共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
瘤胃上皮在挥发性脂肪酸的吸收和代谢中发挥着重要作用，但瘤胃上皮发育的机制尚不清楚。近年来研究报道，瘤胃微生物与宿主存在互作关系，瘤胃微生物可以通过与宿主的相互作用，在瘤胃上皮发育和代谢中发挥作用。然而，瘤胃微生物与宿主相互作用的调节机制在很大程度上是未知的。因此，本文总结了瘤胃微生物与宿主互作以及其促进瘤胃上皮发育的最新研究成果，以期从瘤胃微生物与宿主互作角度，分析瘤胃上皮发育机制，为进一步了解瘤胃上皮发育过程中瘤胃微生物与宿主之间的关系研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
瘤胃是反刍动物至关重要的消化吸收器官，部分降解的营养物质可直接通过瘤胃上皮被机体吸收和利用。因此，瘤胃的发育程度与反刍动物的生产性能密切相关，而瘤胃发育充分且功能健全是反刍动物最佳生产性能得以发挥的前提条件。然而，幼龄反刍动物瘤胃的生理结构及其功能均发育不完善，需在固体饲料、断母乳等外界刺激下完成经由非反刍阶段向反刍阶段转变的复杂过程，进而才可发挥其重要功能。目前，如何掌握并遵循瘤胃的发育规律，在保证瘤胃充分发育且功能完善的情况下，对幼龄反刍动物实施早期断奶技术，已成为现代反刍动物养殖生产中亟需解决的问题之一。作者就反刍动物瘤胃发育进程中瘤胃微生物菌群的时空演变、瘤胃组织形态学发育和代谢改变及瘤胃发育调控机制进行综述，由生理结构至功能逐层对反刍动物瘤胃的发育规律进行全面总结，阐明影响反刍动物瘤胃发育的相关因素及其可能的调控机制。本文旨在进一步丰富与瘤胃发育相关的理论基础，以期为利用瘤胃发育规律开发促进反刍动物瘤胃发育的营养调控策略提供科学支撑，为挖掘幼龄反刍动物的生产潜力提供新思路。 相似文献
3.
《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2019,(4)
Dairy cows rely on a complex ruminal microbiota to digest their host-indigestible feed. Our ability to characterize this microbiota has advanced significantly due to developments in next-generation sequencing. However, efforts to sample the rumen, which typical y involves removing digesta directly from the rumen via a cannula, intubation, or rumenocentesis, is costly and labor intensive. As a result, the majority of studies characterizing the rumen microbiota are conducted on samples col ected at a single time point. Currently, it is unknown whether there is significant day-to-day variation in the rumen microbiota, a factor that could strongly influence conclusion drawn from studies that sample at a single time point. To address this, we examined day-to-day changes in the ruminal microbiota of lactating dairy cows using next-generation sequencing to determine if single-day sampling is representative of sampling across 3 consecutive days. We sequenced single-day solid and liquid fractions of ruminal digesta col ected over 3 consecutive days from 12 cannulated dairy cows during the early, middle, and late stages of a single lactation cycle using the V4 region of the bacterial 16 S r RNA gene. We then generated 97% similarity operational taxonomic units(OTUs) from these sequences and showed that any of the individual samples from a given 3-day sampling period is equivalent to the mean OTUs determined from the combined 3-d data set. This finding was consistent for both solid and liquid fractions of the rumen,and we thus conclude that there is limited day-to-day variability in the rumen microbiota. 相似文献
4.
Hiroto Miura Takuya Hashimoto Yukiko Kawanishi Hiroki Kawauchi Ryo Inoue Noriaki Shoji Kunihiko Saito Mario Sekiya Yosuke Saito Jumpei Yasuda Chiemi Yonezawa Tetsushiro Endo Hirotaka Kasuya Yutaka Suzuki Yasuo Kobayashi Satoshi Koike 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13601
The rumen microbiota comprises a vast range of bacterial taxa, which may affect the production of high-quality meat in Japanese Black cattle. The aim of this study was to identify core rumen microbiota in rumen fluid samples collected from 74 Japanese Black cattle raised under different dietary conditions using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In the rumen of fattening Japanese Black cattle, 10 bacterial taxa, showing >1% average relative abundance and >95% prevalence, irrespective of the dietary conditions and the fattening periods, were identified as the core rumen bacterial taxa, which accounted for approximately 80% of the rumen microbiota in Japanese Black cattle. Additionally, population dynamics of the core rumen bacterial taxa revealed two distinct patterns: Prevotella spp. and unclassified Bacteroidales decreased in the mid-fattening period, whereas unclassified Clostridiales, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus spp., and unclassified Christensenellaceae increased during the same period. Therefore, the present study reports the wide distribution of the core rumen bacterial taxa in Japanese Black cattle, and the complementary nature of the population dynamics of these core taxa, which may ensure stable rumen fermentation during the fattening period. 相似文献
5.
