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1.
利用解剖观察和石蜡组织切片法,对37个家系共计4022尾4月龄的大菱鲆幼鱼群体进行雌雄性别的鉴别和统计分析。发现其中雌性1596尾、雄性2426尾,雌雄性比为1:1.52,极显著偏离1:1的理论值(P<0.01)。在家系水平上,37个家系中有19个家系的雌雄性别比例显著偏离1:1 (P<0.05),其余18个家系雌雄性别比例偏离1:1,但不显著(P>0.05),但其中13个家系中雄性个体比例偏高。研究显示,在群体水平上,人工养殖条件下的4月龄大菱鲆已经出现雌雄性比偏离现象。从37个家系中随机选取20个家系(2254尾幼鱼)测量个体体重,利用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据分析。结果显示,4月龄大菱鲆雌雄个体体重无论在群体还是家系水平都表现为差异不显著。此分析结果表明,在大菱鲆选育过程中,在4月龄时进行的以体重为选育指标的选择不会对选育群体的性比偏离造成显著影响。本研究结果为大菱鲆性比偏离机制研究及良种选育工作提供了参考。 相似文献
2.
利用解剖观察和石蜡组织切片法,对37个家系共计4022尾4月龄的大菱鲆幼鱼群体进行雌雄性别的鉴别和统计分析。发现其中雌性1596尾、雄性2426尾,雌雄性比为1：1.52,极显著偏离1：1的理论值(P<0.01)。在家系水平上,37个家系中有19个家系的雌雄性别比例显著偏离1：1(P<0.05),其余18个家系雌雄性别比例偏离1：1,但不显著(P>0.05),但其中13个家系中雄性个体比例偏高。研究显示,在群体水平上,人工养殖条件下的4月龄大菱鲆已经出现雌雄性比偏离现象。从37个家系中随机选取20个家系(2254尾幼鱼)测量个体体重,利用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据分析。结果显示,4月龄大菱鲆雌雄个体体重无论在群体还是家系水平都表现为差异不显著。此分析结果表明,在大菱鲆选育过程中,在4月龄时进行的以体重为选育指标的选择不会对选育群体的性比偏离造成显著影响。本研究结果为大菱鲆性比偏离机制研究及良种选育工作提供了参考。 相似文献
3.
在鱼体重相对恒定时,用流水法测定了温度、昼夜节律对大菱鲆幼鱼耗氧率、氨氮排泄率的影响;在温度相对恒定时,用静水法测定了体重对大菱鲆幼鱼耗氧率、氨氮排泄率,窒息点的影响。结果表明:在实验温度范围内,体重2.0 g的幼鱼,耗氧率随水温升高而上升;10℃时,耗氧率最低,在26℃达到最高;在18℃以上,温度再升高,大菱鲆幼鱼将分配更多的能量用于呼吸代谢。体重2.0 g的大菱鲆幼鱼氨氮排泄率随水温的升高而上升;在10℃时氨氮排泄率最低,26℃达到最高;大菱鲆幼鱼的氨氮排泄比较稳定,但在较高温度水平时大菱鲆幼鱼蛋白质代谢的强度增加。 相似文献
4.
为探究在饲料中添加蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus) YB1对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长性能、肠道消化酶活力和肝脏抗氧化酶活力以及肠道组织结构的影响,本研究选取720尾初始体质量为(3.6±0.7) g的大菱鲆幼鱼,随机分为4组,每组3个平行,每个平行60尾。4组大菱鲆幼鱼在投喂的饲料中分别添加活菌量为0 (对照)、105、106和107 CFU/g的YB1,养殖期为50 d。结果显示,YB1添加量为107 CFU/g时,大菱鲆幼鱼的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。YB1添加量为106 CFU/g组的大菱鲆幼鱼肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力分别提高了57.86%和82.37%,显著高于对照组(P<0.05);YB1添加量提高到107 CFU/g时,脂肪酶的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。饲料中添加YB1对大菱鲆幼鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶活力无显著性影响(P>0.05);YB1添加量为106 CFU/g组的幼鱼肝脏丙二醛含量下降了42.03%,显著低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组大菱鲆幼鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活力相较于对照组有上升的趋势,差异不显著(P>0.05)。YB1添加量为106 CFU/g组的大菱鲆幼鱼肠道肌层厚度增加最为显著(P<0.05),与对照组相比在实验末期提高了68.91%。研究表明,饲料中添加适量蜡样芽胞杆菌YB1具有促进大菱鲆幼鱼生长、提高幼鱼肠道消化酶和肝脏抗氧化酶活力以及改善幼鱼肠道组织结构的作用,推荐添加量为106 CFU/g。 相似文献
5.
