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《中国渔业质量与标准》2016,(6)
黄海海州湾海域是中国重要的贝类养殖区之一,为阐明该海区腹泻性贝类毒素的组成成分及含量水平,保障贝类食用安全,应用固相吸附毒素示踪(solid phase adsorption toxin tracking,SPATT)技术,采用液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)检测方法,于2013年7—12月间,分别对黄海海州湾海域的连岛和秦山岛两个海区及海头和九里两个围塘海水中的大田软海绵酸(okadaic acid,OA)、鳍藻毒素-1(dinophysistoxin-1,DTX-1)、鳍藻毒素-2(dinophysistoxin-2,DTX-2)、蛤毒素(pectenotoxin-2,PTX-2)和虾夷扇贝毒素(yessotoxin,YTX)5种腹泻性贝类毒素(diarrhetic shellfish poisoning,DSP)进行定期采集和分析研究。结果显示,连岛和秦山岛海区海水中DSP成分相同,包括OA、DTX-1和PTX-2,未检出DTX-2、YTX。连岛和秦山岛海区海水中腹泻性贝类毒素含量存在空间差异性,连岛海区毒素含量普遍高于秦山岛海区;连岛和秦山岛海区海水中DSP的含量季节性变化趋势相似,OA和PTX-2在7—9月含量较高,DTX-1变化较小。在海头和九里围塘海水中检出OA和PTX-2,但含量极低;未检出DTX-1、DTX-2和YTX。近海养殖围塘受毒素污染较小,可选作经济实用的贝毒净化养殖区。研究填补了该海域贝类养殖区腹泻性贝类毒素组成成分及变化研究空白,为加强贝类毒素污染监管,保障贝类食用安全提供基础数据。 相似文献
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10种麻痹性贝类毒素的固相萃取及液相色谱 串联质谱测定法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了10种麻痹性贝类毒素(PSP)的高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品用0.5%甲酸溶液加热提取,提取液经乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷和HLB固相萃取柱净化,乙腈去蛋白后,在正离子模式下以电喷雾串联质谱仪进行测定,TSK改性凝胶柱为色谱分离柱,5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵(含0.5%甲酸)-乙腈(含0.5%甲酸)为流动相,采用基质匹配的标准曲线进行定量,并以虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)和菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为测试对象,对方法的有效性进行了评价。评价结果为:在50~600μg·kg-1添加水平下,10种麻痹性贝类毒素平均回收率为72.3%~91.1%(批内),相对标准偏差为3.9%~9.5%(批内)。STX、dc STX和neo STX定量限(S/N10)为100μg·kg-1,GTX1~GTX5、dc GTX2和dc GTX3定量限为50.0μg·kg-1。结果表明,该方法快速、准确,适合于贝类产品中麻痹性贝类毒素的测定。 相似文献
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离子对反相高效液相色谱法同时检测水产品中6种ATP关联化合物 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
建立了水产品中6种ATP关联化合物的离子对反相高效液相色谱(IP-RPLC)检测方法,确定了缓冲液的最佳pH、流速和浓度,并对方法的准确度、精确度和检测限进行了测定.采用10％的高氯酸分离提取样品,用KOH溶液中和后进行HPLC分析.采用Waters 2695色谱系统,Thermo ODS-2 Hypersil(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,柱温为25℃;以10％甲醇,90％ 0.05 mol/L磷酸盐溶液为流动相,磷酸盐溶液含9 mmol/L四丁基氢氧化氨(TBA),并用1 mol/L的磷酸调pH至6.5,采用等度洗脱,流速为0.9 mL/min;检测波长为254 nm.结果表明:6种ATP关联化合物在13 min内完全分离;在2～400 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数在0.9994～1.0000之间;方法最低检测限(信噪比S/N =3)在0.1～0.4 μg/mL之间;加标平均回收率为82.2％ ～110.0％,相对标准偏差为4.2％ ～9.5％.本方法可用于水产品中ATP、ADP、AMP、IMP、Hx和HxR等6种ATP关联化合物的同时测定和分析. 相似文献
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本文采用在淡水和海水中加入不同浓度的福尔马林,进行鮸鱼刺激隐核虫防治的研究.结果发现,福尔马林质量浓度为221.3 mg/L的海水中,鮸鱼12 h内无死亡,海水福尔马林对鮸鱼12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h时的半致死浓度分别为475.6,413.8,248.1,212.7,200.7 mg/L,安全浓度为56.08 mg/L;淡水浸泡鮸鱼的半致死时间为126 min;淡水处理刺激隐核虫的半致死时间为26 min,海水福尔马林中,处理2 h和12 h的半致死浓度为62.5,23.3 mg/L.全池泼洒20～80 mg/L福尔马林可防治刺激隐核虫,淡水浸泡30 min后泼 25 mg/L福尔马林效果更佳.研究结果表明,海水和淡水福尔马林对刺激隐核虫的致死浓度处于鮸鱼安全范围之内,淡水浸泡30 min后泼洒25 mg/L福尔马林可有效防治刺激隐核虫. 相似文献
