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红麻田使用化学除草剂已有研究报道，但红麻地膜栽培使用，国内尚未见报道。近年来地膜栽培不断发展，由于地膜覆盖后无法人工除草，往往造成杂草顶破地膜而影响实效，因而试验研究红麻地膜栽培使用化学除草剂显得十分必要。为此，1984年我们对红麻地膜栽培田除草剂的使用进行了多点试验，现综述如下： 相似文献
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本文简述了黄／红麻种质资源利用创新与遗传基础研究的进展，重点介绍红麻抗虫、抗除草剂、耐盐转基因育种的意义及研究进展，提出了深化黄／红麻种质资源创新及遗传基础研究的重点．以期为提升我国黄／红麻基础科学核心竞争力提供参考依据。 相似文献
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花粉管法将外源除草剂基因导入红麻的有效方法及参数研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本研究利用花粉管通道法将携带有外源抗除草剂的ｂａｒ基因导入红麻，分析了不同导入方法（子房注射法、柱头滴加法）和技术参数对受体植株当代结实率、Ｔ１代种子出苗率及转化率的影响。结果表明：不同导入方法在受体当代结实率、Ｔ１代种子出苗率上存在较明显的差异。其中子房注射法结实率高于柱头滴加法，而出苗率则相反，外源ＤＮＡ导入浓度和剂量对受体当代结实率，Ｔ、代种子出苗率则无显著影响；并确定除草剂ＰＰＴ对红麻青皮 相似文献
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本研究利用花粉管通道法将携带有外源抗除草剂的bar基因导入红麻 ,分析了不同导入方法 (子房注射法、柱头滴加法 )和技术参数对受体植株当代结实率、T1代种子出苗率及转化率的影响。结果表明 :不同导入方法在受体当代结实率、T1代种子出苗率上存在较明显的差异。其中子房注射法结实率高于柱头滴加法 ,而出苗率则相反。外源DNA导入浓度和剂量对受体当代结实率、T1代种子出苗率则无显著影响 ;并确定除草剂PPT对红麻青皮 3号受体品种的幼苗期 ( 3— 4叶期 )的筛选浓度为 70 μg/ml,用该浓度PPT溶液筛选转化株 ,其T1代有 1 2 %的植株表现出对除草剂的抗性 ,其推断转化株的比率随外源DNA导入浓度及剂量的增大而提高 ,子房注射法较柱头滴加法其T1代有更高的推断转化株比率 相似文献
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本研究利用花粉管通道法将携带有外源抗除草剂的bar基因导入红麻,分析了不同导入方法(子房注射法、柱头滴加法)和技术参数对受体植株当代结实率、T1代种子出苗率及转化率的影响.结果表明:不同导入方法在受体当代结实率、T1代种子出苗率上存在较明显的差异.其中子房注射法结实率高于柱头滴加法,而出苗率则相反.外源DNA导入浓度和剂量对受体当代结实率、T1代种子出苗率则无显著影响;并确定除草剂PPT对红麻青皮3号受体品种的幼苗期(3-4叶期)的筛选浓度为70μg/ml,用该浓度PPT溶液筛选转化株,其T1代有12%的植株表现出对除草剂的抗性,其推断转化株的比率随外源DNA导入浓度及剂量的增大而提高,子房注射法较柱头滴加法其T1代有更高的推断转化株比率 相似文献
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红麻根结线虫病是我县红麻生产中的主要病害之一，严重阻碍了红麻生产的高产优质。红麻根结线虫病易发于连作红麻地块，随着红麻连作地块的增加和连作年限的延长，其危害日益加重。为了减轻红麻根结线虫病的危害，提高红麻的单产和品质，增加农民收入，近年来，我们大力推广了红麻根结线虫病综合防治技术，取得了显著的增产效果。１ 红麻根结线虫病及其危害红麻根结线虫病是红麻主要病害之一，由病原线虫侵染根系而引起。线虫侵入红麻后，病株根系产生许多瘤状突起，使红麻根系功能减退，麻株生长缓慢。叶片发黄，植株矮小，生长发育不良。… 相似文献
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The amino acid substitutions that confer herbicide resistance may also involve fitness costs leaving mutant plants at a competitive disadvantage compared with wildtypes. This research investigated the effect of two target–site point mutations of ACCase gene: Ile-1781-Leu/Val and Ile-2041-Asn on plant growth and fecundity of Hordeum glaucum biotypes grown in monoculture and/or under interspecific competition in the field with Triticum aestivum L. and Lens culinaris M. The amino acid substitutions at 1781 position of ACCase gene did not impose any negative pleiotropic effects on relative growth rate (RGR), panicle emergence, plant height, total biomass, and seed production in H. glaucum mutant plants. There was some evidence for fitness cost associated with Ile-2041-Asn mutation in terms of reduced RGR and reduced vegetative biomass and seed production when grown in competition with L. culinaris. The absence of measurable negative pleiotropic effects on plant growth and fecundity associated with Ile-1781-Leu/Val ACCase mutations in H. glaucum suggest that the frequency of these alleles will not decline in the absence of herbicide selection pressure. However, the 2041-Asn allele could decrease in frequency in the absence of herbicide selection pressure. 相似文献
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Iñigo Loureiro Enrique Rodríguez-García Concepción Escorial José María García-Baudín José Luis González-Andújar María Cristina Chueca 《Crop Protection》2010
Lolium rigidum is the most prevalent and damaging grass weed of winter cereals in Spain. L. rigidum infestations are frequently treated with herbicides and, consequently, populations have evolved resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the extent and frequency of herbicide resistance in L. rigidum populations in Spain to the selective herbicides chlortoluron, diclofop-methyl and chlorsulfuron, commonly used for its control in-crop, and to glyphosate. The response to these herbicides was evaluated on 123 accessions surveyed randomly across cereal cropping areas of the regions of Castile and León, Catalonia and Andalusia. The fresh weight and the frequency of undamaged plants were calculated for each accession and herbicide. At the regional level, higher frequencies of accessions displaying resistance occurred in Catalonia, an intensively cropped region with a greater herbicide selection pressure. Of concern is that in