本试验旨在研究湖羊羔羊早期断奶前后的瘤胃发酵与微生物区系变化,为幼龄反刍动物瘤胃发育变化理论以及羔羊的早期培育等提供依据。选择初生重接近的湖羊公羔(3.81 kg±0.55 kg)16只,1~7日龄饲喂母乳,8日龄与母羊分离,开始饲喂代乳粉(按8日龄体重的2%,分3次等量饲喂)和开食料(自由采食),35日龄断奶。分别于断奶前(21日龄)、后(42日龄)各选择5只羔羊进行屠宰,采集瘤胃内容物,测定瘤胃发酵、酶活和微生物区系。结果表明,断奶后羔羊的瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及纤维素酶和α-淀粉酶活性均极显著高于断奶前(P<0.01)。断奶后瘤胃菌群多样性和丰富度均低于断奶前(P<0.05)。断奶前后的优势菌门均为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),其中,拟杆菌门为第一优势菌门,在断奶前后分别占61.96%和65.36%,厚壁菌门为第二优势菌门,在断奶前后分别占32.08%和24.03%;两菌门之和在断奶前后分别占瘤胃总菌门的94.04%和89.39%。断奶前后的优势菌属均为unidentified_Prevotellaceae,分别占21.85%和38.49%。断奶前后羔羊瘤胃微生物的功能没有显著变化,都主要集中在复制和修复、碳水化合物代谢和翻译等途径。以上结果说明,羔羊早期断奶后的瘤胃发酵和酶活增强,菌群多样性和丰富度有所降低,在早期断奶前后的优势菌群和功能相似。 相似文献
6.
《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2017,(2)
In the last five decades, attempts have been made to improve rumen fermentation and host animal nutrition through modulation of rumen microbiota. The goals have been decreasing methane production, partially inhibiting protein degradation to avoid excess release of ammonia, and activation of fiber digestion. The main approach has been the use of dietary supplements. Since growth-promoting antibiotics were banned in European countries in2006, safer alternatives including plant-derived materials have been explored. Plant oils, their component fatty acids,plant secondary metabolites and other compounds have been studied, and many originate or are abundantly available in Asia as agricultural byproducts. In this review, the potency of selected byproducts in inhibition of methane production and protein degradation, and in stimulation of fiber degradation was described in relation to their modes of action. In particular, cashew and ginkgo byproducts containing alkylphenols to mitigate methane emission and bean husks as a source of functional fiber to boost the number of fiber-degrading bacteria were highlighted. Other byproducts influencing rumen microbiota and fermentation profile were also described. Future application of these feed and additive candidates is very dependent on a sufficient, cost-effective supply and optimal usage in feeding practice. 相似文献
7.
《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(3):883-895
Colonization and development of the gut microbiome is a crucial consideration for optimizing the health and performance of livestock animals. This is mainly attributed to the fact that dietary and management practices greatly influence the gut microbiota, subsequently leading to changes in nutrient utilization and immune response. A favorable microbiome can be implanted through dietary or management interventions of livestock animals, especially during early life. In this review, we explore all the possible factors (for example gestation, colostrum, and milk feeding, drinking water, starter feed, inoculation from healthy animals, prebiotics/probiotics, weaning time, essential oil and transgenesis), which can influence rumen microbiome colonization and development. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of potential strategies used to manipulate gut development and microbial colonization to improve the production and health of newborn calves at an early age when they are most susceptible to enteric disease. Moreover, we provide insights into possible interventions and their potential effects on rumen development and microbiota establishment. Prospects of latest techniques like transgenesis and host genetics have also been discussed regarding their potential role in modulation of rumen microbiome and subsequent effects on gut development and performance in neonatal ruminants. 相似文献
8.
9.
