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1.
稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵、异稻瘟净和三环唑的敏感性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用菌丝生长速率法分别测定了57株稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵和79株稻瘟病菌对异稻瘟净的敏感性,分别建立了敏感基线,并检测了141株大田稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵和异稻瘟净的抗药性水平;采用活体植株法测定了223株稻瘟病菌对三环唑的敏感性。57株稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵的平均EC50值为1.4312±0.0867μg/mL,其敏感性频率分布呈连续性单峰曲线,1.4312μg/mL可作为稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵的敏感基线,在141株大田稻瘟病菌中敏感、低抗和中抗菌株出现的频率分别为21.99%、73.76%和4.26%;79株稻瘟病菌对异稻瘟净的平均EC50值为6.6393±0.2662μg/mL,其敏感性频率分布也呈连续性单峰曲线,6.6393μg/mL可作为稻瘟病菌对异稻瘟净的敏感基线,141株大田稻瘟病菌中敏感、低抗和中抗菌株出现的频率分别为90.07%、7.80%和2.13%。稻瘟病菌对三环唑的EC50值最大为47.6144μg/mL,最小为1.0850μg/mL,供试菌株的EC50值呈近似正态分布,未出现敏感性下降的抗药性亚群体。 相似文献
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为明确辽宁省水稻稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae对稻瘟灵的抗性水平及变化动态,本研究于2017—2019年自辽宁省6个市的6个稻区采集并分离获得187株稻瘟病菌,利用菌丝生长速率法测定这187株稻瘟病菌菌株对稻瘟灵的敏感性及抗性,并采用茎叶喷雾法测定稻瘟灵对水稻稻瘟病的田间防治效果以及该药剂与其它药剂的交互抗性。结果表明：供试187株稻瘟病菌菌株对稻瘟灵的EC50范围为0.94~34.96 μg/mL,左侧正态分布峰内EC50平均值为5.05 μg/mL,稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵的敏感性分布频率不符合正态分布,表明菌群中已经出现对稻瘟灵敏感性下降的亚群体。187株稻瘟病菌菌株对稻瘟灵的平均抗性倍数为3.70,抗性菌株出现频率为55.61%,平均抗性指数为0.40,抗性水平呈逐年增加趋势。2017—2019年稻瘟灵对水稻叶瘟病的防治效果分别为82.97%、78.86%和81.36%,对水稻穗颈瘟的防治效果分别为79.81%、77.68%和80.20%,说明在现有防控手段下未产生高水平抗性群体。稻瘟灵与肟菌酯、戊唑醇之间无交互抗性。与不同药剂轮换使用的前提下,稻瘟灵仍可作为主要药剂防治稻瘟病。 相似文献
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为明确山东省稻瘟病病菌对稻瘟灵的敏感性,利用菌丝生长速率法,对2017年从山东省主要稻区收集并分离的44个稻瘟病病菌单孢菌株进行了稻瘟灵的敏感性研究。结果表明,稻瘟灵对山东省稻瘟病病菌的抑制中浓度EC50为0.96~62.39μg/mL,敏感性差异达64.99倍;省内各地区平均EC50为2.35~9.75μg/mL,敏感性差异达4.15倍。全省敏感菌株出现频率为54.55%,低抗菌株出现频率为36.36%,中抗菌株出现频率为6.82%,高抗菌株出现频率为2.27%。稻瘟灵仍可作为山东省防治水稻稻瘟病的有效药剂。 相似文献
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近几年我国山东省、黑龙江省、辽宁省等多地稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)已对稻瘟灵杀菌剂产生了抗药性。江苏省是我国水稻生产大省,为明确江苏省稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵的敏感性,本研究分离了2019年采自江苏省6个地区的稻瘟病菌单孢菌株101株,监测到13株稻瘟病菌为稻瘟灵的抗药性菌株,全省稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵的抗性频率为12.9%。除仪征市未监测到抗药性菌株外,其他5个地区徐州市、淮安市、连云港市、东台市以及宜兴市稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵的抗性频率分别为40.0%、33.3%、11.5%、5.0%和5.9%。利用菌丝生长速率法对其进行了敏感性测定,结果表明,这13株抗药性菌株的EC50值为15.0~20.6 mg·L-1,其抗性水平在3.6~5.0之间,均表现为低抗水平。进一步对筛选到的稻瘟灵抗性菌株适合度分析发现,只有2株抗性菌株2019-33和2019-45适合度降低,其余抗性菌株均无明显变化。这13株抗性菌株与嘧菌酯、咪鲜胺以及稻瘟酰胺均不存在交互抗性,且抗性相关基因MoIRR未发生任何位点突变。 相似文献
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辽宁省稻瘟病菌对咪鲜胺敏感基线的建立 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
2011年从辽宁省不同地区采集分离了81株稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe grisea,利用菌丝生长速率法分别测定了其对咪鲜胺的敏感性。结果表明:供试菌株中最敏感菌株的EC50值为0.008 8 μg/mL,最不敏感菌株的EC50值为0.178 0 μg/mL,敏感性差异达19倍。供试菌株敏感性频率呈近似正态分布,初步确定将所有菌株的EC50平均值0.071 0 μg/mL±0.041 0 μg/mL作为辽宁省稻瘟病菌对咪鲜胺的敏感基线。 相似文献
