共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
通过室内控制试验探究醉马草种子萌发及幼苗生长对不同埋藏深度的响应,结果表明:醉马草出苗速率随着埋藏深度增加呈先增后降趋势,1cm和2cm埋藏深度时出苗速率最大,同时发芽势(86.67%、72.22%)和萌发指数(1.83、1.66)均显著高于其他埋藏深度(P<0.05);醉马草种子在0~8cm埋藏深度范围内萌发率均在66.67%以上,但是出苗率在1cm和2cm埋藏深度时最高,分别为90%和88.78%,当埋藏深度≥4cm时会抑制出苗,埋藏深度9cm时不再萌发;随着埋藏深度的增加,醉马草茎长、幼根长和幼苗总长都呈先增加后下降的趋势,总茎长在4cm埋藏深度时最长(116.71cm),幼苗总长在2cm埋藏深度时最长(192.23mm),幼根长度在1cm埋藏深度时最长(97.37mm),而根茎比则随着埋藏深度的增加逐渐降低。总之,醉马草种子萌发出苗最适埋藏深度为1~2cm,当埋藏深度为9cm时种子不再萌发。 相似文献
2.
驼绒藜属牧草种子水分生理及幼苗耐早性研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
对驼绒藜属7份材料的种子及幼苗进行水分生理和耐旱性研究。结果表明，种子萌发时的吸水能力很强，需水量高，达到种子重量的4～7倍；种子吸水能力在种间和生态型间存在差异；种子萌发时的吸水量与其原产地的降水量呈负相关，而与种子苞片的重量呈正相关，其中生长在恶劣生境条件下的材料，苞片毛较重而密，种子吸水量较高；种子萌发吸胀吸水期的吸水速率与其活力呈负相关。供试材料的耐旱性很强，但是幼苗的耐旱性很差，主要表现在种子萌发时的需水量较高，幼苗生物量低，与其属于低营养短寿命类型的遗传特性有关；幼苗生长的最低需水量与种子的活力呈正相关，而与成熟植株的耐旱性无关。驼绒藜属牧草种子萌发和幼苗生长的水分条件是制约目前生产开基的技术关键。 相似文献
3.
不同播深下硬秆仲彬草种子萌发及幼苗生长 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
模拟硬秆仲彬草(Kengyili rigidula)种子自然埋藏深度状况,设计0、1、2、3、4和5 cm共6个播深,研究了其出苗率及幼苗生长对播深的响应。结果表明,不同的播深对硬秆仲彬草的种子萌发率、幼苗出苗率和种子休眠率有显著影响。硬秆仲彬草种子出苗率随播深的增加呈下降趋势,播深为1 cm时出苗率最高为78.4%,播深为2和3 cm时分别为63.2%和63.6%,播深为0时最低,为13.6%,与前三者有显著差异。硬秆仲彬草种子最适宜的播深为1~3 cm,0及4 cm以上播深不利于其出苗和幼苗生长 相似文献
4.
植生工程是边坡治理的重要技术措施，为探讨废弃菌渣在植生工程中的应用，本研究选择食用菌栽培的废弃菌渣作为植生基材的有机质材料，聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为保水剂，将其与土壤、水泥、肥料、宽叶雀稗(Paspalum wettsteinii)种子按不同配比混拌后形成不同植生基质，研究不同基质配比对宽叶雀稗萌发生长的影响。结果表明：不同植生基材配比对宽叶雀稗种子发芽和幼苗生长均有影响，随着土壤比例的减小和菌渣比例的增大，宽叶雀稗种子发芽速率加快，促进萌发和幼苗生长，土壤:菌渣比为0:4时种子萌发和幼苗生长最佳，显著优于其他配比。PAM添加量对宽叶雀稗种子的萌发和幼苗生长影响与土壤:菌渣配比有关，当土壤:菌渣比为0:4时，PAM添加量2.0%加速发芽过程，PAM添加量对宽叶雀稗种子的萌发和幼苗生长影响与土壤:菌渣配比有关，当PAM添加量为1.0%时，宽叶雀稗种子萌发和幼苗生长差异较小，但PAM添加量2.0%时，对萌发和生长有一定的抑制作用。土壤:菌渣配比和PAM对萌发幼苗的生理指标存在较大影响，不同指标变化特征不同，但均存在较大影响。因此，植生工程中菌渣含量高、PAM添加量0.5%～1.0%对宽叶雀... 相似文献
5.
