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1.
L. Shen A.H. Estrada E. Côté M.A. Powell B. Winter K. Lamb 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(2):144-152
Introduction
To determine the relationship between aortoseptal angle (AoSA) and the short- and long-term systolic pressure gradient (PG) reduction following combined cutting and high-pressure balloon valvuloplasty (CB/HPBV) in dogs with severe subaortic stenosis.Animals
Retrospective study of 22 client-owned dogs of various breeds with severe subaortic stenosis (mean left ventricular to aortic PG = 143 mmHg; range = 80–322 mmHg) that underwent CB/HPBV.Materials and methods
Initial angiographic and left apical and right-sided parasternal long-axis view echocardiographic video loops were used for measuring the angle between the plane of the interventricular septum and the longitudinal axis of the ascending aorta. The PG reduction ratio immediately after CB/HPBV and 6 and 12 months later were compared with AoSA.Results
Weak correlations were observed for all instances of PG reduction ratio and AoSA type. Significantly greater mean differences of PG reduction ratio were observed for angles >160° than for angles <160° at 24 h (>160° mean: 54.45, standard error [SE]: ±3.8; <160° mean: 39.88, SE: ±2.09), 6 months (>160° mean: 57.73, SE: ±10.9; <160° mean: 28.22, SE: ±3.42), and 12 months (>160° mean: 76.11, SE: ±17.5; <160° mean: 27.61, SE: ±6.44; p=0.003).Conclusions
Dogs with AoSA >160° on right-sided parasternal long-axis view echocardiograms responded with a greater PG reduction following CB/HPBV than did dogs with AoSA <160°. This suggests that AoSA is associated with long-term outcomes of CB/HPBV, and measurement could help in the evaluation of dogs that are candidates for CB/HPBV. 相似文献2.
Objectives
To determine the prevalence of mitral valve regurgitation (MR) in asymptomatic Swedish Norfolk terriers.Animals
Seventy-nine privately owned Norfolk terriers.Materials and methods
A prospective observational study was conducted where dogs were recruited via the Swedish Norfolk terrier club. All dogs were examined using the same protocol including physical examination and Doppler echocardiography.Results
Fifteen dogs (19%) had a murmur at the time of the examination. A total of 35 dogs (44%) had MR, including 23 dogs (29%) with both MR and tricuspid valve regurgitation and 12 dogs (15%) with MR only, identified on Doppler echocardiography. In addition, 7 dogs (9%) had tricuspid valve regurgitation only. The prevalence of MR increased with increasing age (p < 0.0001).Conclusions
Mitral valve regurgitation is common in asymptomatic Norfolk terriers with and without murmurs and the prevalence increases with age. The impact of MR in this breed on survival remains to be elucidated by a longitudinal study. 相似文献3.
Gianluca Bini Enzo Vettorato Chiara De Gennaro Federico Corletto 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(4):557-565
Objective
To compare the efficacy and side effects of postoperative methadone administered according to pain score (PS) or every 4 hours (Q4), after unilateral uncomplicated tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs in which a peripheral nerve block (PNB) was administered.Study design
Retrospective, case-control study.Animals
Clinical records of dogs that underwent a TPLO in 2015 were retrieved; 136 out of 174 dogs were included: 52 assigned to group PS, 84 to group Q4.Methods
In group PS, methadone was administered according to the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF), whereas in group Q4 methadone was administered at 4 hour intervals. Demographic data, anaesthetic technique, surgery time, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, PNB performed, local anaesthetic used and dose, anti-inflammatory drugs administered, end-expiratory fraction of isoflurane, perioperative opioid consumption, time to first postoperative methadone administration, pain scores, time to first pain score, food intake, number of postoperative observations, presence/absence of specific keywords representing the general state and behaviour of the animal, use of the operated limb and reaction to wound palpation were retrieved. Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, Student t test or Mann–Whitney U test were used, considering p < 0.05 significant. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, when indicated.Results
Four times more methadone was administered to dogs in group Q4, and whilst not having lower pain scores or better short-term outcome (e.g. toe-touching and weight bearing), were 23.42 times (1.37 to 400.40) more likely to vomit, 3.76 (1.50 to 9.49) more likely to vocalize, and their food intake was 38% less than dogs in group PS. No dogs in group PS vomited postoperatively.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Administration of methadone Q4 caused more side effects than administration guided by CMPS-SF. This should be considered when planning postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing uncomplicated TPLO and in which a PNB has been performed. 相似文献4.
