共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
香蕉枯萎病及其防治研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
香蕉枯萎病(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)是破坏香蕉维管束导致植株死亡的毁灭性病害。其病菌腐生能力很强,在土壤中可长期存活。香蕉枯萎病是典型的土传病害,侵染来源主要是带菌的吸芽、病株残体及带菌土壤。病菌从寄主根部伤口侵入寄主,通过寄主维管束向假茎上部及叶部蔓延。目前还没有一种理想的防治香蕉枯萎病的化学药剂,与水稻轮作是控制病害的最有效途径。半个世纪前,香蕉枯萎病菌1号小种几乎摧毁了世界的香蕉产业,现在则由于4号小种的蔓延,香蕉产业又面临新的威胁。对香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种实施检疫控制是防止枯萎病扩散的关键。… 相似文献
2.
香蕉枯萎病及其防治研究进展 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
香蕉枯萎病（Fusarium oxysporum f．sp．cubense）是破坏香蕉维管束导致植株死亡的毁灭性病害。其病菌腐生能力很强，在土壤中可长期存活。香蕉枯萎病是典型的土传病害，侵染来源主要是带菌的吸芽、病株残体及带菌土壤。病菌从寄主根部伤口侵入寄主，通过寄主维管束向假茎上部及叶部蔓延。目前还没有一种理想的防治香蕉枯萎病的化学药剂，与水稻轮作是控制病害的最有效途径。半个世纪前，香蕉枯萎病菌1号小种几乎摧毁了世界的香蕉产业，现在则由于4号小种的蔓延，香蕉产业又面临新的挑战。对香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种实施检疫控制是防止枯萎病扩散的关键。 相似文献
3.
甘蓝枯萎病菌生理小种传统鉴定方法费时费力,不能满足生产的要求,因此需要建立一种快速、可靠的分子检测技术。本研究在甘蓝枯萎病菌1号和2号生理小种基因组测序的基础上,通过比较基因组学方法筛选1、2号生理小种各自的特异基因片段并设计引物,并分别以10个甘蓝枯萎病菌1号生理小种菌株、2个2号生理小种菌株、7个尖孢镰刀菌其他专化型菌株及4个外围菌株DNA为模板进行常规PCR扩增,筛选出甘蓝枯萎病菌1号和2号生理小种特异性引物,同时引入尖孢镰刀菌通用引物W106R/W106S,建立起一步三重PCR检测甘蓝枯萎病菌1、2号生理小种的分子检测技术。结果表明,该分子检测技术实现了在一次PCR反应中快速、准确地同步检测出甘蓝枯萎病菌DNA、罹病甘蓝组织和土壤中的甘蓝枯萎病菌1号和2号生理小种,对检测甘蓝植株是否感染枯萎菌及甘蓝种植区土壤是否受到枯萎菌的污染有实用价值。 相似文献
4.
棉花黄萎病种子内部带菌的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1964—1966三年共分离采自严重黄萎病株下部的尚未开裂成铃种子11505粒,平均内部带菌率<0.026%。系统分离棉铃各部位,其带菌率的趋势为:铃柄>铃托>胎座。从已吐絮的成熟铃内种子内部带菌分析结果看:1964年共分离外部带菌率约为5%的种子1557粒,全部未长微菌核。1966年分离病铃内成熟种子4049粒,只有一粒在种壳上长出了微菌核,带菌率为0.025%。用浓胞子液在田间灌注接种初裂铃,依受病程度不同,种子内部带菌率为0.93—2.4%。青铃注射接种的内部带菌率为10.40—70.40%。新吐絮铃喷洒接种,虽保湿1—2天,种子内部未分离到病菌。说明在菌量大,营养及温、湿度条件非常适宜时,病菌也可自种壳侵入内部,使有相当高的带菌率。通过三年的试验,作者肯定在自然情况下黄萎病菌主要附着在棉籽短绒上。内部带菌率极低。在轻病或无病棉株上选收正常吐絮铃内种子,内部基本不带菌。 相似文献
5.
6.
棉花枯、黄萎病是棉花生产中最重要的病害,主要依靠土壤和种子调运进行远距离传播。近年来,由阿拉山口口岸进口棉短绒量不断增加,2008年口岸进口棉短绒货量为3.8153947万t,大部分棉短绒都含有大量的棉籽,可能携带棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schl.f.sp.vasinfectum(Atk.)Snyder&Hansen)和棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliaeK leb)。为保护新疆及我国棉花产业安全,防止棉花枯、黄萎病菌随进口棉短绒中棉籽传入,对进口棉短绒中棉籽是否携带棉花枯黄萎病菌进行了检验。结果,只在进口棉短绒中棉籽上检测到棉花枯萎病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schl.f.sp.vasinfectum(Atk.)Snyder & Hansen),未检出棉花黄萎病菌。 相似文献
7.