本研究探讨了白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)种子萌发、幼苗生长以及生理特性在不同贮藏年限下的变化情况，以期为白三叶种质资源保存和田间生产提供参考。试验以贮藏0～5a的白三叶种子为材料，研究其萌发特性、幼苗生长情况、相对电导率、抗氧化酶及呼吸关键酶活性的变化。结果表明：白三叶种子的萌发指标和幼苗生长指标整体上随贮藏年限的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势，均在贮藏1a时达到最大值；随贮藏年限的增加，种子相对电导率逐渐上升，抗氧化酶和呼吸关键酶活性逐渐下降。采用隶属函数法进行综合分析可知，贮藏0,1a的种子其种用价值较高。本研究结果将为白三叶种质资源的保护及实际生产应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
6.
果园生草是一种新型土壤管理模式,草地成功建植是该模式建立的基础。苹果园土壤的特异性可能影响草类种子萌发及幼苗生长,从而影响草地建植。本研究分析了陇东苹果园不同土层的土壤浸提液对黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,结果表明,苹果园土壤浸提液提高了黑麦草种子萌发数,但减小了紫花苜蓿种子萌发数,但对二者种子萌发率没有影响;与无落叶相比,落叶残留时土壤浸提液加快了种子萌发,并有提高种子萌发率的趋势。土壤浸提液抑制了黑麦草和紫花苜蓿幼苗胚根的生长,减少了幼苗单株鲜重;但有落叶残留时的土壤浸提液相对于无落叶的土壤浸提液处理减小了对黑麦草和紫花苜蓿幼苗胚根生长的抑制作用。因此,苹果园土壤可通过抑制草类植物幼苗生长而非种子萌发来影响草地建植;从幼苗生长受抑制程度来看,苹果园生草选择黑麦草等禾本科牧草更适合。 相似文献
7.
驼绒藜属牧草种子水分生理及幼苗耐旱性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对驼绒藜属7份材料的种子及幼苗进行水分生理和耐旱性研究。结果表明,种子萌发时的吸水能力很强,需水量高,达到种子重量的4～7倍;种子吸水能力在种间和生态型间存在差异;种子萌发时的吸水量与其原产地的降水量呈负相关,而与种子苞片的重量呈正相关,其中生长在恶劣生境条件下的材料,苞片毛较重而密,种子吸水量较高;种子萌发吸胀吸水期的吸水速率与其活力呈负相关。供试材料的耐旱性很强,但是幼苗的耐旱性很差,主要表现在种子萌发时的需水量较高,幼苗生物量低,与其属于低营养短寿命类型的遗传特性有关;幼苗生长的最低需水量与种子的活力呈正相关,而与成熟植株的耐旱性无关。驼绒藜属牧草种子萌发和幼苗生长的水分条件是制约目前生产开基的技术关键。 相似文献
8.
本研究以分布于青藏高原高寒草甸的17种植物种子为研究对象,研究种子大小和野外原位埋藏处理对种子萌发率和死亡率的影响,并探讨高寒生态系统植物种群的生态适应策略及其更新机制。研究结果表明：埋藏处理降低了冷地早熟禾（Poa crymophila）、短腺小米草（Euphrasia regelii）、甘肃马先蒿（Pedicularis kansuensis）、圆萼刺参（Morina chinensis）和钉柱委陵菜（Potentilla saundersiana）的种子萌发率,而增加了麻花艽（Gentiana straminea）和异针茅（Stipa aliena）的种子萌发率,显示了原位埋藏处理可以促进或打破某些物种的种子休眠;埋藏处理整体上降低了种子死亡率,尤其是麻花艽和细叶亚菊（Ajania tenuifolia）,这表明埋藏处理有利于种子的存活,从而促进土壤种子库的形成;植物种子的萌发率和死亡率与种子大小无显著相关关系。综上所述,原位埋藏可以改变植物种子的休眠程度并减小种子的死亡率,是促进土壤种子库形成的潜在机制。 相似文献
9.
