共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
绿豆象又名豆牛、豆猴,是绿豆、小豆的主要仓库害虫.绿豆象成虫将卵散产于种子表面,孵化后幼虫蛀入粒中危害,10～17 d化蛹,蛹4～5 d羽化成虫.成虫寿命一般5～20 d,第2～4 d卵量最大.一年发生四五代,在24～30℃时繁殖最快,也在田间繁殖危害,10℃以下停止发育.一般被蛀的绿豆、小豆种子中空或种内成粉状,丧失发芽能力,严重时全部贮存种子被蛀空.为了保证绿豆、小豆种子的净度和发芽率,保证农业生产用种安全,可采取以下几种办法防治. 相似文献
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棉花品种的抗虫性和抗虫鉴定技术研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
棉花品种抗虫鉴定是棉花品种区域试验中的重要组成部分。棉花品种区域试验中的抗虫鉴定主要对象是红铃虫和棉铃虫。抗虫鉴定方法为网室接虫鉴定,红铃虫的接虫密度是平均每10m2网室接5对成虫;棉铃虫的接虫密度为每10m2网室接虫2对;所接虫源雌雄各占50%。抗红铃虫鉴定指标为种子虫害率;抗棉铃虫鉴定指标为棉株生长点和蕾、花、棉铃受害率。根据棉花受害率将品种的抗虫性分为免疫(I),高抗(HR),抗虫(R),中抗(MR),感虫(S)和高感(HS)共6级。 相似文献
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利用多杀霉素结合控制绿豆含水量，测试对绿豆象的致死效果，以期减少多杀霉素的使用量，延缓抗性的产生。控制绿豆含水量采用拌种法测试了多杀霉素对绿豆象成虫与卵的致死效果。结果表明，绿豆象卵与成虫的死亡率随多杀霉素浓度的增加和绿豆含水量的降低而升高；绿豆象卵对多杀霉素更敏感，利用多杀霉素对绿豆象成虫的亚致死LC10浓度处理绿豆象的卵，其死亡率高达65%以上。建议利用多杀霉素控制绿豆象时，将绿豆含水量控制在9.5%～11.5%范围较佳。研究结果为绿豆的绿色仓储治理提供了参考。 相似文献
4.
为给综合治理绿豆象提供理论支撑,在室内(28±2℃)条件下,饲养绿豆象,并观察了6种豆类对绿豆象发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明:绿豆象的卵孵化后,幼虫仅在绿豆、红小豆、大豆上可蛀入危害;在绿豆、红小豆和大豆上的世代发育历期分别为26.50、29.90、52.00天;在绿豆、红小豆、大豆上的存活率分别为52.11%、56.45%、1.60%;绿豆象成虫在不同豆种上的产卵历期差异不显著(P0.05);但雌成虫在不同豆种上的产卵量差异显著(P0.05)。综上认为绿豆象的发育和繁殖明显受储粮豆类的影响。 相似文献
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低温对不同虫态烟草甲的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用低温处理方法,对不同虫态烟草甲进行处理。研究结果表明,各虫态烟草甲耐低温的顺序从高到低依次是:幼虫、成虫、卵。-20℃处理,各虫态烟草甲死亡率都为100%;-10℃低温条件下,处理1h以上,烟草甲卵和成虫全部死亡,处理72h以上,烟草甲幼虫全部死亡;5℃处理72h以上,烟草甲卵不再孵化,5℃处理20d不能使烟草甲幼虫和成虫完全致死,但影响幼虫化蛹和成虫产卵。各温度处理中烟草甲幼虫最终羽化率为0,成虫单雌产卵量为0。0℃,5℃卵最高孵化率均为41.67%。对照中幼虫最终羽化率为77%、卵最终孵化率为52%。 相似文献
6.