香蕉枯萎病菌致病力分化与ISSR遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
香蕉枯萎病是一种破坏香蕉维管束的全株性土传病害。本研究旨在探讨香蕉枯萎病菌致病力分化和遗传多样性。以30株采自我国广西的香蕉枯萎病菌,16株分别来自澳大利亚和我国广东、海南、福建、云南等地的香蕉枯萎病菌为对象,采用伤根灌淋法测定香蕉枯萎病菌的致病力,然后用筛选到的ISSR引物对46个香蕉枯萎病菌菌株和4个对照菌株(3个非致病性尖孢镰刀菌和1个茄腐镰刀菌)进行ISSR遗传多样性分析。结果显示,分离到广西香蕉枯萎病菌1号生理小种(FOC1)8株,致病力强、中、弱类型比例分别为62.5%、12.5%和25%;广西香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种(FOC4)22株,致病力强、中、弱类型比例分别为18.18%、63.64%和18.18%。14条ISSR引物扩增出237个条带,多态性条带161个,多态性比例为67.93%,遗传相似系数0.76～0.96。聚类分析显示,以遗传距离0.80为阈值时菌株被分为8个类群,所占比例分别为4%、10%、60%、16%、4%、2%、2%、2%。第三类群全部为香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种。第一、二、四和五类群总量的70.59%为香蕉枯萎病菌1号生理小种。第八类群为香蕉枯萎病菌3号生理小种。结果表明,在香蕉枯萎病菌与寄主协同进化中,广西的FOC1和FOC4出现明显致病力分化。1号生理小种的遗传多样性比4号生理小种丰富。广西香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种与海南、广东的FOC4遗传相似性较高。香蕉枯萎病菌生理小种类型与遗传多样性相关。致病力变异与遗传多样性无相关性。研究结果对香蕉枯萎病菌种群扩张机制探讨、遗传动态分析以及有效防控措施的制定具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
8.
通过大孔吸附树脂、葡聚糖凝胶、薄层制备硅胶板（TLC）及制备高效液相色谱（HPLC）从哈茨木霉菌Trichoderma harzianum发酵液中分离、纯化出 4 种由 20 个氨基酸组成的线性peptaibols 抗菌肽FD1、FD2、FD3、FD4.经ESI-IT-MS串联质谱鉴定,其分别为抗菌肽Alamethicin F-50、Atroviridin B、Alamethicin II和Atroviridin C.菌丝生长及孢子萌发实验表明其对水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani AG4、黄瓜立枯病菌R. solani、黄瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum、西瓜枯萎病菌F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum、水稻稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae具有较好的抑制作用,同时发现木霉素Trichodermin与peptaibols抗菌肽Alamethicin F-50联合作用时对菌丝生长具有协同抑制作用. 相似文献
9.
<正>草莓根腐病的病原菌是一种低温性疫霉菌,病菌主要以卵孢子在地表病残体或土壤中越夏,由病株、土壤、水和农具带菌传播。地温在20℃以下时,卵孢子发芽侵入根部,以地温在10℃左右最适其发病,当地温升到25℃时,病菌活力受 相似文献
10.
儿茶素在棉苗对枯萎病抗性中的作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了枯萎病菌接种后棉苗组织内儿茶素含量的变化以及儿茶素对枯萎病菌及其多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性的影响。健康棉苗组织中儿茶素含量随着棉苗的生长而增加。枯萎病菌接种后,病苗组织中儿茶素含量显著高于健康对照,而且抗病品种棉苗儿茶素含量的增加明显高于感病品种。经氟乐灵预处理的棉苗接种枯萎病菌后,儿茶素含量增加更快,增幅更大。说明儿茶素是品种抗性和氟乐灵诱发棉苗对枯萎病诱导抗性的机理之一。儿茶素可抑制枯萎病菌的菌丝生长、产孢及孢子萌发,对培养液中病菌的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)有抑制作用。儿茶素化学制品及棉苗组织提取液经TLC分离后获得的含儿茶素组分提取液对初步纯化的PG活性有明显的抑制作用。这些结果表明:儿茶素可能通过抑制病菌的菌丝生长、产孢以及其PG活性而在棉花对枯萎病的抗病性中起到作用。 相似文献
11.
