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利用DEAE-Sepharose FF离子交换和Sephacryl S-200 HR及Superdex 200 10/300 GL分子筛层析技术,从鳙鳃组织中分离纯化到一种岩藻糖专一的凝集素,命名为GANL.在还原SDS-PAGE电泳上显示单一蛋白染色带,其亚基相对分子质量为37 kD.经Superdex 200凝胶过滤层析测得其天然相对分子质量为220 kD.GANL的中性糖含量为13.4%.因此,GANL作为一种由相同亚基组成多亚基糖蛋白.GANL对兔红细胞有专一的凝集活性,其凝集活性不依赖Ca~(2+).在被测的单糖、双糖及糖蛋白中,仅岩藻糖能抑制其凝集活性.氨基酸分析表明GANL的Asp、Glu、Leu、Val、Lys的含量较高,Cys-S的含量为0.81%.GANL的最适pH为8～9;具有很高的热稳定性,最适温度为50 ℃. 相似文献
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采用组织匀浆、饱和硫酸铵分步沉淀和Sephadex G-100葡聚糖凝胶层析的方法提取和纯化施氏鲟卵黄蛋白,并对其性质进行了研究。结果表明:采用50%和70%饱和度的硫酸铵分步沉淀与Sephadex G-100凝胶层析相结合的方法,可以获得一种卵黄蛋白纯品。Native-PAGE和SDS-PAGE分析表明,该纯化蛋白纯度为100%,由一种同源亚基组成,其亚基的相对分子质量约为30 kD。油红O、免疫印迹(Western-blot)和罗丹明B染色均为阳性,表明该蛋白为施氏鲟卵中的一种脂磷蛋白。 相似文献
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皱纹盘鲍内脏酶的酶学性质及褐藻胶裂解酶的分离纯化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用(NH4)2SO4分段盐析、透析、阴离子(DEAE-52)交换柱层析、SephadexG-200凝胶柱层析等分离纯化技术，通过SDS-PAGE电泳分析了皱纹盘鲍内脏酶的组成，结果表明鲍内脏酶主要含有两种褐藻胶裂解酶Ⅰ, Ⅱ，一种纤维素酶，一种琼脂酶。对酶的酶学性质分析结果表明两种褐藻胶裂解酶Ⅰ, Ⅱ的最适pH分别为8.6, 7.2，最适温度为35 ℃，分子量分别为35.2 ku, 67 ku；两种褐藻胶裂解酶的热稳定性比较差，且易受金属离子影响；纤维素酶的最适pH为5.0，最适温度为40 ℃。并确定了皱纹盘鲍内脏酶分离纯化的方法及参数，为进一步研究鲍内脏复合酶的性能提供了基础参数。图14表3参12
关键词：皱纹盘鲍； 褐藻胶裂解酶； 纤维素酶； 纯化
E-mail：wqk320@dlfu.edu.cn 相似文献
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运用硫酸铵盐析和GlcNAc-Sepharose 6B亲合层析等方法从中华绒螯蟹的血清中分离出一种天然的凝集素,经SDS-PAGE测得其分子量约为82 kD,由单一亚基组成,由等电聚焦凝胶电泳测得其等电点(pI)为5.4.糖凝集抑制试验中检测到葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、乳糖、果糖和蔗糖对中华绒螯蟹血清凝集素均没有抑制作用,但N-乙酰氨基糖GIcNAc、GalNAc和ManNAc等能抑制其凝集活性.热变性试验结果表明,温度为10～50℃,凝集素仍保持强的凝集活性,但温度升至60℃后,凝集活性迅速下降,至80℃失去凝集活性,在pH 4.0～8.0的各缓冲液中保持较强的凝集活性,而在此pH范围外,凝集活性均有不同程度的下降.中华绒螯蟹血清凝集素可使外源红血细胞发生凝集,还具有凝集细菌或抗菌作用. 相似文献
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采用凝胶过滤层析法纯化了三疣梭子蟹成熟卵巢的卵黄磷蛋白(vitellin,Vn),采用变性凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)确定了Vn亚基数量和分子量,以纯化的Vn为抗原,制备了三疣梭子蟹Vn多克隆抗血清,纯化后得到Vn抗体,在此基础上比较和优化了三疣梭子蟹Vn测定的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)参数,建立了稳定的三疣梭子蟹Vn含量测定的ELISA方法。结果表明:(1) SDS-PAGE 显示三疣梭子蟹成熟卵巢中的Vn含有分子量为100、75和66 ku的3个亚基,Western-blotting检测表明,这3个亚基均具有较强的免疫特异性;(2) 样品直接包被法比双抗体夹心法具有更高的线性相关性,Vn抗体最佳稀释倍数为1∶90 000,最佳包被时间为8 h,一抗和二抗反应时间分别为2 h和1 h,显色时间为20 min;(3) 该方法定性检测的灵敏度为14.9 ng/mL左右,标准曲线方程为y=0.000 9x+0.399 1(R2=0.986 1),其中x和y分别代表Vn浓度和OD450值,工作范围为200～900 ng/mL;(4) 应用该方法测定三疣梭子蟹卵巢中Vn含量,结果表明,批次内和批次间平均变异系数分别为3.59%和3.10%,重复性良好。 相似文献