重组近交系群体定位绿豆抗绿豆象基因 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
绿豆象是对绿豆危害最严重的仓储害虫,检测和利用抗绿豆象基因是控制该害虫最经济有效的方法。利用高感豆象绿豆栽培种Berken和高抗豆象绿豆野生种ACC41亚种内杂交得到的重组近交系（RIL）群体及据此构建的1个包含79个RFLP分子标记的遗传图谱,通过对3个种植环境条件下收获的RIL群体进行2年的室内人工接虫鉴定,评价其抗绿豆象表现。QTL作图结果表明,在第9连锁群mgM213~VrCS161标记之间的1个QTL在2年3点试验中均被检测到,贡献率在74.05%~79.27%,是抗绿豆象主效基因。该QTL的加性效应值为负,表明来自父本ACC41的这个位点的等位基因可以提高绿豆对绿豆象的抗性。本研究结果对开展绿豆抗绿豆象育种以及抗绿豆象基因的精细定位和克隆有重要意义。 相似文献
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以4个抗豆象绿豆品系B18、B20、B24和A22为试材,以感虫绿豆品种晋绿1号为对照,研究了不同绿豆中胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性及其在高温、酸碱及超声波下绿豆的胰蛋白酶抑制剂稳定性。结果表明,4个抗豆象绿豆品种胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性均显著高于对照感虫品种,且均与对照在0.01水平差异极显著,其中B18活性最高,高达70.2TI U g–1,B20和A22活性次之,B24活性最差,但仍高达55.2 TI U g–1。4个抗豆象绿豆品种在不同温度、不同p H和不同振幅超声波下,残余活性均比对照高,且残余活性均随温度升高、温浴时间延长而降低,p H在2~12之间,随p H值的升高,残余活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且p H值为6~8之间残余活性最高,残余活性也随超声波辐射强度升高、时间延长而降低,且4个抗虫品种中B18的耐高温性、耐酸碱性和耐辐射性最强,B20次之,B24的耐高温性、耐酸碱性最差,A22耐辐射性最差,说明在不同温度、p H和超声波处理后,B18、B20是抗豆象绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂残余活性保存最高的2个品种,应用价值较大。 相似文献
10.
为了研究小白菜对黄曲条跳甲的抗虫性鉴定方法,采用田间自然鉴定法,参照小菜蛾危害分级标准,比较了黄曲条跳甲成虫为害48个品种小白菜的叶面积损失百分率。结果表明,现行的小菜蛾危害分级标准不适用于黄曲条跳甲成虫;进一步分析发现48个品种小白菜叶片的叶面积损失百分率与其叶片孔洞数显著正相关(r=0.354),表明计数叶片受害孔洞数可以用来鉴定小白菜对黄曲条跳甲成虫的抗虫性。为了创新小白菜对黄曲条跳甲的抗虫性种质资源,采用"叶片受害孔洞计数法"筛选了100个品种小白菜对黄曲条跳甲成虫的抗虫性,得到了5个相对抗虫品种(‘新矮青-9’、‘新夏春3号’、‘918’、‘泰国种子-2’、‘夏冠’)和5个相对感虫品种(‘楚青325-6’、‘青优’、‘鸡毛菜’、‘12#耐抽苔青梗×668-1’、‘富士’),5个相对抗虫品种孔洞数间均无差异,但均极显著低于5个相对感虫品种,这些材料为小白菜抗虫育种奠定了基础。 相似文献
11.
Huei-Mei Chen Hsin-Mei Ku Roland Schafleitner Tejinderjit S. Bains C. George Kuo Chien-An Liu Ramakrishnan M. Nair 《Euphytica》2013,191(2):205-216
Mungbean yellow mosaic Indian virus (MYMIV) and bruchid infestation are severe production constraints of mungbean in South Asia, a major global mungbean production area. Marker-assisted selection for resistance against these disorders while maintaining or even improving agronomic traits is an important step toward breeding elite mungbean varieties. This study employed recombinant inbred lines (F12) derived from a cross between MYMIV-tolerant Vigna radiata NM92 and bruchid-resistant V. radiata ssp. sublobata TC1966 to identify chromosomal locations associated with disease and insect pest resistance and seed traits. A linkage map comprising 11 linkage groups was constructed with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR), cleaved amplified polymorphic DNA (CAP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for MYMIV and bruchid resistance, 100 seed weight and seed germination rate were identified. Three major QTLs for MYMIV and one major bruchid resistance locus were mapped on LG 9. The resistance alleles were contributed by the MYMIV tolerant parent NM92 and the bruchid resistant parent TC1966 respectively. One of the MYMIV QTLs was tightly linked in repulsion phase to the bruchid resistance locus. In addition, three minor QTLs for MYMIV resistance were found, where the resistance alleles were contributed by TC1966. Lines combining MYMV resistance alleles from both parents have greater resistance to MYMIV than the tolerant parent. Two minor bruchid resistance QTLs were identified in TC1966. Furthermore, three QTLs each for 100 seed weight and germination rate were detected. The markers defining the QTLs identified in this study will be useful in marker-assisted breeding of improved mungbean varieties in the future. 相似文献
12.