Objective
To assess the reaction of client-owned dogs to intravenous (IV) catheter placement after applying a local anaesthetic (EMLA) or placebo cream for either 30 or 60 minutes.Study design
Prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.Animals
A total of 202 client-owned dogs of various breeds.Methods
With owner consent, dogs were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: EMLA 60 minutes, EMLA 30 minutes, Placebo 60 minutes and Placebo 30 minutes. After the cream was applied for the allocated time, an IV catheter was placed and the behavioural reaction of the dog was scored. The reaction score was analysed using a Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney U tests of the multiple pairwise comparisons, with Bonferroni correction.Results
A large number of dogs, even in the placebo groups, did not react to IV catheter placement. However, the Kruskal–Wallis test showed an overall difference between treatment groups (χ2 = 11.029, df = 3, p = 0.012). The pairwise comparisons showed a lower overall reaction score in the EMLA 60 group than in the EMLA 30 and Placebo 60 groups (adjusted p = 0.018 and adjusted p = 0.044, respectively).Conclusions and clinical relevance
This study shows that EMLA cream applied for 60 minutes reduces the behavioural reaction of dogs to IV catheter placement; therefore, this intervention can be advocated for routine use in veterinary medicine to enhance the welfare of dogs undergoing IV catheter placement. 相似文献5.
Yael Shilo-Benjamini Peter J. Pascoe Erik R. Wisner Nili Kahane Philip H. Kass David J. Maggs 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):925-932
Objective
To compare injectate distribution and likelihood of regional anesthesia to the orbit following retrobulbar (RB) or peribulbar (PB) injections in dog cadavers.Study design
Randomized, masked study.Animals
Twenty-four dog cadavers (aged 5.5–17 years, 2.0–36.3 kg).Methods
Orbits underwent one of three injection techniques with bupivacaine 0.5% and iohexol (1:1): ventrolateral RB injection (1–2 mL; 15 orbits), medial canthal PB injection (2–8 mL; PB-1; 16 orbits), or dorsomedial and ventrolateral PB injections (each 1–4 mL; PB-2; 16 orbits). The likelihood of successful regional anesthesia was estimated based on computed tomographic images scored for injectate volume of distribution at the base and within the extraocular muscle cone (EOMC), and injectate distribution around the optic nerve. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before and after injections. Mixed-effects linear regression with post hoc Bonferroni contrast adjustments was performed. Significance was set at 0.05.Results
A difference in injectate volume of distribution within or at the base of the EOMC was not detected among groups. The median optic nerve circumference of injectate distribution was significantly higher in the RB injected group than in the PB-2 group. Injectate distribution following RB, PB-1 and PB-2 injections was graded as likely to provide regional anesthesia within the EOMC in 40%, 19% and 31% of eyes, and at the EOMC base in 60%, 63% and 50% of eyes, respectively. The probability of likelihood to provide regional anesthesia was lower in dogs of higher body weights. The IOP was significantly higher than baseline following PB-1 (18 ± 14 mmHg) and in comparison with RB (2 ± 3 mmHg), but not different from PB-2 injection (10 ± 11 mmHg).Conclusions and clinical relevance
None of the techniques reliably produced ‘successful’ injectate distribution based on this study's definitions; however, clinical assessment of anesthetic success is required. 相似文献6.