为了探究君丝特土壤微生物菌种和碧护、戊唑醇拌种剂拌种对饲草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响，本研究在室内熟化土壤上撒播不同比例君丝特土壤微生物菌种和用碧护、戊唑醇拌种剂拌种的燕麦、箭筈豌豆，测定种子发芽势、发芽率和幼苗胚芽长、胚根长、地上部干重。结果表明，使用君丝特微生物菌种和碧护、戊唑醇拌种剂拌种对饲草种子萌发和幼苗生长有显著影响，适量使用能够有效提升燕麦、箭筈豌豆种子萌发及幼苗生长。当燕麦、箭筈豌豆、碧护、戊唑醇拌种剂比例为1 600∶960∶1∶1时，燕麦、箭筈豌豆种子地上部分的生物产量最高。 相似文献
10.
以长江2号多花黑麦草种子为材料,设置5个NaCl浓度梯度(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%,0.5%),通过测定发芽率、发芽势、幼苗生长速度及幼苗的SOD活性、MDA含量,分析盐胁迫对长江2号多花黑麦草种子发育及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:种子的发芽率和发芽势,幼苗的株高和生长速度均受NaCl浓度影响。浓度大于0.1%时显著降低了种子发芽势,盐浓度大于0.2%时显著降低了种子发芽率。含盐量≤0.3%时显著降低了幼苗的相对生长速率。盐胁迫对幼苗鲜重和干重有显著影响,对幼苗含水量影响较小。0.1%NaCl处理下幼苗叶中SOD活性和CK差异显著(P0.05),NaCl浓度大于0.2%时,叶中SOD活性和MDA含量逐步上升,0.5%NaCl胁迫下幼苗全部死亡。长江2号多花黑麦草的耐盐性较差,适宜在含盐量小于0.1%的土壤上种植和推广。 相似文献
11.
12.
Seed handling by primary frugivores differentially influence post‐dispersal seed removal of Chinese yew by ground‐dwelling animals 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Seed handling by primary frugivores can influence secondary dispersal and/or predation of post‐dispersal seeds by attracting different guilds of ground‐dwelling animals. Many studies have focused on seeds embedded in feces of mammals or birds; however, less is known about how ground‐dwelling animals treat seeds regurgitated by birds (without pulp and not embedded in feces). To compare the effect of differential seed handling by primary dispersers on secondary seed removal of Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis var. mairei), we conducted a series of exclosure experiments to determine the relative impact of animals on the removal of defecated seeds (handled by masked palm civet), regurgitated seeds (handled by birds) and intact fruits. All types of yew seeds were consistently removed at a higher rate by rodents than by ants. Regurgitated seeds had the highest removal percentage and were only removed by rodents. These seeds were probably eaten in situ without being secondarily dispersed. Defecated seeds were removed by both rodents and ants; only ants might act as secondary dispersers of defecated seeds, whereas rodents ate most of them. We inferred that seeds regurgitated by birds were subjected to the highest rates of predation, whereas those dispersed in the feces of masked palm civets probably had a higher likelihood of secondary dispersal. Seeds from feces attracted ants, which were likely to transport seeds and potentially provided a means by which the seeds could escape predation by rodents. Our study highlighted that primary dispersal by birds might not always facilitate secondary dispersal and establishment of plant populations. 相似文献
13.
Di ZENG Tinghao JIN Yuhao ZHAO Chuan YAN Zhibin ZHANG Ping DING 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(1):109-119
Density-dependent non-monotonic species interactions are important in maintaining ecosystem stability and function, but empirical evidences are still rare. Rodents, as both seed dispersers and seed predators, have dual effects on plant regeneration and may result in non-monotonic rodent-plant interactions. According to the non-monotonic models, the relative positive or negative effects of rodents on seedling establishment can be measured based on the positive or negative association of seedling recruitment rate and rodent abundance. In this study, we investigated the fates of acorns of Quercus serrata by tracking tagged seeds on 21 fragmented subtropical islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We found that the proportion of germinated seeds of all released seeds showed a dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed. The proportion of removed seeds and cached seeds showed a saturated- and a weak dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed, respectively. Our results demonstrated a clear empirical evidence that rodent abundance per seed triggered a switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system. Our study implied that the observed non-monotonic interactions between plants and animals may play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. We appeal for more investigations of the complex non-monotonic interactions in various ecosystems. 相似文献
14.