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本文建立了分散固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定沉积物中氟喹诺酮类药物残留的分析方法。沉积物经20 m L乙腈-磷酸盐(1∶1,V/V)缓冲液超声提取,0.15 g乙二胺四乙酸二钠络合除杂,分散固相萃取材料净化,Ultimate XB-C18色谱柱分离,含4 mmol/L乙酸铵的0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸甲醇梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测方式检测,内标法定量分析。通过试验优化了不同提取方法、净化吸附剂比。结果表明,5种氟喹诺酮类药物在2.5~200 ng/m L范围内线性关系良好(R20.99),方法定量限(S/N≥10)为2μg/kg。在2~50μg/kg添加水平内,平均回收率为79.8%~112%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.2%~9.9%,日间RSD为5.3%~8.6%。 相似文献
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本研究根据固相吸附毒素跟踪技术(Solid phase adsorbent and toxin tracking,SPATT)原理,在牡蛎养殖区内,利用HP20大孔吸附树脂对海水中常见的4种腹泻贝类毒素:大田软海绵酸(Okadaic acid,OA)及其衍生物鳍藻毒素(Dinophysistoxin-1,DTX-1和Dinophysistoxin-2,DTX-2)、米氏螺环毒素(Gymnodimine toxins,GYM)进行吸附,对其吸附效率进行评价;建立了从海水中富集与检测4种常见腹泻性贝类毒素的方法;在养殖区内,选取5个采样点,每隔7d,同步采集海水与牡蛎样品,对牡蛎养殖区海水中和牡蛎体内的腹泻性贝类毒素分布情况进行了检测,分析海水中与牡蛎体内毒素含量的关系.结果显示,HP20树脂对4种腹泻性毒素吸附回收率良好,OA为98.9％,DTX-1为103.3％,DTX-2为93.5％,GYM为76.6％.在整个监控期内,除DTX-2外,其他3种毒素均有检出,OA浓度为20.451-422.352 μg/kg,DTX-1浓度为15.954-368.678 μg/kg,GYM浓度为20.452-282.231 μg/kg.在整个监控期内,海水样品中3种毒素含量随时间的变化呈现同一分布特征,牡蛎体内毒素含量随着海水中毒素含量的升高而升高,且峰值出现延后现象.研究表明,该技术能有效对养殖区水环境进行时空监控,为海水中和海洋贝类体内毒素的监控提供有力的支持,同时也为贝类毒素预警体系的建立提供方法支持. 相似文献
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研究建立了海水中5种磺胺类药物残留检测方法.样品经Oasis HLB固相柱萃取,磺胺类药物与干扰物分离,利用高效液相色谱法,采用紫外检测器检测.以乙腈(pH≈3)∶水(pH≈3)=20∶80作为流动相,于270nm波长处对5种磺胺类药物进行同时检测.结果表明,5种药物在0.05～5.00mg/L范围内均呈良好线性关系,两个添加浓度的平均回收率范围为75%～92%,相对标准偏差皆小于10%.该方法海水中最低检出浓度为:磺胺嘧啶(SD)20 ng/L、磺胺甲基嘧啶(SM1)20 ng/L、磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SM2)20 ng/L、磺胺甲基异恶唑(SMZ)30 ng/L、磺胺喹恶啉(SQ)40ng/L. 相似文献
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稀土元素镧Ⅲ对海水卤虫孵化率及变态率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文研究了单一稀土镧元素对海水卤虫孵化率、变态率、成虫率的影响及卤虫对镧元素的吸收.实验发现:1.8mg/L镧元素实验组比对照提高孵化率16.5％,且二者之间有显著性差异(P<0.05);0.3～0.9mg/L实验组可提高由无节幼体变为蚤扶幼体的变态率57.3～57.8％,它们与对照组之间存在着显著性差异(P<0.01);1.5mg/L、1.8mg/L两实验组比对照组提高成虫率12.0～13.0％,差异显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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Shun Watanabe Jun Aoyama Seishi Hagihara Bunpei Ai Rhodora V. Azanza Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(3):375-383
Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):61-70
No abstract available for this article. 相似文献
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Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L50 of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L50 of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species. 相似文献
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Charles C. Mischke Matt J. Griffin Terrence E. Greenway David Wise 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(2):288-292
Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds. 相似文献