Introduction
An important aspect of heart failure is the progressive ineffectiveness of the salutary natriuretic peptide system and its secondary messenger, 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In humans with acute heart failure, administration of exogenous natriuretic peptide is associated with improvement in clinical signs and reduction of cardiac filling pressures. This study aimed to determine the feasibility, tolerance, and safety of subcutaneous (SC) synthetic canine B-type natriuretic peptide (syncBNP) administration in dogs.Animals
Six privately owned dogs.Materials and methods
Dogs were enrolled in a modified 3 + 3 phase I trial. Three dogs initially received doses of 2.5 and 5 μg/kg SC syncBNP followed by an additional three dogs dosed at 5 and 10 μg/kg. Hemodynamic monitoring was performed for 120 min after each injection. Blood and urine samples were collected at 45 and 120 min after injection of 5 μg/kg. Major adverse clinical events that would potentially halt testing were pre-defined.Results
Four healthy dogs and two dogs with stage B1 mitral valve disease were recruited. Synthetic canine B-type natriuretic peptide was well tolerated at all doses. Synthetic canine B-type natriuretic peptide at 5 μg/kg significantly increased median plasma cGMP (baseline cGMP, 131.5 pmol/mL [range, 91.9–183.6 pmol/mL]; 45 min, 153.6 pmol/mL [140.3–214.3 pmol/mL]; 120 min, 192.7 pmol/mL [139.1–240.1 pmol/mL]; p=0.041).Discussion and conclusions
We report for the first time administration of syncBNP in privately owned dogs. Administration of SC syncBNP was feasible, well tolerated, safe, and increased plasma cGMP concentration. Further studies using exogenous syncBNP for treatment of heart disease are warranted. 相似文献7.
Randolph L. Winter Ashley B. Saunders Sonya G. Gordon Jesse S. Buch Matthew W. Miller 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(2):124-131
Introduction
To determine the biologic variability of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) in healthy dogs and dogs with various stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).Animals
Thirty-eight privately owned dogs: 28 with MMVD and 10 healthy controls.Materials and methods
Prospective clinical study with comprehensive evaluation used to group dogs as healthy or into three stages of MMVD based on current guidelines. NTproBNP was measured hourly, daily, and weekly. For each group, analytical (CVA), within-subject (CVI), and between-subject (CVG) coefficients of variability were calculated in addition to percent critical change value (CCV) and index of individuality (IoI).Results
For healthy dogs, calculated NTproBNP values were: CVA = 4.2%; CVI = 25.2%; CVG = 49.3%; IoI = 0.52, and CCV = 70.8%. For dogs with MMVD, calculated NTproBNP values were: CVA = 6.2%; CVI = 20.0%; CVG = 61.3%; IoI = 0.34, and CCV = 58.2%.Conclusions
Biologic variability affects NTproBNP concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD. Monitoring serial individual changes in NTproBNP may be clinically relevant in addition to using population-based reference ranges to determine changes in disease status. 相似文献8.
Chi Won Shin Won-gyun Son Min Jang Hyunseok Kim Hyungjoo Han Jeesoo Cha Inhyung Lee 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):13-21
Objective
To determine the optimal endotracheal tube size in Beagle dogs using thoracic radiography.Study design
Prospective, randomized, crossover experimental study.Animals
A total of eight healthy adult Beagle dogs.Methods
Lateral thoracic radiographs were used to measure the internal tracheal diameter at the thoracic inlet. This measurement was multiplied by 60, 70 and 80% to determine the outer diameter of the endotracheal tube for each dog. In each treatment, medetomidine (5 μg kg?1) was administered intravenously (IV) for premedication. Anesthesia was induced with alfaxalone (2 mg kg?1) IV and maintained with isoflurane. After induction of anesthesia, the resistance to passage of the endotracheal tube through the trachea was scored by a single anesthesiologist. Air leak pressures (Pleak) were measured at intracuff pressures (Pcuff) of 20 and 25 mmHg (27 and 34 cmH2O). The results were analyzed using Friedman tests and repeated measures anova.Results
There were statistically significant increases in resistance as the endotracheal tube size increased (p = 0.003). When Pcuff was 20 mmHg, mean Pleak for the 60, 70 and 80% treatments were 9.7 ± 6.7, 16.2 ± 4.2 and 17.4 ± 3.9 cmH2O, respectively, but no significant differences were found. When Pcuff was 25 mmHg, mean Pleak for the 60, 70 and 80% treatments were 10.6 ± 8.5, 19.7 ± 4.9 and 20.8 ± 3.6 cmH2O, respectively, and statistically significant increases were found between treatments 60 and 70% (p = 0.011) and between treatments 60 and 80% (p = 0.020). Three dogs in the 80% treatment had bloody mucus on the endotracheal tube cuff after extubation.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Results based on resistance to insertion of the endotracheal tube and the ability to achieve an air-tight seal suggest that an appropriately sized endotracheal tube for Beagle dogs is 70% of the internal tracheal diameter measured on thoracic radiography. 相似文献9.