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稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵抗性遗传研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在离体条件下就稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵抗性的诱导、抗性水平和遗传进行了研究。结果表明,供试３个小种（ＺＡ４９、ＺＦ１和ＺＤ１）４个菌株分别经稻瘟灵５０μｇ／ｍｌ、１００μｇ／ｍｌ和稻瘟灵１００μｇ／ｍｌ＋亚硝基胍０.５μｇ／ｍｌ的３种处理诱变,均得到了抗稻瘟灵突变株,在含稻瘟灵的培养基中加入诱变剂亚硝基胍可显著提高稻瘟病菌对稻瘟灵抗性的突变率。上述３个不同处理获得的突变株的抗性水平相似,为野生型亲本的２.８～８.８倍。突变株对稻瘟灵的抗性在单分生孢子无性系后代可以稳定遗传。 相似文献
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水直播条件下黑龙江省不同稻区稻瘟病菌致病性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确水直播条件下黑龙江省不同稻区稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae的致病性分化情况,以24个抗瘟单基因系品种为寄主,来源于2017—2018年黑龙江省水直播稻田的242株稻瘟病菌菌株为接种体,采用离体划伤方法接种,记录病斑反应型,计算有效致病菌株率和抗性频率,并进行聚类分析。结果显示,在水直播条件下,2017年,黑龙江省南部和中东部稻区稻瘟病菌菌株对抗瘟单基因系品种的有效致病菌株率介于8.33%~95.83%和20.83%~95.83%之间,无毒基因出现频率分别为575次和622次;2018年,南部和中东部稻区稻瘟病菌菌株对鉴别体系的有效致病菌株率介于29.17%~95.83%和20.83%~91.67%之间,无毒基因出现频率分别为536次和571次。2017年,黑龙江省南部和中东部稻区稻瘟病菌菌株的致病性相似系数介于0.15~1.00和0.14~1.00之间,以致病性相似系数0.40为阈值,可将菌株分别划分为5个类群和6个类群;2018年,南部和中东部稻区菌株的致病性相似系数介于0.15~0.93和0.26~1.00之间,以致病性相似系数0.40为阈值,可将菌株分别划分为5个类群和4个类群。2017年,抗瘟单基因系品种对黑龙江省南部和中东部稻区稻瘟病菌菌株的抗性频率介于11.29%~88.71%和10.77%~86.15%之间,其中抗瘟单基因系品种IRBL9-W（Pi-9）和IRBLz5-CA（Pi-z5）抗性表现最好;2018年,抗瘟单基因系品种对南部和中东部稻区菌株的抗性频率介于10.34%~82.67%和15.79%~85.96%之间,其中抗瘟单基因系品种IRBL9-W（Pi-9）和IRBLz5-CA（Pi-z5）抗性表现最好。表明水直播条件下黑龙江省稻瘟病菌致病性分化剧烈,稻瘟病菌整体致病力较强,但仍有部分水稻种质抗性较好且相对稳定,基因聚合后抗性会得到进一步提升。 相似文献
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通过对952个田间菌株进行测定及筛选离体突变体,获得了耐稻瘟灵(IPT)的稻瘟菌株.耐药菌株的 IPT 毒力公式 y=a+b logc中 a=4.5046-1.0460b,平均抑制中浓度为17.79μg/ml;敏感菌株 a=5.7778-1.1363b,平均抑制中浓度为5.71μg/ml。15μg/ml IPT 对敏感菌株菌丝生长抑制率大于57.26%,据此可鉴别菌株对 IPT 的耐药性。经普查测定,稻瘟病菌抗 IPT 菌株主要分布在南方双季稻区。1988年以广西平南县耐药性菌株频率最高达8.33%,而单季稻区未见耐 IPT 菌株。不同年份耐 IPT 菌株在田间无明显增长。室内耐 IPT 扇形变异频率在0.663%—1.43%之间。 相似文献
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由辣椒疫霉病菌Phytophthora capsici引起的辣椒疫病是辣椒生产上一种重要病害,在我国各地均有发生.辣椒疫霉是一种异宗配合的卵菌.异宗配合的疫霉菌的不同交配型菌株成对培养时,可以形成有性器官并发生基因重组,使该种病菌获得更强的生存能力、致病力和更广泛的寄主范围.因此,研究疫霉交配型在理论和实践上均具有重要意义.霜脲氰(cymoxanil)由美国杜邦公司开发,用于卵菌纲病害的防治.自投入市场使用,至今未发现在自然条件下关于疫霉菌对霜脲氰抗药性报道. 相似文献
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The inhibitory effect of isoprothiolane(diisopropyl 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonate), a fungicide for rice blast control, on the metabolism of dibutyl N-methyl-N-phenylphosphoramidate (BPA) by 20 isolates of Pyricularia oryzae was examined in relation to sensitivity of the isolates to the reference fungicide IBP(S-benzyl diisopropylphosphorothiolate). The isolates were divided into five groups based on the modes of BPA metabolism and the inhibition of BPA metabolism by isoprothiolane. Every isolate in groups I and II, which was either a field isolate or a stock culture, decomposed BPA rapidly and produced both hydroxylated and N-demethylated BPA as metabolites. BPA decomposition by these isolates was strongly inhibited by isoprothiolane, resulting in the decreased production of both metabolites in group I and of the hydroxylated metabolite in group II. These isolates were almost equally sensitive to isoprothiolane. Isolates in groups III, IV, and V were all obtained from selection of the fungus mutants