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1.
为探讨茶园地散养方式对瑶山鸡生长及屠宰性能的影响,选用30日龄、体重基本一致的瑶山鸡共计120只,随机分为2组,每组各60只,每组再分为6个重复小组,每小组10只。分别采用一般坡地散养和茶园地散养方式进行饲养。饲养至90日龄时进行屠宰,并对生产及屠宰性能相关指标进行测定。结果显示:一般坡地散养方式的瑶山鸡90日龄体重低于茶园地散养组、平均日增重显著低于茶园地散养组(P<0.05),料重比高于茶园散养组;茶园地瑶山鸡90日龄的屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、腿肌重和瘦肉率均高于坡地散养组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);茶园地散养组的肝重、脾脏重显著高于一般坡地散养组(P<0.05);茶园地散养组瑶山鸡的组氨酸、精氨酸、肌苷酸含量显著高于一般坡地散养组(P<0.05),其他指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上表明,与一般坡地散养方式相比较,茶园地散养方式更利于瑶山鸡的生长。 相似文献
2.
选择240只1日龄新生罗斯308(ROSS 308)肉鸡分成4个处理组,用于研究枯草芽孢杆菌饲料添加剂对地面平养和笼养肉仔鸡的生长性能、养分利用率及血液生化指标等的影响。处理组1和处理组2肉仔鸡日粮添加抗生素金霉素,处理组3和处理组4肉仔鸡日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌饲料添加剂;同时,处理组1和处理组3肉仔鸡地面平养,处理组2和处理组4肉仔鸡采用笼养,试验周期21 d。试验结果显示:平均日增重、料重比、粗蛋白和代谢能的表观利用率等指标,处理组4显著优于(P<0.05)处理组1,处理组2和处理组3之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。肉仔鸡血清白蛋白浓度指标,处理组4和处理组2之间无显著差异(P>0.05),且显著大于(P<0.05)处理组1。本试验证明,无论是传统的肉鸡地面平养方式还是现代的规模化肉鸡笼养方式,添加微生态制剂枯草芽孢杆菌,可有效替代饲用抗生素,改善肉仔鸡生长性能,其作用机理主要是提高饲料蛋白质的消化利用率。 相似文献
3.
Dietary integration with oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil improves growth rate and oxidative status in outdoor‐reared,but not indoor‐reared,pigs 
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下载免费PDF全文 C. Forte D. Ranucci D. Beghelli R. Branciari G. Acuti L. Todini C. Cavallucci M. Trabalza‐Marinucci 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(5):e352-e361
The effects of a diet supplemented with oregano essential oil on performance, oxidative status, pork quality traits and sensorial properties were evaluated. In two studies, 72 pigs in indoor or outdoor conditions were assigned to either a control diet or an identical diet supplemented with 0.2% oregano essential oil. Pigs reared outdoor showed lower live weight, average daily gain and average gain:feed ratio compared to indoor pigs. The oregano supplementation improved the growth performance of the outdoor‐ but not the indoor‐reared animals. The serum oxidative status was influenced by the diet. A higher oxidative stability was observed in the oregano‐supplemented groups. As for the rearing conditions, the data suggest that after an initial adapting period, the free‐range farming systems could be better tolerated by pigs. Meat derived from pigs reared outdoor showed higher pH and a* values. Lightness was influenced by both the diet and the rearing conditions. The control group reared indoor showed shear force values higher than both supplemented groups, while no differences were detected with the control group reared outdoor. In the consumer test performed under blind conditions, the oregano groups achieved higher consistency scores compared with the control. Under informed conditions, the meat derived from the oregano‐supplemented pigs reared outdoor received the highest scores for consistency and overall liking regardless of the rearing system. The same result for the overall liking score was obtained in the expectation test. The data obtained showed that dietary oregano essential oil can be effective in reducing performance losses due to the outdoor‐rearing system, increasing the oxidative status of the animal and oxidative stability of the meat, without modifying the meat quality traits and improving consumer perceptions of the meat quality. 相似文献
4.