this region the 60% of the accessions displayed some level of resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide chlorsulfuron. The 6.9% of the accessions found in Castile and León with some resistance to glyphosate could also indicate an incipient problem of resistance to this herbicide. For the other herbicides and regions the majority of the accessions remained susceptible. The possible mechanisms of herbicide resistance development in L. rigidum accessions (target-site versus non-target-site resistance) and their variation among regions was discussed. This study can be used to generate herbicide resistance-management schemes for farmers, based upon the herbicide the site and the potential for resistance development. 相似文献
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美国转基因玉米的生产概况和发展趋势 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
美国是世界上最大的玉米生产国, 种植面积、总产和单产均居世界首位。转基因玉米自1996年引入生产以来,使玉米生产上了一个新台阶。当前推广利用的转基因玉米品种基本上是抗虫和抗除草剂两种类型。抗虫是由在玉米体内表达Bacillus Thuringiensis(Bt)毒素结晶蛋白(cry蛋白)基因所致,除草剂的抗性(Herbicide tolerance, HT)是由外源的或改良的EPSPS基因在玉米体内表达来实现。转基因玉米的种植面积每年都稳步上升,转基因玉米的也由单一的Bt或HT转变为多基因多性状的叠加,将抗玉米螟和抗Rootworm结合,使玉米的地上部和地下部都得到了有效的保护,再加之抗除草剂基因的叠加,使得转基因品种在生产上更具竞争力。转基因玉米的抗虫和抗除草剂等优良性状带来了巨大的经济和环境效益, 并被越来越多的大众所接受。转基因玉米在短短10年间的应用和发展,还不能回答转基因作物对人类和环境的长期影响等问题。因此,对转基因作物的管理和利用仍不能掉以轻心,不能因对生物技术的热情而对人类和环境造成无意的不可挽回的破坏。 相似文献
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K. S. Sandhu A. K. Joshi K. L. Bajaj 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1988,38(1):67-73
The nutritive quality of carrots, obtained from different herbicide-treated plots and under different levels of nitrogen application ranging from zero to 80kg nitrogen/ha, was compared. There were significant differences in carotene content, T.S.S. (total soluble solids) and organolptic characteristics under the influence of different treatments. The maximum carotene content, T.S.S. and organoleptic characteristics were observed with the application of 80 kg. nitrogen/ha and fluchloralin herbicide at 0.90 and 1.20 kg/ha. 相似文献
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草甘膦除草剂的靶标酶为5-烯醇式丙酮莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶(EPSPS)。为研究HbEPSPS基因在橡胶树中的逆境响应功能,分析其在草甘膦、机械伤害、白粉菌侵染和不同激素处理下的表达模式。结果表明：草甘膦、机械伤害和IAA处理诱导HbEPSPS显著上调;干旱、ABA、SA和ETH处理亦能诱导HbEPSPS显著上调;H2O2处理橡胶树叶片中HbEPSPS表达呈现双峰规律;白粉菌侵染叶片,HbEPSPS表达显著下调。不同部位表达分析结果表明,HbEPSPS基因在花中表达量最高,其次是树皮和叶,在胶乳中表达量最低。此结果表明,HbEPSPS基因在橡胶树草甘膦药害和激素信号响应中具有重要作用,为研究其在橡胶树抗逆机制中的作用奠定良好基础。 相似文献
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Recent Advances in Development of Herbicide Resistant Transgenic Hybrid Rice in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
XIAO Guo-ying 《水稻科学》2009,16(3):235-239
In addition to weed control in direct seeding field of hybrid rice, herbicide resistance genes were used by Chinese scientists to increase and identify the purity of hybrid seeds, and to realize the mechanization of hybrid seed production. The elite restorer lines, such as Minghui 63, R752, T461, R402, D68 and E32 were transformed directly with herbicide resistance genes, in which D68 and E32 are restorer lines of two-line system and the others are of three-line system. Because almost all of important restorer lines are indica varieties and are recalcitrant in transformation, many herbicide resistant near-isogenic restorer lines were developed by sexual hybridization of indica and japonica varieties and backcross with indica restorer lines later, such as Ce 64, Minghui 63, Teqing, Milyang 46, R402 and 9311, in which 9311 is a restorer line of two-line system. The elite photoperiod-sensitive/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, such as Pei'ai 64S, P88S, 4008S and 7001S, were transformed with herbicide resistance genes. A few herbicide resistant male sterile lines were developed through sexual hybridization and subsequently systemic selection, such as Bar1259S, Bar2172S, 05Z221A and 05Z227A. With the employment of herbicide resistant male sterile lines or herbicide resistant restorer lines, a few herbicide resistant hybrid rice combinations were developed, such as Xiang 125S/Bar 68-1 and Pei'ai 64S/Bar 9311. Based on herbicide resistance, the research was marching on to investigate the parental lines of hybrid rice with insect resistance, drought tolerance, etc. 相似文献