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1.
H2O2对水稻白叶枯病菌过氧化氢酶相关基因crg表达的诱导作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了阐明H2O2对水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae,Xoo)过氧化氢酶(CAT)相关基因(crg)表达的诱导作用,本研究定量分析了在水稻细胞-Xoo互作体系及其加入H2O2清除剂CAT后H2O2产量和crg表达;外源添加H2O2后的病菌生长和crg表达。结果表明:在互作条件下,H2O2含量稳定增加,10 h可达到峰值;在互作6 h时crg显著地被诱导表达;加入CAT显著地降低了H2O2含量和crg表达;在外源H2O2胁迫条件下,H2O2以浓度效应的方式影响病菌增殖,显著地诱导了catB和srpA表达。因此,Xoo-水稻互作导致了H2O2的发生。无论是互作产生的还是外源的H2O2均显著地诱导了Xoocrg表达,从而活化了H2O2降解途径。 相似文献
2.
过氧化氢诱导水稻细胞过敏反应的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报道了过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导水稻细胞过敏反应(HR)的剂量和时间作用效应。由葡萄糖/葡萄糖氧化酶组成的H2O2发生体系能稳定持续产生H2O2,有效地诱导HR;然而,直接添加的H2O2则被水稻细胞快速降解,不能有效地诱导HR。利用添加过氧化氢酶清除H2O2发生体系产生的H2O2,控制H2O2对水稻细胞作用时间的方法,揭示H2O2诱导水稻细胞HR存在时间作用效应。此外,H2O2也是水稻与病原细菌不亲和互作中诱导HR的信号组分之一。 相似文献
3.
研究了三环唑对水稻超氧自由基(O2· -)产生的影响及其在病害防治中的意义,结果表明三环唑能刺激药剂-植物-病菌互作过程中O2· -的产生。O2· -清除剂甘露醇和抗坏血酸对稻瘟病菌菌丝生长有一定的抑制作用,于接种后处理却对三环唑表现拮抗作用。外源H2O2和O2· -及从经三环唑预处理并接种的植株获得的叶片泌出液都对稻瘟病菌孢子萌发有直接的抑制作用,且三环唑对这种抑制作用表现明显的增效。说明刺激寄主产生O2· -和降低病菌的抗氧化能力可能是三环唑防治稻瘟病的作用机制之一 相似文献
4.
炭疽病菌预先接种黄瓜可以诱导其产生对褐斑病的抗性.经炭疽病菌(1.0×106个孢子/mL)诱导48h后,黄瓜对褐斑病的抗性最大可达97.83%.在同种马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基中培养,这两种病原菌的竞争力差异显著,黄瓜炭疽病菌能够获得更多的营养物质,生长旺盛,而褐斑病菌的生长则受到严重抑制.经苯胺兰染色发现,炭疽病菌诱导后黄瓜叶片中胼胝质的积累量显著增加.此外,黄瓜炭疽病菌与褐斑病菌的侵染方式存在一定的差异,前者可以通过气孔或直接穿透细胞壁侵入寄主.而后者只能通过直接穿透细胞壁侵入寄主. 相似文献
5.
为探讨活性氧和细胞质钙离子在小麦抗条锈病反应中的作用,以小麦品种洛夫林13与具有不同致病力的单孢锈菌CY29、CY25的互作体系为平台,对锈菌侵染后小麦叶片中活性氧(ROS)积累、保护酶系(SOD、CAT和APX)活性变化动态、细胞质膜的透性改变及细胞质钙离子浓度变化做了研究。结果表明,不亲和锈菌CY25侵染可引起小麦叶片内2次ROS的爆发,第1次出现在接种后前期(接种后第2天),强度较小,第2次出现在接种后期(接种后第5天),强度较大;亲和锈菌CY29侵染只引起1次ROS爆发,出现在接种后期(接种后第5和第6天之间),但强度极大。过敏性坏死反应HR只出现在不亲和互作小麦叶片上前期ROS爆发之后,表明前期ROS爆发与HR的产生有关。伴随着后期小麦叶片中强度极高的ROS的爆发,叶片细胞原生质膜遭到了破坏,细胞内物质外渗,细胞不久便死亡,表明高强度的ROS爆发会导致细胞死亡。根据不同互作体系ROS爆发时期SOD、CAT和APX等保护酶的活性变化分析,不亲和互作体系前期强度较小的ROS爆发主要成分是H2O2,后期强度较高的ROS爆发主要成分是O2-·和H2O2;亲和互作体系强度极高的ROS爆发主要成分是O2-·和H2O2。由此说明H2O2是引起小麦抗病反应HR发生的因素,而O2-·则是引起细胞死亡的因素。细胞质钙离子浓度变化研究表明,HR的发生与细胞质钙离子浓度增加相关。细胞质钙离子浓度的降低推迟了HR的发生,这说明小麦叶片细胞内细胞质钙离子浓度的增加是HR的必要条件,同时也说明Ca2+是植物HR的胞内第二信使参与植物抗病防卫反应。 相似文献
6.