Effects of the rearing system on the quality traits of the carcass, meat and fat of the Chato Murciano pig 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To evaluate the performance of the Spanish autochthonous pig breed Chato Murciano under different rearing conditions, a total of 30 castrated male pigs were used. Eighteen pigs were reared in an outdoor system, and sent to slaughter with an average age of 210 days and live weight (LW) of 124.41 kg; and 12 pigs were reared in an indoor system, and slaughtered with 119.58 kg of LW and 236 days old. The pigs reared outdoors showed a better growing rate and final live weight in relation to age, as well as higher hot and cold carcass yields, and superior weights for the most valuable meat cuts, but their morphometric parameters were similar to those of the pigs reared indoors. The rearing system did not affect many of the meat quality traits (intramuscular fat (IMF) content, pH, color, tenderness and cooking loss), but drip losses were higher in the outdoor group. The levels of IMF found in this study in both rearing systems (2.65–3.19%) were notably lower than those from previous studies, probably due to differences in the diet used. The rearing system affected the mineral and fatty acid (FA) composition. The distribution of fatty acids in both groups, with a low Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) content, can be expected to produce good quality processed products. 相似文献
5.
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of diverse production systems on pig performance, muscle characteristics, and their relation to pork quality measures. Birth and rearing conditions were evaluated using 48 barrows during the fall/winter months. Pigs were farrowed in either indoor crates or outdoor huts. At weaning, indoor- and outdoor-born pigs were allotted randomly to treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design with two birth (indoor vs. outdoor) and rearing (indoor vs. outdoor) environments. Pigs housed indoors were on concrete-slatted flooring (1.2 m2/pig), and pigs housed outdoors were on an alfalfa pasture (212 m2/pig). Body weight data were collected. Muscle samples were removed within 1 h postmortem from the longissimus (LM) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles. Muscle samples were stained histochemically to identify type I, IIA, and IIB/X muscle fibers. Boneless loins were collected from the left side of each carcass and aged for 14 d. Objective and subjective color measurements were taken on the longissimus muscle at the 10th rib on d 14 postmortem. Loin chops were evaluated for sensory attributes, shear force, and retail display features. Pigs born outdoors were heavier and had a greater ADG at most growth intervals postweaning (d 28, 56, and 112; P < 0.05) than pigs born indoors. Pigs reared outdoors were heavier (P = 0.02) at d 140 (120.1 vs. 112.9 +/- 4.9 kg), and had higher (P = 0.01) ADG (2.2 vs. 1.9 kg/d) and gain:feed ratios (0.41 vs. 0.37) than did pigs reared indoors. Birth x rearing environment interactions were not significant (P > 0.10) for most measures. Carcass and meat quality measures did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatment groups, but loin chops from outdoor born or reared pigs had higher (P < 0.05) a* values than chops from pigs born or reared indoors. The LM muscle of pigs born outdoors had a higher (P < 0.01) percentage of type I, and a lower (P < 0.05) percentage of type IIA fibers than did pigs born indoors. Pigs reared outdoors had a higher (P < 0.01) percentage of IIA fibers and a lower (P < 0.05) percentage of IIB/X fibers than did pigs reared indoors for the LM and SM muscles. Outdoor production systems may influence growth, pork color, and muscle fiber types. 相似文献
6.
Birth and rearing conditions were evaluated for their effects on pig growth, body composition, and pork quality using 48 barrows during the spring and summer months. Pigs were either farrowed in indoor crates or outdoor huts. At weaning, indoor-born and outdoor-born pigs were randomly allotted to indoor or outdoor treatments for growing/finishing. Body weight data were collected. Pigs were transported 5 h to a commercial processing plant, allowed 2 h of rest, and then processed as a group under commercial conditions. Boneless loins were collected from the left side of each carcass and aged for 14 d. Objective and subjective color measurements were taken on the longissimus muscle at the 10th rib on d 14 postmortem. Loin chops were evaluated for sensory attributes, shear force, and retail display features. Pigs born outdoors were heavier and had greater ADG at all growth intervals after weaning (d 28, 56, 112, and final weight, P < 0. 05) than pigs born indoors. Outdoor-born pigs had heavier carcass weights (91.2 vs 81.3+/-3.4 kg, P < 0.001), larger loineye areas (54.6 vs 49.7+/-0.2 cm , P < 0.05), and higher pork flavor intensity scores (6.5 vs 6.1+/-0.10, P < 0.01) than indoor-born pigs. Birth x rearing environment interactions were not significant for most measures. Backfat measurements at the last rib were greater (3.2 vs 2.8+/-0.05 cm, P < 0.05) for the pigs reared outdoors than for the pigs reared indoors. Pigs finished outdoors had more reddish pink color scores, lower shear force values, and lower L* values, indicating darker-colored pork, compared with pigs finished indoors (P < 0.05). Pig birth environment played a significant role in improving growth rates of outdoor-born pigs and increasing pork flavor intensity scores of loin chops from pigs born outdoors. Finishing pigs outdoors may improve pork color and tenderness but also may increase backfat thickness when they are fed conventional diets. 相似文献
7.