白化现象是大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)生产中存在的主要问题之一.2009年,采用大菱鲆育种标准化苗种培育方案培育大菱鲆子二代全同胞家系32个,选取其中白化较为严重的16个全同胞家系(包括6对半同胞家系组合)作为样本家系,抽样测定统计各家系85日龄(dph)幼鱼的形态指标,比较了各全同胞家系白化和正常鱼的形态特征,以及全同胞家系间生长的差异.大菱鲆幼鱼体色分为完全正常、局部白化和完全白化3个类型,白化率统计时将部分白化幼鱼归于白化幼鱼一类.16个全同胞家系的白化率处于17.2％～86.7％范围内,6对半同胞家系组合的白化率差别较大,姊妹家系间白化率差值0 ～ 46％,因此认为白化可能受到母系遗传或卵子质量的影响.多数家系的白化与正常幼鱼的全长、体长、总高、体高、全重差异不显著(P＞0.05).16个全同胞家系样本中,除2个家系外,其余家系的白化与体色正常鱼的可比性状差异不显著(p＞0.05).将各全同胞家系抽样的全部90尾鱼的全重平均值作为指标进行比较,发现全重的生长差异在全同胞家系间表现较为明显.因此,白化鱼与原色鱼的生长和身体形态整体上不存在显著差异.本研究还获得速生候选家系1个,高体型候选家系3个.根据研究结果分析大菱鲆白化现象发生的原因,认为虽然遗传不是大菱鲆白化与否的决定因素,但却是一个重要因素. 相似文献
6.
研究了饵料中添加植酸酶、非淀粉多糖酶及二者的组合酶对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、体成分以及饵料利用率的影响。在水温14．0～18．5℃将144尾初始平均体质量为（20．53±0．10） g的大菱鲆幼鱼随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复放养12尾鱼,分别饲喂基础饵料（对照组）和在每千克基础饵料中添加200 mg植酸酶、100 mg非淀粉多糖酶、200 mg植酸酶＋100 mg非淀粉多糖酶的组合酶（试验组）。计42 d。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,添加外源酶显著提高了大菱鲆幼鱼的特定生长率（ P＜0．05）,且添加组合酶的特定生长率最高,较对照组提高了16．30％;但摄食率、饵料系数、蛋白质效率和成活率均无显著影响（P＞0．05）。饵料中添加外源酶对大菱鲆幼鱼的鱼体水分、粗脂肪、灰分和能量无显著影响（P＞0．05）;但鱼体粗蛋白含量均有增加（P＞0．05）,且添加非淀粉多糖酶鱼体粗蛋白含量最高（P＜0．05）。与对照组比较,添加非淀粉多糖酶和组合酶显著提高大菱鲆幼鱼的干物质、粗蛋白、磷和能量的表观消化率（P＜0．05）;添加植酸酶显著提高粗蛋白表观消化率（P＜0．05）,干物质、磷和能量表观消化率较对照组高,但差异不显著（P＞0．05）。饵料中添加外源酶显著提高大菱鲆幼鱼氮、磷贮积率,显著降低氮排放率（P＜0．05）;添加组合酶显著降低磷排放率（P＜0．05）;饵料中分别添加植酸酶和非淀粉多糖酶未显著降低磷排放率（P＞0．05）,但有下降趋势。 相似文献
7.