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首先采用饱和硫酸氨分步沉淀和Sephadex G-200凝胶层析的方法,获得了非免疫状态下中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis Gray)和达氏鳇(Huso dauricus Georgi)的血清免疫球蛋白(Ig),在此基础上使用木瓜蛋白酶水解对所获得的免疫球蛋白片段进行了酶解,并采用SDS-PAGE和Western-blot等方法分析了所获得的水解片段。结果显示,2种鲟鱼的免疫球蛋白均可被木瓜蛋白酶水解蛋白,通过Sephadex G-100凝胶层析后均可得到两个完全分离的、均一的蛋白峰。SDS-PAGE检测两个水解片段的相对分子量分别为44KD和66KD,West-ern-blot检测结果显示,66KD的片段可以在硝酸纤维素杂交膜上被各自的兔抗鲟IgM多克隆抗体所识别,而44KD片段的检测结果为阴性。这表明,2种鲟科鱼类的木瓜蛋白酶水解特性相同,提示鲟科鱼类的免疫球蛋白在免疫学及生化方面具有较大的相似性。 相似文献
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从草鱼肠道分离出1株枯草芽孢杆菌,有较强的活性.该菌产生的纤维素酶粗酶液,经盐析、透析,并通过葡聚糖凝胶层析柱Sephadex G-75分离纯化,经SDS-PAGE后表明第2峰已纯化,得到一种相对分子质量约为62.43 kD纤维素酶.分离纯化后该酶的比活力提高了2.924倍,回收率为6.38%.酶学试验研究表明:该酶的最适反应温度为55℃,最适pH值为7.0;Lineweaver-Burk法求得动力学参数,Km和Bmax分别为1.02×10-3g/mL、2.727×10-2mg/(mL·min). 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾血清中直接与病原菌相结合的主要蛋白的鉴定 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,将其血清分别与溶藻酸弧菌,哈维氏弧菌,嗜水气单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等4种病原菌孵育,采用亲和蛋白质组学和Western-blotting等分子生物学方法纯化、鉴定和确证其中可与病原菌直接结合的蛋白.结果发现,与对照组相比4种病原菌与虾血清孵育5 h后均可与对虾血清中分子质量约为75 000 (p75) 的蛋白相结合,而孵育15 h后既可与p75相结合,还可与分子质量约为77 000 (p77) 的蛋白以及0～4种不同分子质量的蛋白相结合.经MALDI-TOF/MS分析和Mascot搜索引擎检索,p75和p77蛋白分别与凡纳滨对虾中分子质量约为75 000、77 000的2个血蓝蛋白亚基具有显著一致性.尤其是p75蛋白还可与兔抗血蓝蛋白75 000亚基抗体发生特异性结合.由此推断,凡纳滨对虾血清中与病原菌直接结合的主要蛋白为血蓝蛋白,提示血蓝蛋白全蛋白可能具有抗菌活性. 相似文献
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利用显微镜观察了河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)胚胎的发育过程,并采用生物化学方法测定、分析了河川沙塘鳢胚胎发育过程中可溶性蛋白的组成及含量。结果显示,可溶性蛋白组成及含量变化与其胚胎发育的过程密切相关。在受精卵期,可溶性蛋白主要是相对分子质量为116 000、100 500的卵黄蛋白。随着胚胎发育的进行,可溶性蛋白的组成由高分子的蛋白向低分子的蛋白转化,其相对分子质量为97 250、86 000、68 000、38 000、26 000等。在胚胎发育后期,高分子的蛋白进一步减少,而低分子的蛋白进一步增加。可溶性蛋白的含量随着胚胎的发育总体呈下降的趋势。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
13.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献
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Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response. 相似文献
20.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献