F. Mosca C. A. Kuster S. Stella G. Farina M. Madeddu L. Zaniboni 《British poultry science》2016,57(4):531-537
Milanino is a heavy Italian chicken breed included in a conservation project of the University of Milan and is an important genetic resource for alternative production systems. This research was aimed to study the effect of the dietary protein concentration on growth, slaughter performance and meat composition in free-range reared Milanino chickens.
A total of 120 Milanino chickens were fed on different protein concentrations (HP = 20% CP and LP = 16% CP), reared according to a free-range system and slaughtered at 150 and 180 d of age. Growth, slaughter performance and meat (breast and thigh) composition were recorded.
The protein concentration of the diet did not affect the overall Milanino mean body weight recorded in the straight-run group in the whole rearing period. However, the growth rate within sex was significantly different between the dietary treatments: heavier females were found in the HP group from 125 d onwards, while no differences were recorded in male body weights. The protein concentration of the diet did not affect carcass weight data or meat composition.
The present results suggest the use of a low-protein diet for rearing straight-run Milanino chickens for long rearing periods. However, in females, a high-protein diet is recommended from 125 d of age onwards.
8.
将240只1日龄罗斯308（ROSS 308）肉仔鸡，按照饲养方式（地面平养和笼养）以及添加枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗生素与否（替代和不替代）分为4个处理组（1组：抗生素地面平养组；2组：抗生素笼养组；3组：枯草芽孢杆菌地面平养组；4组：枯草芽孢杆菌笼养组），进行42 d的饲养试验。结果显示：试验全期，肉鸡末体重和饲料/增重比指标，4组显著优于（P<0.05）1组，2组和3组之间无差异（P>0.05）。21日龄和42日龄肉鸡血清生化指标分析显示：4组肉鸡血清白蛋白浓度显著大于1组；且血清尿酸浓度4组小于1组；而2组和3组之间所有血清测定指标均无差异。以上结果证明，无论是地面平养还是笼养方式，枯草芽孢杆菌替代抗生素对改善肉鸡生长性能均有良好效果，其作用机理主要是提高饲料蛋白的营养利用率. 相似文献
9.
P M Hocking 《British poultry science》1991,32(1):211-218
1. The consequences of limiting body weight gain during rearing on subsequent semen production and quality of Large White turkey males were assessed in a factorial experiment comparing ad libitum or restricted feeding in two periods (6 to 18 and 19 to 54 weeks of age). 2. The proportion of males giving semen, semen yields and concentrations of spermatozoa, and the incidence of unstable hock joints, were lower in males severely restricted from 6 to 18 weeks of age. 3. The best performance was from males that were reared on ad libitum feeding and fed 0.85 of ad libitum food consumption from 19 to 54 weeks of age. 相似文献
10.
Satoshi KUSUDA Hisashi HASHIKAWA Masato TAKEDA Hideki ITO Atsushi GOTO Jun OGUCHI Osamu DOI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(3):308-313
The purposes of the present study were to clarify age- and season- related androgen
patterns, and to compare the reproductive physiology between Japanese captive koala
populations and Australian populations. To measure fecal androgens, feces were collected
from male koalas (4.2 to 13.8 years of age) kept in Japanese zoos. Fecal androgens were
extracted with methanol from the lyophilized samples and determined by enzyme immunoassay
using 4-androstene-3,17-dione antibody. Fecal androgen concentration in male koalas
increased after sexual maturation and remained relatively high until old age. In the
survey with the Japanese zoo studbook of koalas, copulation (conception) month showed a
pyramid shape with a peak in March to June (60.7%) in koalas born and reared in Japanese
zoos and from July to April with the highest concentration in September to January (69.7%)
in Australian institutes. Japanese zoo koala populations have a characteristic
physiological cycle adapted to Japan''s seasonal changes. The suitable month of year for
copulation or conception in Japan is diametrically opposed to that in Australia. Mean
fecal androgen concentrations by month in the males born and reared in Japan indicated
annual changes with the highest concentration in May and the lowest value in November.