Kaizhen Liu Yangdong Zhang Zhongtang Yu Qingbiao Xu Nan Zheng Shengguo Zhao Guoxin Huang Jiaqi Wang 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(1):49
Rumen microbiota has a close and intensive interaction with the ruminants. Microbiota residing in the rumen digests and ferments plant organic matters into nutrients that are subsequently utilized by the host, making ruminants a unique group of animals that can convert plant materials indigestible by humans into high-quality animal protein as meat and milk. Many studies using meta-omics technologies have demonstrated the relationships between rumen microbiome and animal phenotypes associated with nutrient metabolism. Recently, the causality and physiological mechanisms underpinning the host–microbiota interactions have attracted tremendous research interest among researchers. This review discusses the host–microbiota interactions and the factors affecting these interactions in ruminants and provides a summary of the advances in research on animal husbandry. Understanding the microbiota composition, the functions of key bacteria, and the host–microbiota interaction is crucial for the development of knowledge-based strategies to enhance animal productivity and host health. 相似文献
10.
本试验旨在研究湖羊羔羊早期断奶前后的瘤胃发酵与微生物区系变化，为幼龄反刍动物瘤胃发育变化理论以及羔羊的早期培育等提供依据。选择初生重接近的湖羊公羔（3.81 kg±0.55 kg）16只，1~7日龄饲喂母乳，8日龄与母羊分离，开始饲喂代乳粉（按8日龄体重的2%，分3次等量饲喂）和开食料（自由采食），35日龄断奶。分别于断奶前（21日龄）、后（42日龄）各选择5只羔羊进行屠宰，采集瘤胃内容物，测定瘤胃发酵、酶活和微生物区系。结果表明，断奶后羔羊的瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及纤维素酶和α-淀粉酶活性均极显著高于断奶前（P<0.01）。断奶后瘤胃菌群多样性和丰富度均低于断奶前（P<0.05）。断奶前后的优势菌门均为拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes），其中，拟杆菌门为第一优势菌门，在断奶前后分别占61.96%和65.36%，厚壁菌门为第二优势菌门，在断奶前后分别占32.08%和24.03%；两菌门之和在断奶前后分别占瘤胃总菌门的94.04%和89.39%。断奶前后的优势菌属均为unidentified_Prevotellaceae，分别占21.85%和38.49%。断奶前后羔羊瘤胃微生物的功能没有显著变化，都主要集中在复制和修复、碳水化合物代谢和翻译等途径。以上结果说明，羔羊早期断奶后的瘤胃发酵和酶活增强，菌群多样性和丰富度有所降低，在早期断奶前后的优势菌群和功能相似。 相似文献
11.
12.
Satoshi Koike Machiho Ueno Nobuhisa Ashida Tomokazu Imabayashi Yasuo Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13580
We aimed to assess the effect of feeding Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on the growth and rumen microbiota in the preweaned calves. Twelve newborn Japanese Black calves were randomly allocated to either the control (n = 6) or the treatment (n = 6) groups in the present study. Calves in the treatment group were offered B. subtilis C-3102 supplemented milk replacer throughout the preweaning period. Rumen fermentation during the first 21 days of life seemed to be slightly suppressed by feeding B. subtilis C-3102. This fermentation shift was probably attributed to the lower abundance of the core members of rumen microbiota until 21 days of age in the calves fed B. subtilis C-3102. However, feeding B. subtilis C-3102 did not influence the abundance of the core members of rumen microbiota at 90 days of age. Distribution of Sharpea spp. and Megasphaera spp., which potentially contribute to low methane production and are regarded as beneficial rumen bacteria, was higher in the rumen of calves fed B. subtilis C-3102 at 90 days of age. These results suggest that B. subtilis C-3102 supplementation in milk replacer could potentially contribute to the improvement of feed efficiency after weaning via the establishment of beneficial rumen bacteria. 相似文献
13.
14.