found growing on media containing isoprothiolane. Isolates in group III, derived by plating large numbers of conidia, did not decompose BPA to any extent. Mutants of groups IV and V were obtained from fast-growing sectors on agar containing isoprothiolane. Both these groups decomposed BPA, but isolates belonging to group IV produced copious amount of N-demethylated BPA whereas isolates in group V did not. BPA metabolism by these in vitro mutants in groups III, IV, and V was not inhibited by isoprothiolane. Thus, the inhibitory effect of isoprothiolane on BPA metabolism was correlated with sensitivity of an isolate to isoprothiolane. The inhibitory effect of IBP on BPA metabolism was not always correlated with the sensitivity of an isolate to IBP. 相似文献
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番茄灰霉病菌对腐霉利的抗药性检测及生物学性状研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
采用区分剂量法,检测了来自福建省、上海市、辽宁省和内蒙古自治区不同采样点的番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea对腐霉利的抗性频率;选取未施药地区的敏感菌株,建立了灰霉病菌对腐霉利的敏感基线;比较了常年施药地区与未施药地区灰霉病菌的抗性频率差异,测定了施药10年以上地区番茄灰霉病菌的抗性指数;研究比较了抗、感菌株的生物学性状。结果表明:腐霉利对127株敏感菌株的平均EC50值为(0.31±0.08) μg/mL;供试4省市灰霉病菌对腐霉利均表现出了很高的抗性频率,其中内蒙古自治区和辽宁省采样点的抗性菌株频率高于90%;在施药历史超过10年的215株田间菌株中,抗性水平最高的菌株来自辽宁省,抗性指数为44.3;施药地区灰霉病菌的抗性频率均高于未施药地区;抗性菌株的抗药性可稳定遗传;供试11株抗性和敏感菌株在产孢量和孢子萌发率、菌丝生长速率、活体致病力等生物学性状方面的差异与其抗性水平之间无明显相关性。 相似文献
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棉铃疫病菌对甲霜灵的抗药性风险研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
在实验室条件下,对分离自安徽省芜湖、无为、宣城、望江、肥东、寿县、滁州等7个地区的棉铃疫病菌(Phytophthora boehmeriae Sawada)对甲霜灵的抗药性进行了测定。结果显示,甲霜灵对各供试菌株的EC50分布为0.008 3～0.079 1μg／mL,平均为0.026 1 μg／mL,远小于1 μg／mL,且供试菌株在含甲霜灵质量浓度为1μg／mL的LBA平板上菌丝生长几乎完全被抑制,表明各供试菌株对甲霜灵十分敏感,但其敏感程度地区间存在较大差异。通过室内药剂直接诱变,获得抗甲霜灵菌株,经抗性测定结果表明,抗性菌株的抗性水平较其敏感亲本菌株高13 000倍以上,提示安徽省棉铃疫病菌对甲霜灵具有潜在的抗药性风险。 相似文献
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辽宁省黄瓜靶斑病菌对苯醚甲环唑和戊唑醇的敏感性 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了2013年采集分离自辽宁省8个地区的101株黄瓜靶斑病病原菌群体对三唑类杀菌剂苯醚甲环唑和戊唑醇的敏感性。结果表明:苯醚甲环唑对101株黄瓜靶斑病菌的EC50值范围为1.062~18.918μg/mL,相差16.814倍,平均EC50值为(7.109±4.578)μg/mL;戊唑醇对上述菌株的EC50值范围为1.624~21.708μg/mL,相差12.367倍,平均EC50值为(9.398±4.944)μg/mL。田间尚未出现对2种杀菌剂产生抗药性的菌株。不同地区间黄瓜靶斑病菌对苯醚甲环唑和戊唑醇的敏感性无显著差异。 相似文献
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The relative parasitic fitness of isolates of Pyricularia oryzae with different sensitivities to isoprothiolane (di-isopropyl 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonate) and IBP (S-benzyl O, O-di-isopropyl phosphorothioate) was studied in the absence of fungicides. Four field isolates (S-1,S-2,MR-1 and MR-2) and two in-vitro mutants (Rvt-1 and Rvt-2) were used for disease epidemics. S-l and S-2 were wild types; MR-1 and MR-2 were sensitive to isoprothiolane and moderately resistant to IBP, and Rvt-1 and Rvt-2 were resistant to both fungicides. Twelve epidemics were made by inoculating rice seedlings with mixed conidial suspensions of two isolates or mutants. The value of relative parasitic fitness (W = 0-1.0) was calculated for each isolate and epidemic. S-l and