本研究以初始体重为(15.46±0.06) g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼为实验对象,采用2×3双因素实验设计,研究饲料中壳寡糖(Chitosan oligosaccharide,COS)和低聚木糖(Xylo-oligosaccharide,XOS)对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、体组成和血液生化指标的影响。养殖实验在全封闭循环水养殖系统中进行,养殖周期为60 d。9组实验饲料粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别为53%和11%;每组饲料随机投喂3桶,每桶30尾鱼。结果显示,饲料中同时添加0.5%的壳寡糖、1.0%的低聚木糖对大菱鲆幼鱼的促生长作用最明显,相对增重率显著提高。饲料中壳寡糖和低聚木糖对大菱鲆幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数、蛋白质效率均有显著影响(P<0.05),但对大菱鲆体成分影响不显著(P>0.05);低聚木糖和壳寡糖对大菱鲆幼鱼特定生长率、增重率、全鱼粗脂肪和灰分、血清甘油三酯、溶菌酶以及碱性磷酸酶均存在显著交互作用(P<0.05)。研究表明,低聚木糖和壳寡糖配合使用可以显著提高大菱鲆幼鱼的生长效果,并且可在一定程度上增强其非特异性免疫能力,降低血脂含量。 相似文献
8.
《渔业科学进展》2015,(6)
本研究以初始体重为(15.46±0.06)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼为实验对象,采用2×3双因素实验设计,研究饲料中壳寡糖(Chitosan oligosaccharide,COS)和低聚木糖(Xylo-oligosaccharide,XOS)对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、体组成和血液生化指标的影响。养殖实验在全封闭循环水养殖系统中进行,养殖周期为60 d。9组实验饲料粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别为53%和11%;每组饲料随机投喂3桶,每桶30尾鱼。结果显示,饲料中同时添加0.5%的壳寡糖、1.0%的低聚木糖对大菱鲆幼鱼的促生长作用最明显,相对增重率显著提高。饲料中壳寡糖和低聚木糖对大菱鲆幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数、蛋白质效率均有显著影响(P0.05),但对大菱鲆体成分影响不显著(P0.05);低聚木糖和壳寡糖对大菱鲆幼鱼特定生长率、增重率、全鱼粗脂肪和灰分、血清甘油三酯、溶菌酶以及碱性磷酸酶均存在显著交互作用(P0.05)。研究表明,低聚木糖和壳寡糖配合使用可以显著提高大菱鲆幼鱼的生长效果,并且可在一定程度上增强其非特异性免疫能力,降低血脂含量。 相似文献
9.
长江湖口水域四大家鱼幼鱼的耳石与生长研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用微耳石日轮鉴定了2009年7-8月采自长江湖口水域的23尾青鱼幼鱼、111尾草鱼幼鱼、73尾鲢幼鱼和70尾鳙幼鱼的日龄,其平均日龄分别为52.4±5.6d、57.1±10.6d、49.8±4.7d和57.5±7.1d。回归分析表明,四大家鱼幼鱼微耳石短半径与日龄及鱼体大小均呈显著线性关系,日龄与体长、体重也均呈显著线性关系。依据日龄推算,青鱼、草鱼、鲢和鳙幼鱼的体长平均生长率分别为0.1651 cm/d、0.1426cm/d、0.0928 cm/d、0.0997 cm/d,体重平均生长率分别为0.9412 g/d、1.0211g/d、0.4978 g/d、0.7292 g/d。 相似文献
10.
11.
Bruno Menu Stefano Peruzzi Alain Vergnet Marie-Odile Vidal & Béatrice Chatain 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(1):41-44
The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and effective method of sexing juvenile sea bass with minimum labour and material. To this end, the gonad squash mount technique was applied along with macroscopic techniques for sexing a large number of experimental fish at the age of 215–275 days post fertilization (p.f.). At this age, 90% of the 3894 fish could be unambiguously sexed by macroscopic examination of their gonads, whereas the remaining proportion was identified using squash mount preparations (10%). The accuracy of the observations was measured up to classical histology procedures. Undifferentiated fish accounted for 0.1% of the total population only. The application of the squash mount technique holds out the prospect of considerable improvement in the efficiency and rapidity of current sexing techniques in sea bass. 相似文献
12.