Melissa D. Smith Michele Barletta Kathryn A. Diehl Erik H. Hofmeister Samuel P. Franklin 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(1):36-42
Objective
To compare the effect of propofol and ketamine/diazepam for induction following premedication on intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy dogs.Study design
Prospective, quasi-experimental, unmasked, longitudinal.Animals
A total of 61 client-owned dogs.Methods
Dogs were anesthetized twice with a 4 week washout period. Premedication with dexmedetomidine (5 μg kg–1) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg–1) intramuscularly was followed by either propofol (4 mg kg–1) or ketamine (5 mg kg–1) and diazepam (0.25 mg kg–1) intravenously for induction and inhaled isoflurane for maintenance. IOP was measured by applanation tonometry using TonoPen-XL before premedication and after 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes. IOP was measured again immediately after induction and after 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 minutes. Data were analyzed using one- or two-way repeated measures ANOVA.Results
No difference was found between right and left IOP (p = 0.45), and data from both the eyes of each dog were averaged and considered as one set of data. Following premedication, IOP was significantly lower at all time points than at baseline when animals were grouped together, mean difference –1.6 ± 0.2 mmHg (p < 0.05). IOP increased immediately (12.2 ± 2.4 mmHg before versus 17.1 ± 3.8 mmHg after) and at 3, 5 (p < 0.001), 10 and 40 minutes (p = 0.009 and 0.045, respectively) after propofol administration. For ketamine/diazepam, IOP was increased immediately post-induction (13.0 ± 2.7 mmHg before versus 14.7 ± 2.8 mmHg after) and at 3, 5 (p < 0.001), 30 and 40 minutes (p = 0.010 and 0.037, respectively).Conclusions and clinical relevance
Sedation with hydromorphone and dexmedetomidine significantly decreased IOP in normal dogs and may be an appropriate choice for dogs that cannot tolerate acute increases in IOP. However, IOP increased significantly after both induction protocols, abolishing the effect of premedication. 相似文献10.
Nicola Wiedemann Nicolai Hildebrandt Gabriel Wurtinger Estelle Henrich Esther Hassdenteufel Matthias Schneider 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(3):247-255
Background
Increased cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration has been reported in dogs with atrioventricular (AV) block before and shortly following pacemaker implantation. The role of AV dyssynchrony, age, or concurrent cardiac disease on cTnI concentration remains unknown.Objectives
To investigate change in cTnI concentration following dual-chamber pacemaker implantation on short- and long-term follow-up and to compare cTnI values to a case-matched control group.Animals
Thirty-eight client-owned dogs with permanent AV block and 38 matched control dogs.Methods
Retrospective review of medical records. Pacemaker group consisted of dogs with AV block and dual-chamber pacing. Control group matched the study population in age and cardiac disease. cTnI was compared between pacemaker and control group on short- and long-term follow-up. Different lead types and influence of arrhythmia on cTnI were tested.Results
cTnI was high at presentation (median 0.66 ng/ml; range 0.03–18.6) and showed a significant reduction over time after pacemaker implantation (p < 0.0001). Median cTnI values were significantly different between pacemaker and control group on short-term (p = 0.0004; 0.11 ng/ml, range 0.03–1.36 versus 0.06 ng/ml, range 0.03–0.46), but not on long-term follow-up (p = 0.0547; 0.14 ng/ml, range 0.03–0.73 versus 0.07 ng/ml, range 0.03–0.46). Lead type and severity of arrhythmia did not show a significant correlation to cTnI concentration.Conclusions
On long-term follow-up, cTnI remained mildly elevated in some of the pacemaker dogs but was not significantly different to the matched control group. 相似文献11.
