。在良种推广应用上,须考虑到家系抗寒力的适应地域。 相似文献
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红椿是中国珍贵乡土速生用材树种。为了研究红椿不同种源在武汉地区的适应性和生长差异,对4个红椿地理种源苗期、6 a生幼林树叶片及其生长量性状进行了观测与分析。结果表明,同一种源红椿叶片的复叶长、复叶宽、小叶长、小叶宽、小叶数这5个指标性状,6 a生幼林树的观测值皆大于苗期的观测值。苗期时不同种源间复叶长、复叶宽、小叶长、小叶宽、小叶数、复叶长宽比、小叶长宽比这7个叶片性状皆存在极显著差异;除小叶长外,红椿6 a生幼林树不同种源其他性状指标之间存在显著或极显著差异;不同种源间不同林龄红椿生长量指标之间也均存在极显著差异,且随着林龄的增加红椿不同种源生长量之间差异也随之增大。4个种源6 a生红椿生长量排序为福建来舟（LZ）>福建武夷山（WY）>江西井冈山（GS）>江西官山（JG）。相关性分析结果表明,苗期的叶片性状间相关显著性较高,6 a生幼林树的叶片性状间除极个别性状表现出显著相关外,大部分性状间相关不显著。 相似文献
10.
为了解不同育苗方式条件下晚松不同种源苗期生长及生物量差异,选择江西省3个不同种源的晚松,采取露地直播和容器育苗两种方式播种,对一年生晚松苗期的苗高、地径和生物量等进行测定和分析。结果表明:露地直播的晚松地径和冠幅显著大于容器苗,但其苗高相对更小,苗高和地径表现为峡江安福泰和,冠幅表现为峡江泰和安福;露地苗的苗高种源间无显著差异,而容器苗有极显著差异,地径和冠幅差异规律一致,均达显著水平;露地苗的一级侧根数显著多于容器苗,主根长和一级侧根均长无显著差异,且长度均表现为峡江安福泰和,一级侧根数表现为峡江泰和安福;露地苗的一级侧根数种源间差异极显著,容器苗差异不显著,露地苗的一级侧根均长无显著差异,而容器苗有显著性差异;同种育苗方式,种源间的主根长均无显著差异;露地直播的晚松地上部分、地下部分和总的生物量均显著大于容器育苗,各生物量均表现为峡江安福泰和;露地苗的各部分生物量种源间差异均达显著水平,而容器苗差异均不显著;一年生的晚松,除了苗高容器育苗较露地直播高,其他生长指标和生物量均以露地直播方式较好,露地直播对晚松能源利用率的提高效果更显著。峡江种源晚松的各生长指标以及各生物量均大于安福和泰和种源,可选为优良种源做进一步研究。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
18.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
19.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献