Celia Borrero Isabel Trillas Manuel Avilés 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(4):425-433
Fusarium wilt is now a major disease of carnation crops worldwide. Methyl bromide, which is used to remedy it, is environmentally
unsafe. An alternative approach integrated into biological control is to grow crops in suppressive media. Suppressiveness
of seven plant growth media to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi was evaluated in bioassays with carnation (Dianthus cariophyllus) cv. Medea. These media were: (1) grape marc compost, (2) cork compost, (3) olive oil husk + cotton gin trash composted and
mixed with rice husk, (4) spent mushroom compost mixed with peat, (5) coir fibre, (6) light peat and (7) vermiculite. In order
to look for carnation Fusarium wilt suppressiveness indicators, growth medium pH and β-glucosidase activity were evaluated.
Furthermore, F. oxysporum populations were measured in plant growth media at the beginning and end of bioassays. The compost media showed a range of
suppressiveness in comparison with peat. Grape marc compost was the most effective plant growth medium in suppressing carnation
Fusarium wilt. On the other hand coir fibre, peat and vermiculite were conducive for this disease. β-glucosidase activity
and pH were positively correlated with disease severity as in other reports for tomato. Therefore, these two parameters are
good indicators for carnation Fusarium wilt suppressiveness, and possibly for other F. oxysporum pathosystems. All composts showed similar F. oxysporum populations at the end of the bioassays to peat and vermiculite. 相似文献
12.
Twenty-seven seed samples belonging to the lettuce cultivars most frequently grown in Lombardy (northwestern Italy), in an
area severely affected by Fusarium wilt of lettuce, were assayed for the presence ofFusarium oxysporum on a Fusarium-selective medium. Isolations were carried out on subsamples of seeds (500 to 1500) belonging to the same seed
lots used for sowing, and either unwashed or disinfected in 1% sodium hypochloride. The pathogenicity of the isolates ofF. oxysporum obtained was tested in four trials carried out on lettuce cultivars of the butterhead type, very susceptible to Fusarium
wilt. Nine of the 27 samples of seeds obtained from commercial seed lots used for sowing in fields affected by Fusarium wilt
were contaminated byF. oxysporum. Among the 16 isolates ofF. oxysporum obtained, only one was isolated from disinfected seeds. Three of the isolates were pathogenic on the tested cultivars of
lettuce, exhibiting a level of pathogenicity similar to that of the isolates ofF. oxysporum f.sp.lactucae obtained from infected wilted plants in Italy, USA and Taiwan, used as comparison. The results obtained indicate that lettuce
seeds are a potential source of inoculum for Fusarium wilt of lettuce. The possibility of isolatingF. oxysporum f.sp.lactucae, although from a low percent of seeds, supports the hypothesis that the rapid spread of Fusarium wilt of lettuce observed
recently in Italy is due to the use of infected propagation material. Measures for prevention and control of the disease are
discussed.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 16, 2003. 相似文献
13.
G. Gilardi S. Franco Ortega P. C. J. van Rijswick G. Ortu M. L. Gullino A. Garibaldi 《Plant pathology》2017,66(4):677-688
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, the causal agent of fusarium wilt of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), occurs in most countries in which lettuce is grown and causes serious economic losses. Three races (1, 2 and 3) of the pathogen have previously been identified on the basis of their ability to cause disease on differential lettuce cultivars, as well as by means of molecular tools developed to characterize different races of this pathogen. Only race 1 has been detected in Europe so far. In this study, two isolates of F. oxysporum, obtained from lettuce plants grown in the Netherlands showing symptoms of wilt, have been characterized by combining the study of pathogenicity with differential cultivars of lettuce and molecular assays to determine whether the isolates are different from the known races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae. This study reports the presence of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae for the first time in the Netherlands. The causal pathogen has been identified, using the IRAP‐SCAR technique, as a new race of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae. Specific primers have been designed to identify this new race. 相似文献
14.