Haoming Wu Qui D. Nguyen Tu T. M. Tran Minh T. Tang Takeshi Tsuruta Naoki Nishino 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(3):445-452
Microbiota of the gut, milk, and cowshed environment were examined at two dairy farms managed by automatic milking systems (AMS). Feed, rumen fluid, feces, milk, bedding, water, and airborne dust were collected and the microbiota on each was assessed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The most abundant taxa in feed, rumen fluid, feces, bedding, and water were Lactobacillaceae, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae, respectively, at both farms. Aerococcaceae was the most abundant taxon in milk and airborne dust microbiota at farm 1, and Staphylococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae were the most abundant taxa in milk and airborne dust microbiota at farm 2. The three most prevalent taxa (Aerococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Ruminococcaceae at farm 1 and Staphylococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Ruminococcaceae at farm 2) were shared between milk and airborne dust microbiota. Indeed, SourceTracker indicated that milk microbiota was related with airborne dust microbiota. Meanwhile, hierarchical clustering and canonical analysis of principal coordinates demonstrated that the milk microbiota was associated with the bedding microbiota but clearly separated from feed, rumen fluid, feces, and water microbiota. Although our findings were derived from only two case studies, the importance of cowshed management for milk quality control and mastitis prevention was emphasized at farms managed by AMS. 相似文献
15.
2007~2008年国际反刍动物营养研究进展
Ⅰ.瘤胃微生物多样性和功能 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着试验生物学和生物信息学的快速发展,对瘤胃微生物的多样性和功能开展了系统的研究。笔者综述了2007～2008年在CNKI、ADSA ASAS大会和PubMed等数据库中与瘤胃微生物分子多态性和元基因组学相关的32篇文献。瘤胃微生物群落在“属”分类水平上多样性水平较低,在亚种或菌株水平上表现出极大的多样性,多样性指数估计表明,瘤胃内细菌种类约为900多种,而菌株类型（独特序列型）约为97000种。瘤胃微生物群落结构受到宿主遗传背景、生长发育阶段、日粮、环境条件等多种因素的影响。瘤胃微生物组中蕴藏了大量具有应用潜力的遗传资源,这些结果为准确了解瘤胃微生物群落结构、功能及其调控方式提供了重要的基础。 相似文献
16.
正常稳定的瘤胃微生物区系是反刍动物瘤胃健康的重要指标,且在瘤胃结构形态发育、微生物定植模式、免疫功能调节及抵御外源致病因子侵袭等方面发挥着重要积极作用。最近研究表明,新生反刍动物瘤胃微生物组成相对单一,但随着早期瘤胃发育过程中不同微生物群落相继开始定植并占据不同的生态位,此时的营养干预可能会形成特定的微生物群落组合并产生持久影响,这为进一步提高反刍动物生产性能和健康水平提供了更好的长期策略。本研究主要从3个方面详细综述了早期营养干预对瘤胃微生态系统发育的最新研究成果,包括探索幼龄反刍动物瘤胃形态及功能发育、寻找影响早期瘤胃微生物群落定植的因素及最佳调控“窗口期”的选择,并对宿主与微生物群落间的免疫互作进行简要剖析,以期为通过早期营养干预调控瘤胃微生物区系,提高反刍动物生产性能来应对全球畜牧业挑战,并为提高秸秆纤维利用率及抑制甲烷排放提供理论依据。 相似文献
17.
18.
本试验旨在研究野生林麝(Moschus berezovskii)瘤胃、小肠和大肠微生物组成和抗生素抗性基因。采集野生林麝消化道3个区段(瘤胃、小肠和大肠)的内容物进行宏基因组测序,并进行常规物种注释和抗生素抗性基因功能注释。结果表明:3个区段共有优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria);瘤胃中主要优势菌属为普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、月形单胞菌属(Selenomonas),小肠中主要优势菌属为链球菌属(Streptococcus)、埃希氏菌属(Echerichia),大肠中主要优势菌属为梭菌属(Clostridium)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)。基因常规注释显示各个区段微生物基因在不饱和脂肪酸合成和抗生素抗性上差异较大。抗生素抗性基因注释显示macB、sav1866和bcrA绝对丰度最高,且都来自于大肠细菌;瘤胃中抗生素抗性基因绝对丰度最大的是Aminocoumarin_resistant_alaS,小肠中是adeG,大肠中是macB。通过对野生林麝消化道微生物组成分区段比对,发现瘤胃、小肠和大肠微生物组成和抗生素抗性基因分布存在较大差异,大肠和小肠中细菌与野生林麝的多重耐药性关系更密切。 相似文献
19.