S-2 were stronger (W = 1.0) than MR-2, Rvt-1 and Rvt-2; but weaker (W = 0.75, 0.73, respectively) than MR-1. MR-1 was strongest among all isolates and mutants used. MR-2 was slightly weaker (W = 0.9-1.0) than S-l and S-2, but stronger than Rvt-1 and Rvt-2. Rvt-1 and Rvt-2 had smaller values of W, ranging from 0.25-0.58, in the epidemics with each field isolate. These results suggest that the proportions of in-vitro mutants do not increase unless intensive selection pressure is given, and would be expected to decrease rapidly after the selection pressure is removed. Isolates moderately resistant to IBP, such as MR-1 and MR-2, however, had high values of W, suggesting that they would increase or would not decrease rapidly in the absence of selection pressure. These results may well explain why isolates highly resistant to isoprothiolane and IBP have seldom been found, and why a large number of isolates moderately resistant to IBP but sensitive to isoprothiolane have been observed in the field. 相似文献
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Nadia Maria Poloni Giselle Carvalho Samara Nunes Campos Vicentini Adriano Francis Dorigan João Leodato Nunes Maciel Bruce A. McDonald Silvino Intra Moreira Nichola Hawkins Bart A. Fraaije Diane E. Kelly Steven L. Kelly Paulo C. Ceresini 《Plant pathology》2021,70(2):436-448
Fungicides have not been effective in controlling the wheat blast disease in Brazil. An earlier analysis of 179 isolates of Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl) sampled from wheat fields across six populations in central-southern Brazil during 2012 discovered a high level of resistance to strobilurin fungicides. Here we analysed azole resistance in the same strains based on EC50 measurements for tebuconazole and epoxiconazole. All six Brazilian populations of PoTl exhibited high resistance to both azoles, with in vitro EC50 values that were at least 35 to 50 times higher than the recommended field doses. We sequenced the CYP51A and CYP51B genes to determine if they were likely to play a role in the observed azole resistance. Although we found five distinct haplotypes in PoTl carrying four nonsynonymous substitutions in CYP51A, none of these substitutions were correlated with elevated EC50. CYP51B was sequenced for nine PoTl isolates, three each representing low, medium, and high tebuconazole EC50. Both PoTl CYP51A and CYP51B could complement yeast CYP51 function. All PoTl CYP51A-expressing yeast transformants were less sensitive to triazoles than the PoTl CYP51B ones. Transformants expressing PoTl CYP51A haplotype H1 carrying the R158K substitution were not more resistant than those expressing PoTl CYP51A haplotype H5, which is synonymous to haplotype H6, found in triazole-sensitive P. oryzae Oryza isolates from rice blast. Therefore, the reduced triazole sensitivity of wheat blast isolates compared to rice blast isolates appears to be associated with a non-target-site related resistance mechanism acquired after higher exposure to triazoles. 相似文献