Pathogenicity, vegetative compatibility and RAPD analysis of Fusarium oxysporum isolates from tobacco fields in Extremadura 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mª Carmen Rodríguez-Molina Mª Carmen Morales-Rodríguez Carolina Palo Mª Dolores Osuna Mª José Iglesias José Antonio García 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(3):639-650
Fusarium wilt of tobacco could be caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas or f. sp. vasinfectum since f. sp. nicotianae was rejected because there was no evidence of isolates specific to tobacco. Forty isolates of F. oxysporum from soil and plants from tobacco fields in Extremadura (south-western Spain) were characterized by pathogenicity on burley and flue-cured tobacco, for vegetative compatibility group (VCG), and by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Isolates from burley were identified as race 1 of F. oxysporum f. sp. batatas based on pathogenicity on tobacco, sweet potato and cotton, and those from flue-cured as race 2. Most isolates from soil were heterokaryon self-incompatible (HSI) and the remaining isolates from soil and tobacco were grouped into four VCGs: VCG 1 (5 isolates from burley), VCG 2 (17 isolates from flue-cured and 4 from soil), VCG 3 (2 isolates from flue-cured) and VCG 4 (2 isolates from soil). This is the first report of the two races and VCGs of F. oxysporum f. sp. batatas in Spain. Analysis of RAPD revealed two clusters (C-I and C-II) related to race and VCGs. C-I included race 1 (VCG 1) isolates from burley and nonpathogenic (VCG 4 or HSI) isolates from soils. C-II included nonpathogenic (VCG 2) and race 2 (VCG 2 or VCG 3) isolates from flue-cured. VCG and RAPD markers were effective in distinguishing race 2 from race 1, suggesting that there are two genetically differentiated groups of F. oxysporum f. sp. batatas on tobacco in Extremadura. 相似文献
15.
Comparative effect of root-knot nematode on severity of verticillium and fusarium wilt in cotton 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of root-knot nematode (RKN) (Meloidogyne incognita) onVerticillium dahliae andFusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was investigated. Two different inoculation methods were used, one in which inoculum was added to the soil, so that nematode
and fungal inoculum were in close proximity; the other, inoculation into the stem, whereby the two inocula were spatially
separated. Invasion of the roots by RKN enhanced disease severity, as measured by the height of vascular browning in the stem,
following inoculation with either wilt pathogen. The effect of RKN on Fusarium wilt was more pronounced than that on Verticillium
wilt. Nematode-enhanced infection byF. oxysporum is a well known effect but there are few reports of enhanced infection byVerticillium due to RKN. Relative resistance of a number of cotton cultivars to both wilt diseases, as measured by height of vascular
browning, was similar to the known field performance of the cultivars. The use of vascular browning as an estimate of disease
severity was therefore validated.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 3, 2003. 相似文献
16.
H. J. M. Löffler E. B. Cohen G. T. Oolbekkink B. Schippers 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1986,92(4):153-162
Addition of 1 g urea or NH4Cl per kg dry soil (0.1%) reduced the population ofFusarium oxysporum f. sp.dianthi in one of two soils tested. Ammonia does not seem to be the responsible factor since it accumulated similarly in both soils upon addition of NH4Cl or urea. Addition of Nitrapyrine in combination with 0.1% urea or NH4Cl increased ammonia concentrations in soil but decreased the population-declining effect. Addition of nitrate in amounts corresponding to those measured after decomposition of urea in soil had no effect on population development. Addition of nitrite in amounts corresponding to those measured during decomposition of urea in soil decreased the population ofF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi. In vitro, nitrite inhibited chlamydospore formation. Upon addition of 0.1% urea, nitrite accumulated 10 to 100 times more in the susceptible soil than in the not-susceptible soil. It is concluded that nitrite rather then ammonia is responsible for the decline effect of ammonia-generating compounds on populations ofF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi in soil.Samenvatting Toevoeging van 0.1% ureum of 0.1% NH4Cl verminderde de populatie vanF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi in een van de twee getoetste gronden. Ammoniak lijkt niet verantwoordelijk voor deze afname, aangezien ammoniak in beide gronden gelijkelijk ontwikkelde na toevoeging van ureum of NH4Cl. Toevoeging van Nitrapyrine tesamen met ureum of NH4Cl aan de actieve grond verhoogde de concentratie ammoniak in de grond, maar verlaagde het remmend effect. Toevoeging van nitraat in hoeveelheden die overeenkoment met die welke gemeten worden na volledige omzetting van ureum had geen effect op de populatie vanF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi. Toevoeging van nitriet in hoeveelheden die overeenkomen met die welke gemeten worden na volledige afbraak van ureum verminderde de populatie wel. In vitro remde nitriet de chlamydosporevorming vanF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi. Toediening van 0.1% ureum aan de grond gaf een 10 tot 100 maal hogere nitrietaccumulatie in de actieve gron dan in de niet-actieve grond. Daarom wordt de conclusie getrokken, dat nitriet veeleer dan ammoniak verantwoordelijk is voor de vermindering van de populatie vanF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi in grond waaraan ammoniak-genererende verbindingen zijn toegevoegd. 相似文献
17.
The vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis causes worldwide yield losses of muskmelon. In this study, we characterized a UV-induced non-pathogenic mutant (strain 4/4) of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis, previously identified as a potential biological control agent. During comparative analysis of vegetative growth parameters using different carbon sources, mutant strain 4/4 showed a delay in development and secretion of extracellular enzymes, compared to the wild type strain. Amendments of the growth medium with yeast extract, adenine or hypoxanthine, but not guanine, complemented the growth defect of strain 4/4, as well as secretion and partial activity of cellulases and endopolygalacturonases, indicating that the strain is an adenine auxotroph. Incubation of strain 4/4 conidia in adenine solution, prior to inoculation of muskmelon plants, partially restored pathogenicity to the mutant strain. 相似文献
18.
19.
Pingxiang Lu Giovanna Gilardi Maria Lodovica Gullino Angelo Garibaldi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,126(3):387-402
The use of Brassica crops as green manure in the so-called biofumigation treatment has been successfully exploited for the
management of soilborne pathogens and is gaining interest particularly in the case of less intensive agricultural systems.
A study was undertaken to investigate possible negative side-effects of biofumigation in order to prevent possible damage
caused by wilt pathogens able to attack both plants used for biofumigation as well as agricultural crops. To do so, firstly
the response of different Brassicas, including some used in biofumigation, to the formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum known for being pathogenic on Brassica crops was evaluated. Secondly, the effect of green manure treatments on yield, quality
of crops, and inoculum densities, infection and survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans and F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani was evaluated. In the second part of the work, four Brassica crops, selected for their response (susceptibility or resistance)
to F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans and to F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani were evaluated in order to determine their response to the two pathogens during subsequent crops grown in soil where plants
were incorporated as green manure into the soil at the end of each cycle. Moreover, the dynamics of the populations of F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans and F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani in the soil after several biofumigation cycles was studied. Many of the Brassica crops used for biofumigation tested were
susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans and or to F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani. Green manure treatment, carried out by growing nine cycles of biocidal plants, with a short crop cycle of 30–35 days, did
not reduce Fusarium wilts on susceptible Brassica hosts. The population of the pathogen was partially increased as a result
of the incorporation of tissues of the susceptible plants. When Brassica crops grown were resistant to the two F. oxysporum pathogens used for soil infestation, green manure simulation did inhibit both pathogens, thus confirming its biocidal activity.
The results obtained under our experimental conditions show that biofumigation treatment is not applicable for soil disinfestation
on crops susceptible to the same formae speciales of F. oxysporum affecting Brassica species used for biofumigation. Brassica crops resistant to Fusarium yellows should be grown where biofumigation
is applied. Moreover, alternation of crops used for biofumigation should be encouraged. 相似文献
20.
《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》1999,54(3-4):63-72
Simultaneous inoculation with races 1 and 2 of the vascular wilt pathogenFusarium oxysporumf.sp.lycopersiciprovided a high level of protection against race 2 in three tomato cultivars carrying resistance geneI, which confers resistance to race 1 but not race 2. However, simultaneous inoculation did not provide any protection in cultivars lacking this gene. Protection resulted in reduction and delay of wilt symptoms. Similarly, avirulent races ofF. oxysporumf.sp.melonisprotected muskmelon plants against virulent races of the sameforma specialis.A ratio 10:1 between spore concentrations of inducer and challenger organism gave the highest cross protection, but ratio 0.1:1 still provided significant disease reduction. Cross protection was also obtained when inoculation with the inducer organism was performed 6 or 12 h before inoculation with the challenger organism. Autoclaved spores of the inducer did not have any protective effect, indicating that living propagules were required to initiate protection. The results suggest the presence of a gene-for-gene interaction betweenF. oxysporumf.sp.lycopersici-tomato andF. oxysporumf.sp.melonis-muskmelon, in which cross protection against a virulent race is mediated by recognition of a specific elicitor from the avirulent race by the plant resistance gene product and by subsequent induction of the plant defense reaction. 相似文献