稻瘟病菌在水稻CO39近等基因系上的生命表和繁殖表 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文选用以CO39为背景的水稻近等基因系与广东省稻瘟病菌3个优势生理小种(ZC13、ZB1和ZB5)构成12个亲和性和非亲和性互作组合,组建各组合稻瘟病菌的生命表和繁殖表,分析在亲和性互作中稻瘟病菌的生存和繁殖状况对寄主发病的影响,并探讨在非亲和性互作中抗性基因在抵御病菌侵染过程中的作用。结果表明,在亲和性和非亲和性互作中,稻瘟病菌生长繁殖各阶段均参与了感抗反应并发挥了一定的作用:在CO39近等基因系上,同一小种的孢子萌发率或菌丝形成率无明显差别,而小种间则表现一定差异;病菌的定殖和繁殖是亲和与非亲和互作的关键阶段,定殖率、病斑形成率低,则寄主表现抗病,反之则表现感病。在繁殖表众多表示种群增长的参数中,世代平均产孢量F'、净增殖率R0、最大相对增长率rmax和种群趋势指数Ⅰ等4个指标适合于反映稻瘟病菌繁殖状况与感抗病反应的关系。 相似文献
7.
以霜霉病抗性葡萄品种左优红和感病品种霞多丽为材料,研究硫化氢(H2S)在葡萄应答霜霉病过程中的作用及其与过氧化氢(H2O2)的相互关系。结果表明,接种霜霉病菌后,抗性品种左优红和感病品种霞多丽叶片均出现H2S含量的猝发、H2S合成酶基因表达量增加、抗病相关蛋白多酚氧化酶(PPO)和β-1,3葡聚糖酶(Glu)活性显著升高现象;且H2S清除剂次牛磺酸(HT)可以显著抑制霜霉病菌诱导的PPO和Glu活性升高,并导致葡萄的感病率和病情指数显著升高;同时外源H2S可降低两个葡萄品种的感病率和病情指数。说明,H2S是参与葡萄抗霜霉病过程的新的信号物质。受霜霉病菌侵染后,葡萄叶片H2O2含量猝发早于H2S,并且H2O2清除剂抗坏血酸(AsA)可显著抑制霜霉病菌所诱导的H2S含量的上升,而H2S清除剂HT对霜霉病菌诱导的H2O2含量变化影响不显著,推测,H2S作用于H2O2的下游参与葡萄抵御霜霉病过程。 相似文献
8.
小麦-条锈菌互作过程中活性氧及保护酶系的变化研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对条锈菌与小麦不同互作体系中组织学特征、活性氧产生及其相关酶系的变化进行了研究。组织学观察表明:非亲和组合相对于亲和组合存在明显差异,表现为菌丝生长受抑,吸器母细胞和吸器形成减少,寄主细胞在接种后18h左右出现过敏性坏死。生化测定结果表明:在非亲和组合中,O2-的产生速率和H2O2的含量均高于亲和组合,且O2-产生速率在接种后12h达到一个峰值,H2O2的含量在接种后20和72h出现2个高峰。而在亲和组合中,O2-产生速率低于对照或与对照相似,H2O2的含量虽然高于对照,但却普遍低于非亲和组合;SOD在亲和组合中的活性总体上要高于非亲和组合;接种24h后,CAT在2种组合中的活性均高于对照,在接种后36和48h时,亲和组合中的CAT活性高于非亲和组合,而在接种60h后又开始低于非亲和组合;POD活性在接种24h后均明显升高,但亲和组合中POD活性增幅大;MDA在非亲和组合中于接种后72h含量明显上升。结果表明,亲和与非亲和组合中条锈菌扩展、活性氧的产生及相关酶活变化都存在明显差异,这些差异与小麦抗锈性的表达可能有密切联系。 相似文献
9.
