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1.
塔里木沙漠公路风沙危害形成研究   总被引:30,自引:10,他引:30  
塔里木沙漠公路南北横贯塔里木盆地 ,全长 5 6 2km ,其中近 80 %的路段穿行于塔克拉玛干沙漠之中 ,是世界上穿越流动沙漠最长的等级公路 ,因而风沙危害是制约沙漠公路正常运行的主要病害。研究表明 ,1)沙漠公路沿线风力强劲 ,沙丘形态各异 ,地表组成物质松散 ,为风沙危害形成提供了动力条件和奠定了物质基础 ;作为风沙危害的受灾对象 ,沙漠公路防沙体系结构以及公路纵横断面也直接作用于风沙危害形成过程 ;2 )沙漠公路风沙危害主要源于防沙体系沙物质的侵入和防沙体系内部因近地面气流变异而产生的风蚀与堆积 ;目前沙漠公路风沙危害的主体是防沙体系 ,危害的形式包括风蚀、风沙流滞留积沙和沙丘前移压埋。  相似文献   

2.
本语文通过对塔里木沙漠公路肖塘段至塔中段的风沙危害和现有防沙体系进行评价,指出了2公路沿线防沙体系存在的问题,并给出了沿线防护体系的合理宽度模型及模拟计算结果。  相似文献   

3.
本文通过对塔里木沙漠公路肖塘段(起始段)至塔中段的风沙危害和现有防沙体系进行评价,指出了目前公路沿线防沙体系存在的问题,并给出了沿线防护体系的合理宽度模型及模拟计算结果。  相似文献   

4.
为了对阿拉尔—和田沙漠公路(阿和公路)机械防沙体系进行有针对性的维护,对阿和公路沿线机械防沙体系布设和风沙危害状况进行了实地调查,利用GIS空间分析功能,分析评价了沿线防沙体系危害状况及其空间分异。结果表明:1防沙体系中不同防沙措施风沙危害程度差异较大。其中,草方格风沙危害较轻,受灾较重和严重的路段总长100 km,占全线的24.8%;而阻沙栅栏危害较重,危害严重的路段总长199 km,占全线的49.3%,主要集中在沙漠公路的中段和偏南段。2公路防沙体系东西两侧风沙危害程度差异较大。在K227~K311路段,东侧危害程度明显大于西侧;而在红白山南北80 km范围内,西侧危害程度明显大于东侧。3在Ⅰ~Ⅴ地貌类型区,防沙体系危害程度值依次是0.67、0.75、0.79、0.80和0.70,Ⅰ区的风沙危害程度较轻,Ⅱ、Ⅴ区的危害程度中等,Ⅲ、Ⅳ区的危害程度较重。防沙体系受灾较轻的路段主要分布在北部和南端,受灾严重的区段主要集中在公路中段和偏南段(K382~K582)。  相似文献   

5.
塔里木沙漠公路风沙危害研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
通过分析沙漠公路不同时段和地段风沙危害的特点 ,找出了从北向南风沙危害强度趋于减弱 ,公路及防沙体系受害程度逐渐降低的规律。注意到防沙体系所受风沙危害类型和程度在公路东西两侧和不同地貌部位差异明显。并且查明随着时间推移 ,公路受害面积扩大 ,重型沙害所占比例明显增长的公路沙害发展状况。  相似文献   

6.
库布齐沙漠穿沙公路沙害综合防治技术   总被引:20,自引:4,他引:20  
库布齐穿沙公路修建在库布齐沙漠高大的流动沙丘区 ,风沙流侵袭与沙丘整体前移埋压公路是主要沙害形式。现有防沙措施是沙障保护下的人工植被及天然植被相结合的综合防护体系 ,固沙及阻沙效益明显。目前要解决的是尽快形成公路两侧稳定的植被群落 ,以保证公路的长期畅通  相似文献   

7.
本文以新地—麻黄沟高速公路防沙体系效益为依据,探讨分析了高速公路沙害的特点以及防沙体系建设的基本要求。研究表明,高速公路沙害防治需要采取适当抬高路基,建立稳固的防沙体系并要适当加大防护带宽度的综合措施。该地区公路防沙体系的结构配置对干旱、半干旱沙漠地区高速公路沙害防治具有一定的借鉴作用。  相似文献   