Shuhei Takizawa Ryoki Asano Yasuhiro Fukuda Yasunori Baba Chika Tada Yutaka Nakai 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13653
Rumen microorganisms produce various fibrolytic enzymes and degrade lignocellulosic materials into nutrient sources for ruminants; therefore, the characterization of fibrolytic enzymes contributing to the polysaccharide degradation in the rumen microbiota is important for efficient animal production. This study characterized the fibrolytic isozyme activities of a rumen microbiota from four groups of housed cattle (1, breeding Japanese Black; 2, feedlot Japanese Black; 3, lactating Holstein Friesian; 4, dry Holstein Friesian). Rumen fluids in all cattle groups showed similar concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and reducing sugars, whereas acetic acid contents and pH were different among them. Predominant genera were commonly detected in all cattle, although the bacterial compositions were different among cattle groups. Zymograms of whole proteins in rumen fluids showed endoglucanase activities at 55 and 57 kDa and xylanase activity at 44 kDa in all cattle. Meanwhile, several fibrolytic isozyme activities differed among cattle groups and individuals. Treponema, Succinivibrio, Anaeroplasma, Succiniclasticum, Ruminococcus, and Butyrivibrio showed positive correlations with fibrolytic isozyme activities. Further, endoglucanase activity at 68 kDa was positively correlated with pH. This study suggests the characteristics of fibrolytic isozyme activities and their correlations with the rumen microbiota. 相似文献
20.
本试验旨在探究不同蛋白源日粮条件下添加乳酸链球菌素（nisin）对育肥湖羊瘤胃发酵及微生物菌群结构的影响。试验采用2×2因子设计,两因子分别为蛋白源[豆粕（SBM）、干玉米酒精糟及其可溶物（DDGS）]和nisin （添加水平为0或30.5 mg·kg-1 DM）,两两组合,配制4种等氮等能日粮。选取32只体重（23±2） kg的断奶湖羊公羔,按照随机区组设计,根据体重分为2个区组（低体重组,16只;高体重组,16只）,每个区组的湖羊随机分配到4个组并分别饲喂对应日粮,单栏饲喂。试验预饲期1周,正式期9周,试验期结束时每组从高、低体重区组中各随机选取3只湖羊（共24只）进行屠宰,采集瘤胃内容物,提取微生物基因组DNA,利用Illumina MiSeq测序和Real-time qPCR方法分析瘤胃微生物菌群结构。研究结果表明,除Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group和Unclassified Bacteroidetes相对丰度外,日粮蛋白源与nisin对其他所有测定指标（瘤胃发酵参数、瘤胃菌群数量、瘤胃细菌多样性及相对丰度等）均不存在交互作用（P>0.05）。日粮添加nisin对所有测定指标均无显著影响（P>0.05）。与饲喂豆粕湖羊相比,饲喂DDGS湖羊瘤胃乙酸、氨态氮浓度及总支链脂肪酸（BCVFA）浓度显著降低（P<0.05）。qPCR结果显示,饲喂不同蛋白源日粮湖羊瘤胃总菌、真菌及甲烷菌数量均无显著差异（P≥0.053）,但相对于饲喂豆粕湖羊而言,饲喂DDGS湖羊瘤胃内原虫和嗜氨梭菌（C.aminophilum）数量显著降低（P<0.05）。Illumina-MiSeq测序结果表明,饲喂DDGS湖羊瘤胃内细菌Chao1指数和ACE指数显著升高（P<0.05）。不同日粮处理组在门水平上的优势菌门均为Bacteroidetes及Firmicutes;在属水平各处理组的主要优势菌属为Prevotella 1、Christensenellaceae R-7 group和Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group。饲喂不同蛋白源湖羊瘤胃细菌在门水平上并未产生显著影响（P≥0.14）;在属水平上,饲喂DDGS湖羊瘤胃Pseudobutyrivibrio和Roseburia丰度均显著高于饲喂豆粕湖羊（P<0.05）,而Butyrivibrio 2以及Ruminococcaceae UCG-005的相对丰度显著低于饲喂豆粕湖羊（P<0.05）。综上所述,使用DDGS作为日粮蛋白源改变了湖羊瘤胃发酵参数及微生物菌群结构,原虫和C.aminophilum数量的降低可能是导致瘤胃氨态氮浓度显著降低的主要原因;日粮添加30.5 mg·kg-1 DM的nisin对育肥期湖羊瘤胃发酵参数及微生物菌群结构均无显著影响。 相似文献