为了揭示过氧化氢酶基因katExoo在水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonasoryzaepv.oryzae,Xoo)过氧化氢(H2O2)抗性和致病性中的功能,本研究构建了基因缺失突变体ΔkatExoo,测定了突变体的H2O2抗性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、在离体培养条件下的生长速率以及对水稻的致病性。用标记基因置换法获得了ΔkatExoo突变体,其保守的CAT结构域(GATase1_catalase和catalase_clade_2)被GmR片段所替换。katExoo基因缺失突变并不导致病菌的H2O2抗性和CAT活性降低或丧失,反而在一定程度上使之增强和升高。ΔkatExoo离体生长量显著降低,水稻接种叶片病斑明显缩短、在叶组织内的种群量下降。表明基因缺失突变显著地影响了病菌的生长、定殖和致病性。本研究结果为“KatExoo可能是Xoo的一个毒性因子”的假设提供了遗传学证据。 相似文献
10.
水稻白叶枯病成株抗性与过氧化氢含量及几种酶活性变化的关系 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
分析了水稻白叶枯病成株抗性与过氧化氢(H2O2)含量及过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化的关系。试验结果表明:接种白叶枯病菌T7133后,苗期与成株期植株体内H2O2含量上升以及POD、PPO和SOD活性增加。与苗期叶片相比,成株期叶片H2O2含量高,且PPO和SOD的酶活性增强,而POD的酶活性则降低。苗期和成株期CAT的酶活性均低于对照,成株期比苗期CAT活性更低。这些结果表明,H2O2、PPO、SOD和CAT可能与水稻白叶枯病成株抗性之间存在一定的关联,而POD则没有直接关系。 相似文献
11.
The glycolipid antibiotic rhamnolipid B isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain B5 was evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity and in vivo control against phytophthora blight and anthracnose under glasshouse conditions. Rhamnolipid B showed antifungal activity against Cercospora kikuchii, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Magnaporthe grisea and Phytophthora capsici. Microscopic observation revealed that the high level of antifungal activity (10 µg ml −1) against P capsici was mainly due to a lytic effect on zoospores. Zoospore lysis began in the presence of 10 µg ml −1 of rhamnolipid B and most of the zoospores were collapsed at 25 µg ml −1. Rhamnolipid B showed inhibitory activity against the germination of zoospores and hyphal growth of P capsici at concentrations of 50 µg ml −1. Spore germination of the anthracnose plant pathogen C orbiculare was also inhibited in the presence of 50 µg ml −1 of rhamnolipid B, although hyphal growth was not affected at this concentration. In the glasshouse, the efficacy of rhamnolipid B against phytophthora blight was similar to that of metalaxyl on pepper plants when treated just before inoculation with P capsici. Treatment with either at 500 µg ml −1 completely protected pepper plants from phytophthora blight. Rhamnolipid B also suppressed the development of C orbiculare infection on leaves of cucumber plants. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
12.
采用实时荧光PCR技术建立了瓜炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum orbiculare)的检测方法。根据瓜炭疽病菌甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)基因和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)基因序列,设计了该病菌特异性引物和TaqMan探针,并对所设计的引物和探针的反应条件进行了优化。采用本试验建立的实时荧光PCR方法对瓜上的其他菌株及近似菌株进行检测,可将瓜炭疽病菌与其他病原菌区分开。灵敏度试验表明,25μL体系中只要有39.6pg的核酸量就可以被检测到,检测灵敏度达到1.584pg/μL,比普通PCR检测灵敏度高100倍。同时对田间采集的病株和未知样品进行的检测证明了引物和TaqMan探针的特异性。 相似文献
13.