Leif M. Sunde Albert K. Imsland Arild Folkvord Sigurd O. Stefansson 《Aquaculture International》1998,6(1):19-32
Juvenile turbot were size graded into three size groups (mean initial size): Small (3.4 g), medium (7.0 g) and large (10.5 g), and additional fish were held in ungraded (6.6 g) groups. Subgroups (n = 396) of fish were tagged and individual growth rates and social interactions within different size categories were studied in fish reared at 13 and 19 °C. Size grading of juvenile turbot did not improve growth. Specific growth rates (SGR) were mainly size-related, and no differences in SGR or mortality between the experimental groups at both tem-peratures were found. A higher level of social interactions was indicated amongst medium-sized fish than amongst those in the smallest and largest categories. Excess feeding may have been important factors in reducing aggression, so that the growth of the smallest individuals was not suppressed by the larger individuals in the present study. Grading seems to be an unnecessary operation to improve the growth and survival of juvenile turbot (5- 150 g). However, as it was mainly the smallest individuals in each group that died, grading of very small turbot (2-5 g) can be recommended. 相似文献
13.
点带石斑鱼幼鱼中间培育技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报道了点带石斑鱼幼鱼中间培育的实验结果。幼鱼中间培育的关键,是根据鱼苗的规格定期及时分苗。实验使用2批鱼苗,采用人工配合饲料喂养,经45d的培育,平均全长分别由27mm和28mm增至75.7mm和82.1mm。平均体重从0.22g和0.23g增加到7.5g和10.7g。平均日增长1.1mm和1.2mm,日增重0.16g和0.23g。成活率为94.3%和94.9%。 相似文献
14.
Konrad Ocalewicz Piotr Hliwa Konrad Pomianowski Rodrigo Lisboa Malgorzata Jankun 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(1):281-288
Although brook trout and the Arctic char hybrids are able to reproduce, individuals with decreased fertility or even fish that are unable to produce any gametes have been also described. Abnormal gonadal development and disturbances in the gamete production in the char hybrid offspring may be triggered by the odd chromosome number and disturbances in their pairing during meiosis. To verify this hypothesis, cytogenetic examination and the gonadal histology analysis of the brook trout x Arctic char hybrids were carried out. Diploid chromosome number in the studied char (F1) hybrids varied from 82 to 84 (FN = 99–102). Among 28 hybrids, 12 males, three females, nine intersex individuals and two sterile specimens were described. In the case of two individuals, gonads were not found. Diploid chromosome numbers in the males and intersex individuals varied from 82 to 84. Chromosome numbers in the females were 82 and 83 chromosomes. Two sterile fish exhibited karyotypes composed of 82 and 84 chromosomes. Predominance of the ovarian component in the intersex gonads and gonadal sex ratio distortion towards the males suggested hybrid females had problems with gonadal differentiation. However, the lack of the clear relationship between chromosome number and gonadal development in the studied hybrids did not support our hypothesis that odd chromosome number may be responsible for such reproductive disturbances in the hybrid individuals. We have presumed that sterility and intersexual development of the gonads may be caused by interactions between brook trout and Arctic char genes on the sex chromosomes and autosomes rather than unpairing of the parental chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
The effect of low pH on physiology,stress status and growth performance of turbot (Psetta maxima L.) cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems 
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下载免费PDF全文 Vasco C. Mota Jochem Hop Luís A. Sampaio Leon T. N. Heinsbroek Marc C. J. Verdegem Ep H. Eding Johan A. J. Verreth 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(10):3456-3467
We evaluated the effect of low pH and low and high total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations on the physiology, stress status and the growth performance of turbot in RAS. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, turbot (466 g) were grown at control (pH 7.5; TAN ~0.5 mg/L) or low pH and high TAN (pH 5.7; TAN ~50 mg/L) for 55 days. In Experiment 2, turbot (376 g) were grown at control (pH 7.5; TAN ~0.5 mg/L), low pH and low TAN (pH 5.7; TAN ~5 mg/L) or low pH and high TAN (pH 5.7; TAN ~50 mg/L) for 59 days. In Experiment 1, final body weight, feed intake and growth were significantly lower and FCR significantly higher in turbot exposed to low pH and high TAN. In Experiment 2, only growth was significantly lower in turbot exposed to treatment low pH and high TAN as compared to fish in the control treatment and low pH and low TAN. Osmoregulation and stress indicators measured were within normal levels. In conclusion, turbot grew equally well in a water pH of 7.5 or 5.7 provided a low TAN. In contrast, low pH combined with a high TAN impaired turbot performance. 相似文献
16.