Fecal androgen analysis may be a noninvasive alternative tool to monitor circulating
testosterone and may be helpful in understanding reproductive activity and physiology in
male koalas. 相似文献
11.
This study aimed to quantify differences in response to stress between two strains of Syrian hamsters to evaluate the consequences of domestication in this species by measuring behavioural traits in the open-field, adrenal gland masses (ADR), and faecal and blood corticosterone concentrations (CC). We studied a laboratory (lab)- and a wild-derived population (wild). The lab hamsters were significant heavier than the wild hamsters. The lab males had the highest ADR, and it was independent of their high body mass (BM). The ADR of lab females and wild hamsters was linearly dependent of BM. The lab males had the highest faecal and blood CC, whereas the lab females had the lowest CC. In the open field, the lab hamsters began later to groom, groomed shorter, groomed less frequently, began later to rear, reared longer and reared less frequently. In the lab population, females reared more often and groomed longer than males. The sex differences in the behaviours of the lab population and the differences between the populations mirror the differences neither in the ADR nor in the CC. The founder effect and the breeding history of lab Syrian hamsters are discussed as causes of the differences between the studied populations. 相似文献
12.
1. Lohmann White and Lohmann Brown egg-type hybrids were reared on 6-, 8-, 10- or 12-h photoperiods, transferred to 12.5 h at 18 weeks and then given weekly increments to reach 14 h at 21 weeks. In a second experiment, Lohmann White pullets from the same rearing facility were transferred abruptly to 14 h at 18 weeks. 2. Body weight gain and feed intake to 6 and 18 weeks were positively correlated with rearing photoperiod in both breeds. Mortality to 18 weeks was unaffected. 3. Whether the photoperiod was increased abruptly or in a series of increments, Lohmann White pullets reared on 6 or 8 h matured 4 to 6 d later than pullets reared on 10 or 12 h. Rearing day-length had little effect on sexual maturity in Lohmann Brown pullets. 4. In both genotypes and each experiment, egg numbers, egg weight and shell strength increased with rearing photoperiod. Feed intake in the laying period was not significantly affected by rearing day-length, but a meta-analysis of all data showed a significant, though small, increase in adult feed intake with rearing photoperiod. Despite Lohmann White birds reared on 6 and 8 h having lower body weights throughout the laying period, they had larger body weight gains between 18 and 70 weeks than those reared on 10 or 12 h. There were no clear effects of rearing photoperiod on albumen height or mortality. 5. The heavier eggs and stronger shells of the birds reared on the longer day-lengths were correlated with heavier body weights at 18 weeks, and the superior egg numbers and higher feed intake were associated with age at sexual maturity. 相似文献
13.
代乳粉对早期断奶犊牛生长的影响 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(4):27-27
旨在评价饲喂代乳粉对早期断奶犊牛生长及培育成本的影响。选取体重相近的新生犊牛45头,随机分为试验1组、试验2组和对照组;试验1组饲喂A品牌代乳粉,试验2组饲喂B品牌代乳粉,对照组饲喂牛场产鲜牛奶;测定各组实验犊牛的出生体重、1月龄体重和50日龄断奶体重;计算并比较各组犊牛培育成本。结果表明,各组犊牛的出生体重和1日龄体重差异不显著（P〉0.05）;试验1组和试验2组犊牛的50日龄断奶体重分别比对照组增加5.12、2.86 kg,且试验1组与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）;试验1组和试验2组犊牛的平均日增重分别比对照组增加0.14、0.07 kg,且试验1组和对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）;试验1组与试验2组平均每头犊牛分别比对照组节约饲养成本198.8、222.0元。综上提示,使用代乳粉能够促进犊牛生长,降低犊牛的培育成本,提高养殖场的经济效益。 相似文献
14.
天蚕人工饲料及饲育方法的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研制出实用的天蚕人工饲料配方，其蚁蚕吃食率达94％以上；查明了稚蚕人工饲料育的最佳环境为温度28℃、湿度90％～93％、全部遮光黑暗的条件；确立了合理的饲育方法，即1～2龄人工饲料混合饲育，3龄分发给农户改鲜叶单头有既防病又省力；找出了室内有营绿色茧的感光时期和时间，以及简便易行的感光方法。连续4年用上述方法人工饲料共育15万头，结茧率达70％。 相似文献
15.