An antifungal substance active against Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk & Mont) Arx was isolated from the methanol extracts of Asarum sieboldii (Miq) Maek rhizomes. High-resolution MS, NMR and UV spectral data confirmed that the antifungal substance is kakuol, 2-hydroxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone. Colletotrichum orbiculare was most sensitive to kakuol, with MIC of 10 microg ml(-1). Kakuol also completely inhibited the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea Pers ex Fr and Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis & Arthur at 50 microg ml(-1) and 30 microg ml(-1), respectively. However, no antimicrobial activity was found against yeast and bacteria even at 100 microg ml(-1). Kakuol exhibited a protective activity against the development of anthracnose disease on cucumber plants. The control efficacy of kakuol against the anthracnose disease was in general somewhat less than that of the commercial fungicide chlorothalonil. This is the first report to demonstrate in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of kakuol against C. orbiculare infection. 相似文献
14.
We investigated direct and indirect effects of compost water extracts (CWEs) from Iljuk-3, Iljuk-7, Shinong-8, and Shinong-9 for the control of anthracnoses caused by Colletotrichum coccodes on pepper and C. orbiculare on cucumber. All tested CWEs significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited in vitro conidial germination and appressorium formation of the fungal pathogens; however, DL-β-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA) failed to inhibit the conidial development of the pathogens. Direct treatments of the CWEs and BABA on pepper and cucumber leaves at 1 and 3 days before or after inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced anthracnose severities; Iljuk-3, Shinong-9, and BABA for pepper and Iljuk-7 for cucumber had more protective activities than curative activities. In addition, root treatment of CWEs suppressed anthracnoses on the plants by the pathogens; however, CWE treatment on lower leaves failed to reduce the diseases on the upper leaves of the plants. The CWE root treatments enhanced not only the expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes CABPR1, CABGLU, CAChi2, CaPR-4, CAPO1, and CaPR-10 in pepper and PR1-1a, PR-2, PR-3, and APOX in cucumber but also the activity of β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and peroxidase and the generation of hydrogen peroxide in pepper and cucumber under pathogen-inoculated conditions. However, the CWE treatments failed to induce the plant responses under pathogen-free conditions. These results indicated that the CWEs had direct effects, reducing anthracnoses by C. coccodes on pepper leaves and C. orbiculare on cucumber leaves through protective and curative effects. In addition, CWE root treatments could induce systemic resistance in the primed state against pathogens on plant leaves that enhanced PR gene expression, defense-related enzyme production, and hydrogen peroxide generation rapidly and effectively immediately after pathogen infection. Thus, the CWEs might suppress anthracnoses on leaves of both pepper and cucumber through primed (priming-mediated) systemic resistance. 相似文献
15.
The bacterial strain GC-B26, which showed strong antifungal and anti-oomycete activity against some plant pathogens, was isolated from a grassland soil in Korea. Based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, GC-B26 was identical to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula. The antibiotic G26A, active against Phytophthora capsici Leonian and Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk & Mont) van Arx, was isolated from the culture filtrates of Ps aeruginosa strain GC-B26 using various chromatographic procedures. The EI mass and UV spectral results indicated that G26A is an analogue of phenazines, having molecular formula C13H8N2O2 (M+, m/z 224.0664). On the basis of NMR spectral data, G26A was confirmed as phenazine-1-carboxylic acid. C orbiculare, P capsici and Pythium ultimum Trow were most sensitive to G26A, with MIC values of approximately 5 microg ml(-1). However, no antimicrobial activity was found against yeasts and bacteria, even at a concentration of over 100 microg ml(-1). Treatment with the antibiotic gave highly significant protective activity against the development of Phytophthora disease on pepper and anthracnose on cucumber plants. The disease control efficacy was only slightly less than that of the commercial fungicides metalaxyl and chlorothalonil. 相似文献
16.
为明确帚枝霉属Sarocladium内生生防真菌HND5菌株外泌激发子蛋白SbES的诱导辣椒抗病作用机理,通过构建SbES蛋白的毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris重组蛋白表达菌株,利用纯化后的SbES重组蛋白处理辣椒植株,检测辣椒对棒孢叶斑病的抗性,以及相关抗病反应与抗病基因表达的变化。结果表明,0.1 mg/mL SbES重组蛋白可有效诱导辣椒产生对棒孢叶斑病的抗性,可激发辣椒叶片活性氧爆发、微过敏反应和胼胝质积累等抗病反应;并能有效提高辣椒叶片中与活性氧爆发、过敏性反应、胼胝质合成和植保素合成等抗病反应相关基因,以及水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯信号传导关键基因的表达。推测帚枝霉属内生真菌激发子蛋白SbES可通过激活多种抗病信号传导途径来激发辣椒产生对棒孢叶斑病的抗性。 相似文献
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18.