Maja J. Drozdzynska Yu-Mei Chang Giacomo Stanzani Ludovic Pelligand 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):22-30
Objectives
Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) based on pulse pressure variation (PPV) was used in anaesthetized dogs undergoing abdominal surgeries. The aims were 1) to evaluate the success rate of the PPV ≥13% in detecting fluid responsiveness [delta stroke volume (ΔSV) ≥10%]; 2) to assess the correlation between PPV, systolic pressure variation (SPV), Plethysmograph Variability Index (PVI) and central venous pressure (CVP) and 3) to establish the threshold value for the PVI that would predict a PPV value of ≥13% and indirectly discriminate responders from nonresponders to fluid therapy.Study design
Clinical, prospective, interventional study.Animals
A total of 63 client-owned dogs scheduled for abdominal procedures.Methods
PPV and SPV were calculated manually from the invasive blood pressure trace on the Datex monitor. PVI was recorded from the Masimo pulse oximeter. Fluid challenge (10 mL kg?1 Compound Sodium Lactate) was performed when PPV was ≥13% and/or mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mmHg. Fluid responsiveness was assessed by the transoesophageal Doppler probe. Cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, MAP, PPV, SPV, PVI, SV and if available, CVP) were measured before and after each fluid intervention.Results
PPV ≥ 13% reliably predicted fluid responsiveness in 82.9% of cases. There was positive correlation between PPV and SPV (r = 0.84%), PPV and logPVI (r = 0.46) as well as SPV and logPVI (r = 0.45). Noninvasive PVI value ≥13% should predict PPV threshold value (13%) with 97% sensitivity and 68% specificity. There was no statistically significant correlation between PPV and CVP.Conclusions
PPV is a useful clinical tool to detect occult hypovolaemia and predict cardiovascular response to fluid challenge. Use of PPV is recommended as a part of GDFT in dogs undergoing abdominal procedures. 相似文献12.
Elizabeth A. Hoffman Turi K. Aarnes Carolina H. Ricco Pereira Phillip Lerche Richard M. Bednarski Mary A. McLoughlin 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(6):754-759
Objective
To determine the effect of oral trazodone on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs.Study design
Prospective blinded, single-observer, randomized crossover experimental study.Animals
Six adult (age 6.8 ± 1.6 months) healthy dogs (three males and three females), weighing 24.8 ± 3.4 kg (mean ± standard deviation).Methods
Each dog was anesthetized twice with a minimum of 7 days between anesthetic episodes. Dogs were randomly assigned to be administered two treatments in a crossover design: premedication with trazodone (8 mg kg?1; TRAZ–ISO) orally 2 hours prior to an anesthetic episode or no (ISO). Dogs were anesthetized with intravenous propofol (6 mg kg?1) and isoflurane in >95% oxygen. Isoflurane MAC was determined using an iterative bracketing technique with electrodes placed in the buccal mucosa. Hemodynamic variables were compared at the lowest end-tidal isoflurane concentration at which each dog did not respond. A paired t test was used to assess the effect of treatment on outcome variables with significance set to a value of p < 0.05.Results
The MAC concentration (mean ± standard deviation) in dogs administered TRAZ–ISO was 0.85 ± 0.17% compared with 1.02 ± 0.11% in those administered ISO (p = 0.01, 95% confidence interval ?0.25 to ?0.05), resulting in a mean MAC reduction of 17 ± 12%. There were no differences in hemodynamic variables between treatments.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Premedication of dogs with oral trazodone (8 mg kg?1) 2 hours prior to anesthetic induction has a significant isoflurane MAC sparing effect with no significant observed hemodynamic benefit. 相似文献13.