Y. F. Huang X. L. Gao Z. B. Nan Z. X. Zhang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(5):807-823
The objective of this review was to systematically evaluate common vetch seeds as a potential feedstuff for animals, by summarizing and discussing the available published literature covering their nutritional composition as well as their content of antinutritional factors and potential techniques for their reduction. In addition, animal feeding studies that have investigated the effect of inclusion of common vetch seeds on animal growth and performance were identified and evaluated to stimulate interest in their use as a good source of nutrients for inclusion in animal diets. The collective literature shows that common vetch seeds are a less costly (in comparison with alternatives) and rich source of protein and minerals for farmed animals, are of high digestibility and have a high energy content, and can be used to partially or totally replace soya bean meal and/or to replace a large proportion of cereals in the diet. Furthermore, the literature shows that common vetch seeds contain a range of antinutritional factors which, if they are to be utilized in non‐ruminant diets and to increase their utilizing efficiency, need to be removed or inactivated. This can be achieved via certain pre‐processing methods, the combination of which may deliver better results. 相似文献
15.
在Janzen提出“双F假说”之后,草食动物对植物种子的消化道传播就被广泛接受并做了大量的研究工作。草食动物对种子的消化道传播受到诸多因素的影响,这些影响因素概括起来包括4个方面,植物种子自身的结构特点(诸如种子大小形状、种子种皮结构、种子的休眠特征等),动物消化道特征,日粮结构,粪便物理状态。由于这些因素主要包括的植物种子和动物两方面,因此就派生出草食动物植物种子之间是否存在协同进化这一问题。笔者从草食动物消化道传播的理论基础、影响种子消化道传播的主要因素以及草食动物和植物之间在种子消化道传播中是否存在协同进化进行了系统综述,对近年来相关研究进行了总结,提出了在今后有关植物种子消化道传播研究中需要关注的热点。 相似文献
16.
《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2014,67(4):423-428
The pods of many woody plants form an important part of the diet of livestock during the dry season due to their high nutritive value. However, the dispersal of seeds that remain intact and can potentially germinate after excretion is of particular concern when animals consume seeds of encroaching or invasive woody plants. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of animal species in two experiments (experiment 1: goats, sheep; experiment 2: goats, cattle), diet quality (Medicago sativa hay, Digitaria eriantha hay) and seed characteristics (size, hardness) on the effectiveness of animal seed dispersal and germination of Dichrostachys cinerea and Acacia nilotica seeds. Owing to a limitation on the availability of seeds, the two experiments were done separately at different times. Each animal in both experiments received 1 000 A. nilotica seeds and 1 000 D. cinerea seeds mixed with either a low-quality diet (D. eriantha hay) or a high-quality diet (M. sativa hay). In experiment 1, we found a significant interaction effect of animal species (goats, sheep), diet (high-quality hay, low-quality hay), and seed species (A. nilotica seeds, D. cinerea seeds) on germination (P < 0.0001). There was also a higher seed recovery (P < 0.009) when animals were offered high-quality hay (47.4% ± 4.65) compared to low-quality hay (30.2% ± 3.24). In experiment 2, animal species affected seed recovery (P < 0.0325; goats 32.0% ± 6.44; cattle 50.3% ± 4.27) and germination percentage (P < 0.055; goats 14.1% ± 1.48; cattle 9.3% ± 0.94). The diet quality fed to the animals may affect dispersal and germination. However, animal species and seed characteristics also had important effects on germination of D. cinerea and A. nilotica seeds. Thus, all three of these factors play a major role in dissemination of viable seeds. 相似文献
17.