8.
塔中沙漠油田基地路生物防沙体系建设的可行性分析   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
通过对塔中沙漠油田基地立地条件和支持条件的分析研究表明,在塔中沙漠油田基地路建设生物防沙体系,只要选择的树种得当,灌溉方式和造林技术合理,在具有依托条件的情况下,建立公路生物防护体系是完全可行的。在结构布局上要与已布设的机械防护措施相配合,充分发挥机械措施的防护效益和保护作用。在苗木栽植时可根据不同的立地条件采取相应的措施,造林季节选择在早春和秋末均可。  相似文献   

9.
对阿拉尔-和田沙漠公路沿线机械防沙体系内外地表风沙沉积物进行了系统采样,运用沉积物的粒度分析方法,以流沙区为对照,对比分析了沙漠公路机械防沙体系中阻沙区和固沙区内风沙沉积物的粒度特征。研究发现:(1)从流沙区到阻沙区,再到固沙区,风沙沉积物的粗砂、中砂含量逐渐降低,极细砂、粉砂含量逐渐增加,阻沙区内风沙沉积物的平均粒径减小了31.0%,固沙区内风沙沉积物的平均粒径减小了47.2%。(2)流沙区、阻沙区和固沙区内蠕-跃截点的平均值分别为1.296Φ、1.647Φ、2.188Φ,跃-悬截点的平均值分别为3.893Φ、4.089Φ、4.292Φ,各运动组分的截点均向细端偏移,并且各运动组分的含量也发生了变化,阻沙区和固沙区内蠕移组分含量分别降低了2.378%、5.837%,悬移组分含量分别增加了4.26%、4.294%。(3)固沙区沙粒的分选性最好,偏度SK的平均值为-0.059,表现为近对称,峰态KG为0.939-0.987,表现为中等峰态。  相似文献   

10.
塔中一号公路防沙体系不同地貌部位风沙危害差异研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
塔中一号沙漠公路是塔里木盆地石油物资运输的主要干线之一 ,它深入沙漠腹地 ,走向与风向夹角很大 ,因此沙害严重且频繁。通过对公路防沙体系实地调查测量 ,得出以下结论 :垄间平沙地沙害较轻 ,以风沙流滞留积沙为主 ,固沙带平均全埋宽度 9.0 9m;沙垄迎风坡较严重 ,平均全埋宽度 0 .94m、压埋 1 .96m、风蚀 0 .43m;垄顶最严重 ,平均全埋宽度 1 5 .5 9m、压埋 6.68m、风蚀 3.1 5 m;沙垄背风坡较轻 ,平均全埋宽度 2 .85 m,压埋 0 .0 4 m。  相似文献   

11.
Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world,especially in the arid desert regions.Combating desertification,therefore,is an urgent task on a regional or even global scale.The Taklimakan Desert in China is the second largest mobile desert in the world and has been called the'Dead Sea'due to few organisms can exist in such a harsh environment.The Taklimakan Desert Highway,the longest desert highway(a total length of 446 km)across the mobile desert in the world,was built in the 1990s within the Taklimakan Desert.It has an important strategic significance regarding oil and gas resources exploration and plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of southern Xinjiang,China.However,wind-blow sand seriously damages the smoothness of the desert highway and,in this case,mechanical sand control system(including sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards)was used early in the life of the desert highway to protect the road.Unfortunately,more than 70%of the sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards have lost their functions,and the desert highway has often been buried and frequently blocked since 1999.To solve this problem,a long artificial shelterbelt with the length of 437 km was built along the desert highway since 2000.However,some potential problems still exist for the sustainable development of the desert highway,such as water shortage,strong sandstorms,extreme environmental characteristics and large maintenance costs.The study aims to provide an overview of the damages caused by wind-blown sand and the effects of sand control measures along the Taklimakan Desert Highway.Ultimately,we provide some suggestions for the biological sand control system to ensure the sustainable development of the Taklimakan Desert Highway,such as screening drought-resistant species to reduce the irrigation requirement and ensure the sound development of groundwater,screening halophytes to restore vegetation in the case of soil salinization,and planting cash crops,such as Cistanche,Wolfberry,Apocynum and other cash crops to decrease the high cost of maintenance on highways and shelterbelts.  相似文献   