Irene Dimopoulou Tilemahos L. Anagnostou Nikitas N. Prassinos Ioannis Savvas Michael Patsikas 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1189-1197
Objective
To test the efficacy of intraoperative intrafragmentary administration of bupivacaine (haematoma block) in controlling postoperative pain in dogs undergoing osteosynthesis of long-bone isolated diaphyseal fractures.Study design
Randomized, ‘blinded’, placebo-controlled, prospective study.Animals
A total of 23 client-owned dogs with isolated long-bone fractures.Methods
Dogs were allocated randomly to two groups: bupivacaine group (B) or placebo group (P). Group B dogs (n = 11) were administered an intraoperative intrafragmentary injection of 0.5% bupivacaine (1.1 mg kg–1) just before fracture fixation, whereas group P dogs (n = 12) were administered normal saline. Postoperative pain evaluations using the University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) and algometer were performed upon arrival to the recovery room and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 20 and 32 hours later. Algometer measurements were performed on: the incision site, a healthy region near the fracture line and the contralateral healthy limb. When the pain score exceeded 14 points in the UMPS, rescue analgesia was administered. The time-standardised area under the curve (AUCst) was used to compare UMPS scores and mechanical pain thresholds between the two groups.Results
None of the group B dogs required rescue analgesia, whereas eight of the 12 group P dogs did (p = 0.001). The pain threshold AUCst at the incision line was higher in group B [16.3 (2.9–41.6) N] than in group P [5.6 (2.5–17.4) N] (p = 0.029). The mean UMPS score AUCst was lower in group B (3.7 ± 1.8) than in group P (9.4 ± 4.6) (p = 0.016). In a small number of animals of both groups that were evaluated radiologically, adequate bone healing was noted.Conclusions and clinical relevance
An intraoperative bupivacaine haematoma block is a simple, quick and effective method that can be used to aid in postoperative pain control in dogs submitted to long-bone osteosynthesis. 相似文献14.
Carolina Meira Fabiola B. Joerger Annette P.N. Kutter Andreas Waldmann Simone K. Ringer Stephan H. Böehm Samuel Iff Martina Mosing 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(2):145-157
Objective
To compare the efficacy of three continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interfaces in dogs on gas exchange, lung volumes, amount of leak during CPAP and rebreathing in case of equipment failure or disconnection.Study design
Randomized, prospective, crossover, experimental trial.Animals
Ten purpose-bred Beagle dogs.Methods
Dogs were in dorsal recumbency during medetomidine–propofol constant rate infusions, breathing room air. Three interfaces were tested in each dog in a consecutive random order: custom-made mask (M), conical face mask (FM) and helmet (H). End-expiratory lung impedance (EELI) measured by electrical impedance tomography was assessed with no interface (baseline), with the interface only (No-CPAP for 3 minutes) and at 15 minutes of 7 cmH2O CPAP (CPAP-delivery). PaO2 was assessed at No-CPAP and CPAP-delivery, partial pressure of inspired carbon dioxide (PICO2; rebreathing assessment) at No-CPAP and the interface leak (ΔPleak) at CPAP-delivery. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).Results
During CPAP-delivery, all interfaces increased EELI by 7% (p < 0.001). Higher ΔPleak was observed with M and H (9 cmH2O) in comparison with FM (1 cmH2O) (p < 0.001). At No-CPAP, less rebreathing occurred with M (0.5 kPa, 4 mmHg) than with FM (1.8 kPa, 14 mmHg) and with H (1.4 kPa, 11 mmHg), but also lower PaO2 was measured with M (9.3 kPa, 70 mmHg) than with H (11.9 kPa, 90 mmHg) and FM (10.8 kPa, 81 mmHg).Conclusions and clinical relevance
All three interfaces can be used to provide adequate CPAP in dogs. The leak during CPAP-delivery and the risk of rebreathing and hypoxaemia, when CPAP is not maintained, can be significant. Therefore, animals should always be supervised during administration of CPAP with any of the three interfaces. The performance of the custom-made M was not superior to the other interfaces. 相似文献15.