Bruchid beetles or seed weevils are the most devastating stored pests of grain legumes causing considerable loss to mungbean
(Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Breeding for bruchid resistance is a major goal in mungbean improvement. Few sources of resistance in cultivated
genepool were identified and characterized, however, there has been no study on the genetic control of the resistance. In
this study, we investigated the inheritance of seed resistance to Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) and C. maculatus (F.) in two landrace mungbean accessions, V2709BG and V2802BG. The F1, F2 and BC generations were developed from crosses between the resistant and susceptible accessions and evaluated for resistance
to the insects. It was found that resistance to bruchids in seeds is controlled by maternal plant genotype. All F1 plants derived from both direct and reciprocal crosses exhibited resistance to the bruchids. Segregation pattern of reaction
to the beetles in the F2 and backcross populations showed that the resistance is controlled by a major gene, with resistance is dominant at varying
degrees of expressivity. Although the presence of modifiers was also observed. The gene is likely the same locus in both V2709BG
and V2802BG. The resistant gene is considered very useful in breeding for seed resistance to bruchids in mungbean. 相似文献
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玉米丝黑穗病菌冬孢子萌发湿度及云南玉米新品种抗性鉴定研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在22℃和有萌发的玉米种子及土壤湿度为20％～25％条件下,有利于玉米丝黑穗病菌冬孢子萌发,但在无玉米种子时,则不能萌发。采用1%冬孢子制作的带菌土接种方法于2007年和2008年在两个病圃鉴定了云南省302份玉米新品种对丝黑穗病的抗性。结果表明,高抗、抗病、中抗、感和高感品种分别为65份,118份,27份,86份和6份,各占供试材料的21.45﹪,38.94﹪,8.91﹪,28.38﹪和1.98﹪。依据株发病率就是损失率的特点,建议在重病区,只宜推广抗病和高抗品种。 相似文献
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绿豆种质资源苗期抗旱性鉴定 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：10
鉴定筛选苗期抗旱绿豆种质,对改良绿豆品种抗旱性、促进绿豆产业发展具有重要意义,同时,也为"绿豆抗旱性鉴定评价技术规范"的制定提供方法和信息支撑。本研究以70份绿豆种质为材料,采用苗期反复干旱法,测定幼苗存活率、萎蔫指数、株高、叶片鲜重、叶片干重、叶片含水量、生物量和胁迫指数等指标,分析各指标间的相关性,结果显示第1次旱胁迫后的幼苗存活率与第2次旱胁迫后的幼苗存活率呈极显著正相关;萎蔫指数、株高与幼苗存活率呈极显著负相关,故遴选出第1次旱胁迫幼苗存活率、萎蔫指数和株高为绿豆苗期抗旱性评价的适宜指标。采用隶属函数法,综合分析划级,获得高抗旱种质16份、抗旱种质20份,中抗种质23份、敏感种质8份和极敏感种质3份。以第1次旱胁迫幼苗存活率、萎蔫指数和胁迫株高分别评价绿豆的抗旱性并与综合评价结果相比较,一致率分别为70.0%、58.6%和51.4%。认为第1次旱胁迫幼苗存活率可以作为大规模绿豆种质苗期抗旱筛选的鉴定指标。 相似文献
16.
Belay Miesho Mehari Hailay Ulemu Msiska Awio Bruno Geoffrey M. Malinga Patrick Obia Ongom Richard Edema Paul Gibson Patrick Rubaihayo Samuel Kyamanywa 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(5):605-613
Cowpea is an important legume crop widely grown in sub‐Saharan Africa for food and feed. However, it is largely challenged by bruchid, a serious storage pest resulting in losses in quantity and quality of grains. Therefore, this research was designed to contribute to the breeding of cowpea resistance to bruchid through the identification of candidate genes associated with resistance to bruchid. A total of 217 mini‐core cowpea accessions were genotyped and phenotyped for their reactions to bruchid. To determine the genomic regions linked with bruchid resistance, 41,948 polymorphic SNP markers were used. Genome‐wide association study identified 11 SNPs linked to the average number of eggs, holes, insect emergence and development period and Dobie susceptibility index. Gene search via Phytozome identified six candidate genes (Vigun08g132300, Vigun08g158000, Vigun06g053700, Vigun02g131000, Vigun01g234900 and Vigun01g201900) associated with the resistance traits. These candidate genes could be incorporated into the farmers preferred but susceptible cowpea varieties to bruchid. The SNP markers associated with the resistance traits can be used in marker‐assisted breeding for accurate and rapid screening of cowpea resistant genotypes to bruchid. 相似文献
17.