Stephen B. VANDER WALL Lindsay A. DIMITRI William S. LONGLAND Joseph D. M. WHITE 《Integrative zoology》2019,14(1):75-86
Some rodents gather and store seeds. How many seeds they gather and how they treat those seeds is largely determined by seed traits such as mass, nutrient content, hardness of the seed coat, presence of secondary compounds, and germination schedule. Through their consumption and dispersal of seeds, rodents act as agents of natural selection on seed traits, and those traits influence how rodents forage. Many seeds that are scatter‐hoarded by rodents are pilfered, or stolen, by other rodents, and seed traits also likely influence pilfering rates and seed fates of pilfered seeds. To clarify coevolutionary relationships between rodents and the plants that they disperse, one needs to understand the role of seed traits in rodent foraging decisions. We compared how the seeds of 4 species of plants that are dispersed by scatter‐hoarding animals and that differ in value (singleleaf piñon pine, Pinus monophylla; desert peach, Prunus andersonii; antelope bitterbrush, Purshia tridentata; Utah juniper, Juniperus osteosperma) were pilfered and recached by rodents. One hundred artificial caches of the 4 seed species (25 per species) were prepared, and removal by rodents was monitored. Rodents pilfered high‐value seeds more rapidly than the other seeds. Desert peach seeds, which contain toxic secondary compounds, were more frequently recached. Relatively low value seeds like Utah juniper and antelope bitterbrush were pilfered more slowly and were sometimes left at cache sites, and seeds of the latter species were transported shorter distances to new cache sites. The background density of seeds also appeared to influence the relative value of seeds. 相似文献
18.
19.
The effect of Lupinus albus seeds on digestibility,performance and gastrointestinal tract indices in pigs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M. Kasprowicz‐Potocka A. Zaworska S. Kaczmarek M. Hejdysz R. Mikuła A. Rutkowski 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(5):e216-e224
The effect of soya bean meal (SBM) substitution in the diet with white lupine (WL) seeds on performances and some parameters of the digestive tract of pigs were studied. The digestibility experiment was performed on 30 pigs using difference method combined with marker method, where one group was offered basal diet and in diet of experimental groups 25% of the basal diet was substituted with SBM or WL meal. The growth experiment was conducted on 48 pigs of approximately 20 kg body weight. The animals from the control group were fed with diet containing SBM, whereas in the experimental groups 50% or 100% of SBM was substituted with WL seeds. At the end of the experiment, eight pigs from each group were euthanized, and digesta and tissues were sampled. The apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein and dry matter was higher (p < 0.05), but crude fibre and ether extract were lower (p < 0.05) in the WL seeds than in SBM. Substituting 50% of SBM in the control diet with WL seeds did not affect significantly pig performance. Total substitution of SBM with WL seeds impacted negatively pigs growth and feed intake (p < 0.05), but it did not affect the length of villi and crypt depth. It also significantly increased ileum digesta viscosity and ammonia concentration in the ileum and caecum digesta. In the ileal digesta of animals offered WL seeds, an increased (p < 0.05) total bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae numbers were found, whereas reduced number of yeast and mould was found in the caecal digesta. The substitution of 50% SBM with WL seeds in the growing pig diet did not affect pigs' results, but the total substitution significantly decreased the performance of pigs and affected intestinal ecology. 相似文献
20.
Apichai MEKBUNGWAN 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(4):342-350
Raw legume seeds are important source of protein and other nutrients for monogastric animals. However, these legume seeds include many kinds of anti‐nutritive factors (ANF) such as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors, lectins and tannins. Although these ANF vary by species, cultivation areas and harvesting methods, they play a role in decreasing the utilization of nutrients. The pig is a monogastric animal which is slightly tolerant to the ANF in raw legume seed. Nevertheless, the optimal use of legume seed as a pig feed necessitates a lowering of the toxicity in the raw seed until it is appropriate for incorporation in the feed. There are many methods to improve the utilization of nutrients in legume seed, such as breeding improvement, physical treatments (decortications, dehulling, milling and others), heat treatments (toasting, boiling, extrusion, streaming or autoclave), chelating substances for binding toxics, radiation and soaking. The choice of the treatment depends on the availability of facilities and economic considerations. This article reviews and discusses the nutrients in legume seeds and might offer an important information on legume seeds for pig feed to nutritionists. 相似文献