R.A. Santilli M. Mateos Pañero D.M. Porteiro Vázquez A. Perini M. Perego 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(5):384-397
Introduction
Accessory pathways (APs) in dogs are mostly right-sided, display nondecremental conduction, and mediate atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardias (AVRTs). Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is considered the first-line therapy in human patients to abolish electrical conduction along APs.Animals
Seventy-six consecutive client-owned dogs.Material and Methods
Retrospective study to describe the precise anatomical distribution and the electrophysiologic characteristics of APs in a large population of dogs and to evaluate long-term success and complication rates of RFCA.Results
Eighty-three APs were identified in 76 dogs (92.1% with single APs and 7.9% with multiple APs); 96.4% were right-sided, 3.6% left-sided. Conduction along the APs was unidirectional and retrograde in 68.7% of the cases and bidirectional in 31.3%. Accessory pathways presented retrograde decremental properties in 6.5% of the cases. They mediated orthodromic AVRT in 92.1% of the cases and permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia in 6.5%. In one case, no AVRT could be induced. In 97.4% of dogs, RFCA was attempted with an acute success rate of 100%. In 7.7% of cases, recurrence of the tachycardia occurred within 18 months, followed by a second definitively successful ablation. A major complication requiring pacemaker implantation was identified in 2.6% of dogs.Discussion
Accessory pathway distribution and electrophysiologic properties in these 76 dogs were similar to previous report. Long-term success and complication rates of RFCA in dogs appeared very similar to results of humans.Conclusion
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of APs can be performed with a high success rate and low incidence of complications. 相似文献16.
Introduction
The time from the onset of the P wave on electrocardiogram to the peak of late diastolic wave signal (PA-TDI interval) recorded by left atrial pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (PW-TDI) is a surrogate of the total atrial conduction time, and it can predict the development of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in people. This study investigated whether PA-TDI interval measured with PW-TDI at the level of lateral aspect of the mitral valve annulus could identify dogs which developed AF within 6 months after echocardiography.Animals
Forty-two dogs with different cardiac diseases were included; 21 dogs developed AF within 6 months after echocardiography (AF group) and 21 dogs did not (non-AF group). Each AF case was matched with a non-AF case for body weight and left atrium:aortic root ratio.Methods
This was a retrospective study. Review of signalment, underlying disease and echocardiography data were included. PA-TDI interval was measured offline from acquired PW-TDI images. PA-TDI interval and standard echocardiographic variables were compared between groups. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to identify the best AF predictor. Univariate and multivariate regression were used to evaluate predictors of PA-TDI interval.Results
The AF group had significantly greater 2D left atrial maximal diameter, left-ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume, M-Mode LV internal diameter and LV end-systolic volume index. PA-TDI was significantly longer in the AF group, and it was superior to other echocardiographic variables in predicting AF development within 6 months (AUC = 0.896).Conclusions
PA-TDI interval measured with PW-TDI at the lateral mitral valve annulus may identify dogs at risk of developing AF. 相似文献17.