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The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L−1 PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>104 cfu egg−1), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L−1, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L−1 for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L−1) concentrations of H2O2 was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg−1). 相似文献
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Fisheries Science - Fermentation of kamaboko in koji with wheat (KW), rice (KR), brown rice (KB), or soybean (KS) was performed by simulation of tofuyo processing. Moisture and protein content... 相似文献
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Sperm Motilities in Waigieu Seaperch,Psammoperca waigiensis: Effects of Various Dilutions,pH, Temperature,Osmolality, and Cations 
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下载免费PDF全文 The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature, osmolality, and cations on sperm motility parameters in waigieu seaperch, Psammoperca waigiensis. The maximum velocity of average in path (VAP), percentage of motile cells (MOT), and duration of sperm motility (DSM) were observed when semen was diluted in artificial seawater (ASW) at a ratio of 1:100 (144.9 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 95.6 ± 0.4%, and 230.3 ± 2.3 sec, respectively), at 30 C (142.0 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.6 ± 0.4%, and 238.3 ± 0.9 sec, respectively), and pH 8 (144.8 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.3 ± 0.4%, and 234.0 ± 1.5 sec, respectively). Maximum VAP, MOT, and DSM were obtained in each solution containing 0.6 M NaCl (143.8 ± 1.0 µm/sec, 91.3 ± 2.0%, and 230.6 ± 4.2 sec, respectively), 0.6 M KCl (135.1 ± 3.1 µm/sec, 91.1 ± 3.1%, and 230.3 ± 3.7sec, respectively), 0.2M CaCl2 (105.3 ± 4.7μm/sec, 47.9 ± 2.7%, and 120.7 ± 1.3 sec, respectively), 0.2 M MgCl2 (107.3 ± 3.0 m/s, 42.1 ± 3.3%, and 120.3 ± 4.8 sec, respectively), and osmolality of 400 mOsm/kg (145.1 ± 2.5 µm/sec, 93.0 ± 2.1%, and 346.5 ± 4.4s, respectively). We used these mediums as artificial insemination media for fertilizing matured eggs. The results showed that the fertilization and hatching rates in 0.6 M NaCl (75.3 ± 0.6% and 57.0 ± 2.4%, respectively), ASW (70.8 ± 1.2% and 51.2 ± 1.8%, respectively), or 400 mOsm/kg (72.9 ± 1.8% and 55.3 ± 1.6%, respectively) were higher than that in seawater (63.9 ± 1.2% and 39.2 ± 3.9%, respectively). In conclusion, using 0.6 M NaCl, ASW, or 400 mOsm/kg as an artificial insemination medium is effective for fertilizing of waigieu seaperch. 相似文献
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对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。 相似文献