9种杀菌剂对西瓜炭疽病菌的室内毒力测定及配比试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为筛选防治西瓜炭疽病的高效低毒杀菌剂, 缓解和治理生产中病菌对药剂的抗性, 在室内离体条件下采用生长速率抑制法及孢子萌发抑制法测定了9种杀菌剂对西瓜炭疽病菌( Colletotrichum orbiculare )的毒力。结果表明, 嘧菌酯、咪鲜胺和甲基硫菌灵对病原菌菌丝生长的EC50在0.093 3~0.118 2 mg/L之间, 均小于1 mg/L, 表明西瓜炭疽病菌对上述杀菌剂比较敏感; 百菌清、烯肟菌酯和戊菌唑的EC50在2.310 1~5.925 9 mg/L, 病菌对药剂的敏感程度相对较低; 代森锰锌、恶霉灵和多菌灵的EC50分别为36.876 3、74.466 6和99.898 5 mg/L, 抑菌活性较差。孢子萌发试验中, 嘧菌酯、咪鲜胺和甲基硫菌灵对病菌孢子萌发的抑制活性最高, EC50在0.069 4~0.167 2 mg/L之间; 百菌清、烯肟菌酯、代森锰锌的抑制活性次之, EC50在1.853 0~9.503 9 mg/L之间; 多菌灵的抑制活性相对最低, EC50为99.335 3 mg/L。将两种不同作用机理的杀菌剂嘧菌酯与咪鲜胺按照2∶1的比例混配, 联合毒力测定和评价结果表明两者混配对抑制西瓜炭疽病菌具有增效作用。 相似文献
19.
The hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare forms appressoria as infection structures and primarily establishes biotrophic infection in cucumber epidermal cells. Subsequently, it develops necrotrophic infection. In the pre-invasion stage, morphogenesis of appressoria of C. orbiculare is triggered by signals from the plant surface. We found that C. orbiculare PAG1 (Perish-in-the-Absence-of-GYP1), a component of MOR [morphogenesis-related NDR (nuclear Dbf2-related) kinase network] plays an essential role as a key component of the plant-specific signaling pathway and that hydrolysis of cutin by a spore surface esterase creates a cutin monomer that constitutes a key plant-derived signal. Development of the infection structure of C. orbiculare is strictly regulated by the cell cycle and we found that proper regulation of G1/S progression via two-component GAP genes, consisting of BUB2 (Budding-Uninhibited-by-Benomyl-2) and BFA1 (Byr-Four-Alike-1) is essential for the establishment of successful infection. In the post-invasion stage, the establishment of the biotrophic phase of hemibiotrophic fungi is crucial for successful infection. We found that C. orbiculare WHI2 (WHIsky-2), an Saccharomyces cerevisiae stress regulator homolog, is involved in the phase transition from biotrophy to necrotrophy through TOR (Target of Rapamycin) signaling, and is thus essential for full pathogenesis. 相似文献
20.
C.‐Y. Liao M.‐Y. Chen Y.‐K. Chen K.‐C. Kuo K.‐R. Chung M.‐H. Lee 《Plant pathology》2012,61(2):262-270
This study showed that Colletotrichum acutatum penetrates the cuticle layer of Capsicum spp. fruits by forming a previously uncharacterized structure from appressoria. This unusual structure was localized in the cuticle layer. The structure, formed within 24 h post‐inoculation (hpi), was a highly branched, well‐differentiated hypha which penetrated the epidermal cell at 72 hpi. The novel structure, with abnormally thick walls (about 250 nm), often formed multiple branches in the affected chilli pepper. This dendroid structure, probably required for penetration, was formed exclusively in the cuticle layer of chilli pepper fruits and was not found when C. acutatum was inoculated onto pepper petals, mango leaves, or fruits of tomato and aubergine. Colletotrichum acutatum produced similar dendroid structures within resistant chilli pepper fruits, but eventually these structures turned dark brown and no further infection in the epidermal cells occurred, implicating the presence of inhibitors of the formation and development of the dendroid penetration structure in the resistant line. 相似文献