The effectiveness of evaluating wild species: searching for sources of resistance to bruchid beetles in the genus Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Norihiko Tomooka Kouichi Kashiwaba Duncan A. Vaughan Masao Ishimoto Yoshinobu Egawa 《Euphytica》2000,115(1):27-41
A species level germplasm collection representing 76% of known taxa in the genus Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis was evaluated for resistance to two species of bruchid beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis and C. maculatus. Seven taxa consisting of 29 accessions were found to be resistant to C. chinensis and 4 taxa consisting of 24 accessions were found to be resistant to C. maculatus. This compared with no resistant accessions being found in several hundred landrace accessions of mungbean, V. radiata var. radiata, in the same subgenus. Sometimes resistance was found in all accessions of a particular taxon, such as complete resistance
to both C. chinensis and C. macualtus in V. umbellata. Other taxa showed intra taxon variation for resistance such as V. reflexo-pilosa andV. minima. The levels and patterns of resistance among taxa were diverse. The results suggest that various factors cause resistance
to bruchid in the subgenus Ceratotropis. While the number of eggs laid on seeds generally reflected seed size, one small seeded cultivar of V. mungo var. mungo, black gram, had an unusually high number of eggs laid per seed. No correlation was found between seed size and levels of
resistance. The species level germplasm collection, which reflects the core collection concept in trying to maximize genetic
diversity in a limited number of accessions, has enabled a large number of potentially useful sources of resistance to bruchid
beetles to be found efficiently.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
辐射诱变是作物育种行之有效的途径之一,但绿豆诱变育种研究相对落后。用300、400、500、600、700Gy 5个剂量的60Co辐射处理籽粒大小不同的冀绿10号、冀绿15和V1128 3个品种的干籽粒种子,分析后代出苗率和主要农艺性状的变异情况,并对后代材料进行突变体选择。结果表明,不同辐射剂量60Co对不同籽粒大小的绿豆品种有不同的辐射效果,其中,对大、中籽粒品种冀绿10号和冀绿15的出苗有明显的抑制作用,而对小籽粒品种V1128的出苗有明显的促进作用;高剂量辐射对绿豆后代营养体性状中主茎分枝数影响最大,使单株荚数和产量有显著增加的趋势,但对荚长和单荚粒数有一定的抑制作用;通过后代连续选择,获得了无分枝、雄性不育及荚型特异等稳定遗传的变异材料。可为绿豆辐射育种提供理论依据,创新的变异材料可供今后遗传研究及育种利用。 相似文献
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对抗豆象资源中蕴藏的抗豆象基因进行定位, 是对其充分利用的前提和基础。本研究通过对抗豆象栽培绿豆V1128和感豆象栽培绿豆冀绿7号杂交形成的F2分离群体进行抗豆象鉴定, 分析V1128抗豆象遗传规律; 并利用混合群体分离分析法(BSA法)筛选抗感池间的多态性标记, 进而利用QTL IciMapping 4.0对V1128抗豆象基因进行染色体定位分析。结果表明, V1128对绿豆象的抗性由具有主效作用的显性单基因控制, 暂命名其为“Br3”。在将抗豆象性状作为质量性状的条件下, 按照显性单基因的定位方法, 将抗豆象基因Br3定位在绿豆染色体5上, 位于标记DMB158和VRBR-SSR033 (标记VRID5、VRBR-SSR032与VRBR-SSR033的连锁群位置相同)之间, 两侧遗传距离分别为4.4 cM和5.8 cM, 所在物理区间约288 kb。将抗豆象性状作为数量性状, 采用完备区间作图法(ICIM)对种子被害率进行QTL定位, 同样在标记DMB158和VRBR-SSR033之间检测到1个主效QTL, 其LOD值为38.04, 可以解释表型变异(PVE)的71.64%, 来自父本V1128的等位基因具有明显减少种子被害率的效应。该研究结果可以为绿豆抗豆象分子标记辅助育种及抗豆象基因Br3的精细定位和克隆提供有用信息。 相似文献