Denise T. Fantoni Keila K. Ida André M. Gimenes Matheus M. Mantovani Jacqueline R. Castro Geni C.F. Patrício Aline M. Ambrósio Denise A. Otsuki 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):710-718
Objective
To investigate whether pulse pressure variation (PPV) can predict fluid responsiveness in healthy dogs during clinical surgery.Study design
Prospective clinical study.Animals
Thirty-three isoflurane-anesthetized dogs with arterial hypotension during orthopedic surgery.Methods
Fluid challenge with lactated Ringer's solution (15 mL kg?1 in 15 minutes) was administered in mechanically ventilated dogs (tidal volume 10 mL kg?1) with hypotension [mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 65 mmHg]. The volume expansion was considered effective if cardiac output (CO; transesophageal Doppler) increased by ≥ 15%. Cardiopulmonary data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and Spearman coefficient; p < 0.05 was considered significant.Results
Effective volume expansion, mean ± standard deviation 42 ± 4% increase in CO (p < 0.0001) was observed in 76% of the dogs, resulting in a decrease in PPV (p < 0.0001) and increase in MAP (p < 0.0001), central venous pressure (CVP; p = 0.02) and ejection fraction (p < 0.0001) compared with before the fluid challenge. None of these changes occurred when volume expansion resulted in a nonsignificant CO increase of 4 ± 5%. No significant differences were observed in blood gas analysis between responsive and nonresponsive dogs. The increase in CO was correlated with the decrease in PPV (r = ?0.65; p < 0.0001) but absolute values of CO and PPV were not correlated. The PPV performance (ROC curve area: 0.89 ± 0.06, p = 0.0011) was better than that of CVP (ROC curve area: 0.54 ± 0.12) and MAP (ROC curve area: 0.59 ± 0.13) to predict fluid responsiveness. The best cut-off for PPV to distinguish responders and nonresponders was 15% (50% sensitivity and 96% specificity).Conclusions and clinical relevance
In mechanically ventilated, healthy, isoflurane-anesthetized dogs, PPV predicted fluid responsiveness to volume expansion, and MAP and CVP did not show such applicability. 相似文献18.
D. Caivano M. Rishniw F. Birettoni V. Patata M.E. Giorgi F. Porciello 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(2):102-114
Introduction
Left atrial (LA) function can provide useful information in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Recently, we have demonstrated the feasibility of measuring LA longitudinal deformation using speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) to estimate LA function in healthy dogs. Whether LA strain and strain rate variables provide additional information about LA function and clinical cardiac status in dogs with MMVD remains unexplored.Animals
Ninety-six client-owned dogs of different breeds with MMVD were prospectively enrolled.Methods
LA longitudinal deformation was evaluated in each dog by STE and different STE variables were used to assess LA function.Results
No STE variables differed between American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Stage B1 and B2 dogs but were lower in Stage C dogs. Peak atrial longitudinal average strain < 27.9%, left-atrial-to-aortic ratio > 2.2 and peak atrial contraction average strain < 7.25% discriminated symptomatic MMVD dogs by receiver operating characteristic analysis with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91–100%), 92% (95% CI 78–98%) and 98% (95% CI 87–100%), 100% (95% CI 91–100%) and 95% (95% CI 83–99%), respectively. In 12 dogs with similar left-atrial-to-aortic ratio, peak atrial longitudinal average strain and peak atrial contraction average strain differentiated dogs with subclinical disease from those with congestive heart failure (CHF).Conclusion
Dogs with MMVD in CHF appear to have lower LA longitudinal strain and strain rate variables compared with dogs with subclinical disease. Further studies are needed to establish if our initial findings can provide useful information for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of dogs with MMVD. 相似文献19.
M. Claretti D. Pradelli S. Borgonovo E. Boz C.M. Bussadori 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(6):415-424
Objectives
The objective is to describe the clinical, radiographic, echocardiographic and angiographic findings in dogs with systemic-to-pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (SPAVF).Animals
Thirteen medical records of client-owned dogs with a diagnosis of SPAVF were reviewed/analysed.Methods
This is a retrospective study of case records. Thoracic radiography, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), three-dimensional TEE, intracardiac echocardiography, fluoroscopy-guided or computed tomography (CT) angiography were carried out.Results
Based on the TTE, SPAVF was identified in seven of the included dogs. In eight cases, TEE and angiography were both performed and confirmed the diagnosis. Computed tomography angiography was performed in three dogs. A case was diagnosed by TEE alone, another one by three-dimensional TEE and the latter by intracardiac echocardiography.Conclusions
Transthoracic echocardiography identified seven cases of SPAVF, while definitive diagnosis in the remaining dogs required selective angiography or computed tomography angiography. 相似文献20.
David Dickson Domenico Caivano Jose Novo Matos Nuala Summerfield Mark Rishniw 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(6):469-479