12.
在世界上第二大流动沙漠-塔克拉玛干沙漠中,修筑长500余km的塔里木沙漠公路,其难度之在,当属世界前列。本文训这一工程实施中,适用的沙漠公路选线技术进行了系统研究,其中,沙漠公路布设原则的研究及选定;沙漠公路的几何特征与沙害对应关系的研究,沙漠公路的测设技术及主要技术指标的选定以及从地貌方面研究的沙漠公路防护等,都为沙漠公路的成功修筑提供了保证。  相似文献   

13.
GAO Li 《干旱区科学》2022,14(9):993-1008
Guardrail, an important highway traffic safety facility, is mainly used to prevent vehicles from accidentally driving off the road and to ensure driving safety. Desert highway guardrails hinder the movement of wind-blown sand, resulting in the decline of sand transportation by the pavement and the deposition of sand gains on the pavement, and endangering traffic safety. To reveal the influence of guardrails on sand transportation of desert highway pavement, we tested the flow field and sand transport volume distribution around the concrete, W-beam, and cable guardrails under different wind velocities through wind tunnel simulation. Wind velocity attenuation coefficients, sand transportation quantity, and sand transportation efficiency are used to measure sand transportation of highway pavement. The results show that the sand transportation of highway pavement was closely related to the zoning characteristics of flow field and variation of wind velocity around the guardrails. The flow field of the concrete guardrail was divided into deceleration, acceleration, and vortex zones. The interaction between the W-beam guardrail and wind-blown sand was similar to that of lower wind deflector. Behind and under the plates, there were the vortex zone and acceleration zone, respectively. The acceleration zone was conducive to transporting sand on the pavement. The cable guardrail only caused wind velocity variability within the height range of guardrail, and there was no sand deposition on the highway pavement. When the cable, W-beam, and concrete guardrails were used, the total transportation quantities on the highway pavement were 423.53, 415.74, and 136.53 g/min, respectively, and sand transportation efficiencies were 99.31%, 91.25%, and 12.84%, respectively. From the perspective of effective sand transportation on the pavement, the cable guardrail should be preferred as a desert highway guardrail, followed by the W-beam guardrail, and the concrete guardrail is unsuitable. The study results provide theoretical basis for the optimal design of desert highway guardrails and the prevention of wind-blown sand disasters on the highway pavement.  相似文献   

14.
龙羊峡库区风沙现状及其对库区的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
龙羊峡水库位于青海南山和鄂拉山之间的共和盆地。库区周围有二百多万亩沙漠,风沙对水库及库区环境影响较大。本文根据以往的调查材料及近几年的观测,简述如下。  相似文献   

15.
沙漠油田基地路生物防沙试验段林木生长状况   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3  
对沙漠油田基地路生物防沙技术示范工程中不同立地条件下所种植的梭梭、柽柳、沙拐枣三类灌木的生长状况进行了调查,对盐水灌溉后各种立地类型的沙地土壤水盐状况进行了取样分析。研究结果表明:在塔中沙漠油田基地路生物防护体系建设的过程中,在沙丘和平沙地上应选用沙拐枣和梭梭,如种植柽柳则需采取适当的土壤保水措施(如在种植坑内加施草碳、固水剂、粘土等)。在含有下伏亚粘土层的沙地上应选用柽柳和梭梭,在丘间板结沙地上要想营造防护林,必需采取适当的技术措施,使土壤疏松(如深开沟、回填流沙等)。  相似文献   

16.
我国防沙治沙科研的突破口初探-以河西走廊沙区为例   总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2  
河西走廊的防沙治沙科研在我国广大沙区具有代表性。河西走廊防沙治沙科研存在的主要问题是 :⑴宏观战略研究薄弱 ,研究缺乏系统性。主要表现在 :治沙措施散件得不到优化组合 ,其功能得不到充分发挥 ;研究客体之间互相割裂 ,缺乏从总体上控制沙漠化的研究 ;农业开发与生态资源保护的结合点问题没有解决 ;研究课题重复。⑵散件成果多属定性结论 ,缺乏操作性。运用系统科学的思想方法是治沙科技发展的突破口 :只有运用系统科学的思想方法才能科学处理生态资源保护、生态环境建设和资源开发利用三方面的关系 ,才能实现各种防沙治沙措施的优化配置 ,才能实现治理结果的持续稳定。运用现代数学方法建立沙区生态环境综合治理数学模型才能科学处理多系统的复杂关系。现代数学方法是系统科学的主要方法。运用系统科学的思想方法和现代数学方法是治沙科技发展必须达到的 ,是治沙科技发展的突破口。  相似文献   

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