In order to evaluate the effect of slaughter weight and rearing system on the Chato Murciano pig carcass and meat quality traits, a total of 71 castrated male pigs were used. Forty-one pigs were reared in an outdoor system, divided in one heavy group (CHOHW) with an average live weight of 132.05 kg, and a second group with lower weights (CHOLW, 115.7 kg average). Simultaneously, 30 pigs were reared indoors and divided into one heavy group (CHIHW) with an average live weight of 144.3 kg, and a second group with lower weights (CHILW, 117.6 kg average).Heavier pigs showed higher values for several carcass parameters (hot carcass weight, carcass length, maximum perimeter of the ham, hand length, leg length, ham length, wrist perimeter) and meat cuts, higher Dorsal Fat Thickness (DFT) and Intramuscular Fat (IMF) levels, but no difference was found in the hot carcass yields (HCY). Differences in the colour parameters and several minerals (Ca, Mg, K and Na) were also due to the different slaughter weights. The rearing system had an influence on the HCY (it is higher in the outdoor system), on many carcass parameters, on meat the ultimate pH (it is higher for animals reared indoors) and on colour (this is variable). It also affected the levels of many minerals with the levels of Mg, P and K being higher for animals reared outdoors, whereas the Fe, Cu and Zn content were higher in the animals reared indoors. DFT and IMF levels were not influenced by the rearing system. 相似文献
16.
文章旨在评估不同饲养方式对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响。试验选择产蛋性能接近的22周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡540只,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复36只。笼养组蛋鸡采用三层阶梯饲养（0.6 m2/只）,网上平养组蛋鸡在金属网丝上饲养（1.5 m2/只）,垫料平养组在平铺20 cm稻壳的水泥地板上平养（1.8 m2/只）。试验共开展28周,包括2周的适应期。结果：网上平养和垫料平养组24～36 w和24～29 w蛋鸡平均日采食量较笼养组蛋鸡分别显著提高5.71%、6.22%和4.81%、4.48%（P＜0.05）。此外,垫料平养组24～36 w和24～49 w蛋鸡的料重比较笼养组分别显著提高7.31%和4.09%（P＜0.05）。在36 w时,垫料平养组鸡蛋的蛋壳强度最高,脏蛋率最低（P＜0.05）。在49 w时,笼养组鸡蛋的蛋壳厚度最低（P＜0.05）,脏蛋率最高（P＜0.05）。笼养组蛋鸡血清葡萄糖、甘油三酯、总蛋白和胆固醇浓度均最高（P＜0.05）,但高密度脂蛋白浓度最低（P＜0.05）。结论：网上平养和垫料平养可以提高蛋鸡采食量,但笼养蛋鸡的饲料效率表现最佳。此外,垫料平养提高了鸡蛋的蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度,降低了破蛋率。 相似文献
17.
旨在探讨不同养殖模式及季节性因素对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。选取2个批次的相同品种肉雏鸡,第1批饲养时间为10—12月,第2批饲养时间为3—5月,从第5周龄开始,将每个批次的肉鸡随机分为3组,各组饲养模式分别为散养、网上平养、发酵床养殖。测定并比较相同批次内不同养殖方式与相同养殖方式下不同批次5~10周龄肉鸡的生长性能,以及10周龄后肉鸡的屠宰性能和肉品质性能指标。结果表明:第1批散养肉鸡的第10周龄体重极显著高于发酵床养殖(P<0.01),第2批散养肉鸡的第10周龄体重极显著高于发酵床养殖和网上平养(P<0.01);第1批散养肉鸡的胸肌肉色和粗脂肪含量极显著高于发酵床养殖和网上平养(P<0.01),第2批散养肉鸡的胸肌粗脂肪含量极显著高于发酵床养殖和网上平养(P<0.01);第2批散养肉鸡的腿肌水分极显著低于发酵床养殖和网上平养(P<0.01),腿肌粗脂肪含量极显著高于发酵床养殖和网上平养(P<0.01)。3种饲养模式下,第2批肉鸡的第8~10周龄体重均极显著高于第1批(P<0.01);网上平养模式下,第1批肉鸡的屠宰率与全净膛率显著高于第2批(P<0.05);网上平养与散养模式下,第1批肉鸡的胸肌率极显著高于第2批(P<0.01);3种饲养模式下,第2批肉鸡的胸肌粗蛋白含量极显著高于第1批(P<0.01),第1批肉鸡的腿肌肉色、剪切力与系水力极显著高于第2批(P<0.01)。综上提示,散养模式下肉鸡的体重及肉品质指标优于网上平养及发酵床养殖模式;肉鸡的生产性能、屠宰性能及肉品质受季节性因素影响。 相似文献
18.