This study was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein level for young (an initial weight of 89 g) turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L. Duplicate groups of the fish were fed the five isoenergetic diets containing the various protein levels ranging from 290 to 570 g kg?1 diet for 45 days. Survival was not affected by dietary protein level. Weight gain and feed efficiency were improved with dietary protein level up to 490 g kg?1 diet. Dietary protein requirement of young turbot using the broken‐line model was estimated to be 494 g kg?1 diet based on weight gain response. Protein efficiency ratio was not influenced by dietary protein level. The highest protein retention was obtained from the fish fed the 490 g protein kg?1 diet. Proximate composition of the fish was not significantly affected by dietary protein level. In considering these results, it was concluded that the 494 g protein kg?1 diet with 100 g lipid kg?1 diet (15 MJ kg?1 diet) provided optimal growth of young turbot under these experimental conditions. 相似文献
17.
Dietary nucleotides improve the growth performance,antioxidative capacity and intestinal morphology of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects and safety of nucleotides in low fish meal diets on the growth performance, antioxidative capacity and intestinal morphology of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). High fish meal control diet was formulated with 500 g kg?1 fish meal. Seven levels (0.075, 0.15, 0.225, 0.300, 1.5 and 3.0 g kg?1, respectively) of nucleotides were added to a low fish meal basal diet, which was formulated with 400 g kg?1 fish meal. The eight experimental diets were fed to groups of juvenile turbot (initial weight: 6.0 ± 0.03 g) for 60 days. Results showed that compared with high fish meal control diet, low fish meal basal diet treatment had lower total antioxidative capacity (T‐AOC), glutathione peroxidase activity, fold height of proximal and distal intestine, enterocyte height of all evaluated enteric section and microvillus height of mid‐intestine and distal intestine (P < 0.05). However, supplemented nucleotides in diets could significantly improve growth (specific growth rate, SGR), feed utilization, antioxidative capacity and intestinal morphology of turbot (P < 0.05). Broken‐line regression analysis of SGR and T‐AOC showed that the optimal supplemental levels of dietary nucleotide for juvenile turbot were 0.366 and 0.188 g kg?1, respectively. In summary, 0.300 g kg?1 of dietary nucleotides was helpful in improving growth, feed utilization, antioxidative capacity and intestinal morphology of turbot fed with low fish meal diet. Excessive dietary nucleotides (3.0 g kg?1) might cause oxidative stress and morphological damage in intestine and then reduce the growth of turbot. 相似文献
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于2017—2019年采用在池塘上方搭建简易保温大棚的方式开展了美洲鲥当年鱼种越冬养殖试验,研究探讨了越冬养殖相关的技术参数。结果显示:搭建保温大棚后,冬季池塘水温可保持在10℃以上,在美洲鲥当年鱼种(0+龄鱼种,平均体长12.45~16.65 cm,平均体质量27.29~66.41 g)放养密度为1518~2970尾/亩(15亩=1 hm^2,下同)和81.04~100.78 kg/亩的条件下,在越冬前中期(12月至次年3月中旬),日投饲量在0.8~1.6 kg/亩,越冬后期(次年3月中旬至4月上中旬),日投饲量也由2.0 kg/亩左右迅速增加到4.0~5.0 kg/亩。经过125~130 d的越冬养殖,鱼种平均体长达17.48~21.19 cm,增长28.04%~40.40%,平均体质量77.57~137.96 g/尾,增加了106.53%~184.24%,鱼种的体长和体质量特定生长率分别为(0.193~0.261)%/d和(0.585~0.804)%/d,日均增长量和日增重分别为0.036~0.039 cm/d和0.387~0.572 g/d;收获时美洲鲥鱼的肥满度为1.42~1.43 g/cm3,养殖成活率为89.29%~94.81%,饲料系数为1.50~1.65,亩产量为198.50~205.68 kg。试验结果表明,在江浙地区,养殖池塘上方搭建保温大棚后,冬季池塘水温(10~20℃)在美洲鲥当年鱼种的适宜水温范围,能获得较理想的越冬养殖效果。 相似文献