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different rearing conditions of indoor and outdoor in winter and summer on growth performance and immune function of Heijiao MA chicken.In the winter and summer, 180 Heijiao MA chicken with the age of 35-day-old were chosen and randomly divided into two groups with three replicates per group and 30 chickens per replicate.The Heijiao MA chicken were reared at outdoor and indoor, respectively, and at 49, 63, 77, 91 days the immune organ indexes, serum antibody titers and growth performance were measured.The results showed that:①Whether it was winter or summer, the body weight of Heijiao MA chicken rearing at indoor were higher than that of outdoor, and the difference was significant at experimental stages in winter (P<0.05).There was significant difference only at 77 days old of Heijiao MA chicken in summer (P<0.05), the rest were not significant (P>0.05);②The ADG of outdoor group in summer was higher than that in winter, while the F/G of outdoor group in summer were significantly lower than that in winter (P<0.05).The ADFI and ADG of indoor group were not significantly different between winter and summer (P>0.05).③On immune function, immune organ indexes and ND antibody titer of Heijiao MA chicken of indoor group in winter were higher than outdoor group, while part of immune organ indexes, AI (H5) and ND antibody titers of outdoor group in summer were higher than that of indoor group;And ND and AI (H5) antibody titers in winter were higher than summer.In conclusion, The climate and season were major factors to influence the growth performance and immune function of Heijiao MA chicken. 相似文献
19.
为探究不同季节室内、外饲养方式对黑脚麻鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响,本试验在冬季、夏季各选用180只35日龄的黑脚麻鸡雌雏,随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只,分别进行室外放养和室内平养。在49、63、77、91日龄分别对黑脚麻鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数和血清抗体效价进行测定。结果显示,①无论是冬季还是夏季,试验期室内平养的黑脚麻鸡体重均大于室外放养,冬季两试验组均差异显著(P<0.05),夏季仅在77日龄时差异显著(P<0.05),其余日龄差异均不显著(P>0.05);②夏季室外放养组黑脚麻鸡平均日增重(ADG)高于冬季室外放养组,料重比(F/G)显著低于冬季室外放养组(P<0.05),而室内平养组平均日采食量(ADFI)和ADG在两个季节间无显著差异(P>0.05);③在免疫功能上,冬季室内平养黑脚麻鸡免疫器官指数和新城疫(ND)抗体效价均大于室外放养组,而夏季室外放养组部分免疫器官指数和禽流感H5亚型(AI(H5))、ND抗体效价高于室内平养组;冬季两种抗体效价均高于夏季。综上所述,气候和季节是影响放养黑脚麻鸡生长性能及免疫功能的主要因素。 相似文献
20.
Microbial diversity in the large intestine of pigs born and reared in different environments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J.R. Pluske Z. Durmic H.G. Payne J. Mansfield B.P. Mullan D.J. Hampson P.E. Vercoe 《Livestock Science》2007,108(1-3):113-116
Pigs born outdoors and reared on deep litter (straw) have been reported to experience less of a growth check after weaning and have a higher dressing percentage than counterparts born and reared under conventional (indoor) systems. The reason(s) for this difference is/are presently unknown, but differences in the gut environment might contribute to these observations. PCR-DGGE techniques were used in this study to examine microbial diversity and banding patterns in the large intestine of piglets that were reared under different rearing conditions. Six piglets per treatment were euthanised at weaning (21 days) and at 7 days and 21 days after weaning from two extreme treatments [indoor-born: conventionally-raised after weaning (‘Indoor’) or outdoor-born, deep-litter raised after weaning (‘Outdoor’)]. The Shannon diversity index was calculated, and multivariate analysis of banding patterns was performed. Indoor pigs had a more diverse bacterial population at weaning and 21 days after weaning than Outdoor pigs. However at the end of the first week after weaning, outdoor-born and deep-litter pigs had a more diverse microbiota. The Shannon diversity index continued to increase with time after weaning in Outdoor pigs, which did not occur in Indoor pigs. Multivariate analysis of banding patterns showed there was a trend (P = 0.109) for a difference in microbial structure depending on housing type. There was also a significant (P < 0.001) effect of sampling time after weaning and a significant interaction (P < 0.001) between housing and time after weaning. 相似文献