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Allan MF Kuehn LA Cushman RA Snelling WM Echternkamp SE Thallman RM 《Journal of animal science》2009,87(1):46-56
Traditional genetic selection in cattle for traits with low heritability, such as reproduction, has had very little success. With the addition of DNA technologies to the genetic selection toolbox for livestock, the opportunity may exist to improve reproductive efficiency more rapidly in cattle. The US Meat Animal Research Center Production Efficiency Population has 9,186 twinning and 29,571 ovulation rate records for multiple generations of animals, but a significant number of these animals do not have tissue samples available for DNA genotyping. The objectives of this study were to confirm QTL for twinning and ovulation rate previously found on BTA5 and to evaluate the ability of GenoProb to predict genotypic information in a pedigree containing 16,035 animals when using genotypes for 24 SNP from 3 data sets containing 48, 724, or 2,900 animals. Marker data for 21 microsatellites on BTA5 with 297 to 3,395 animals per marker were used in conjunction with each data set of genotyped animals. Genotypic probabilities for females were used to calculate independent variables for regressions of additive, dominance, and imprinting effects. Genotypic regressions were fitted as fixed effects in a 2-trait mixed model analysis by using multiple-trait derivative-free REML. Each SNP was analyzed individually, followed by backward selection fitting all individually significant SNP simultaneously and then removing the least significant SNP until only significant SNP were left. Five significant SNP associations were detected for twinning rate and 3 were detected for ovulation rate. Two of these SNP, 1 for each trait, were significant for imprinting. Additional modeling of paternal and maternal allelic effects confirmed the initial results of imprinting done by contrasting heterozygotes. These results are supported by comparative mapping of mouse and human imprinted genes to this region of bovine chromosome 5. 相似文献
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[目的]为了探究广西南宁市肉牛的父系遗传背景与遗传组成。[方法]利用PCR扩增、限制性酶酶切和生物信息学方法,对南宁屠宰场的73头肉牛Y染色体USP9Y基因的遗传多态性进行分析。[结果]发现73头公牛USP9Y基因的PCR产物具有多态性,2头牛显示471 bp带型,71头牛显示552 bp带型。在71个552 bp带型中,有28个可以被SspI酶切成2条带(338 bp和215 bp),表明这28头牛为Y3单倍型组(38.36%),而其余43个不能被SspI酶切,表明这43头牛为Y2单倍型组(58.90%)。仅有2头牛的PCR产物为471 bp,表明这2头牛为Y1单倍型组(2.74%)。屠宰牛群的单倍型多样度为0.5122±0.0309,表明屠宰牛群的Y染色体遗传多样度较高。[结论]南宁市屠宰牛群的来源比较复杂,有普通牛(Y1与Y2单倍型组)和瘤牛(Y3单倍型组)2个父系起源。 相似文献
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近年来,中国肉牛产业不断调整优化,母牛存栏量持续增长,但国内可繁殖肉用母牛数量持续减少,母牛受胎率普遍不高,犊牛成活率低,已成为制约肉牛产业发展的瓶颈环节。同期排卵-定时输精技术通过应用生殖激素处理调控母牛发情周期,促进母牛发情,从而提高母牛参配率,在提高母牛繁殖力中得到广泛应用,是当今家畜繁殖技术的一个重大突破。由于中国肉牛养殖集约化程度低,同期排卵-定时输精技术在肉牛上的应用尚未得到广泛重视。不同同期排卵-定时输精处理程序各有特点,在实际应用中影响同期排卵-定时输精程序处理母牛发情配种妊娠率的因素很多,如何对该技术实现进一步优化是当前面临的重大难题。国内外针对于同一生殖激素的不同浓度、不同激素组合及激素注射的间隔时间、激素的替换等做了大量的研究。文章综述了定时输精技术原理、主要程序及国内外肉牛同期排卵-定时输精技术研究进展,以期为建立高效的肉牛同期排卵-定时输精技术体系实现该技术在肉牛产业上的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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选取牛雄性性别决定基因SRY (sex region of Y chromosome),根据基因序列设计特异引物,应用PCR技术对5头荷斯坦奶牛DNA样品进行扩增,鉴定其性别;并对设计的引物灵敏度进行检测;对已有的公、母各20头荷斯坦奶牛DNA样品进行PCR盲检,获取奶牛高灵敏度特异性引物,用于奶牛性别鉴定。结果表明,4头公牛DNA样品可以扩增出目标条带(66 bp),1头母牛DNA样品无法扩增出条带,阴性对照扩增无条带;最佳引物灵敏度为1.6 pg/μL,可以很好地满足性别鉴定需要。40头个体中,20头个体DNA样品可以扩增出条带,其余20头个体DNA样品无法扩增出条带,检测结果与实际性别对比准确率为100%。试验结果表明,设计的引物灵敏度比较好,能够满足奶牛性别鉴定的需要。 相似文献
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在我国南方很多省份,肉牛主要以散养为主,导致母牛发情后常不能及时冷配,而冷配员却又闲着的现状,从而使母牛配种率低、存栏母牛有下降趋势。针对此情况,研发了肉牛冷配软件(软著登字2009SR11157,软件产品登记测试(2009-12-S2701)),对发情(乏情)预报、发情控制以及冷配员日常工作等方面进行计算机管理。冷配员通过规范地记录日常工作数据,逐步输入计算机,利用软件制定的日常工作计划实施冷配。结果表明:(1)对发情正常但漏配的母牛,通过软件准确预报有效黄体期,实施1次PG同期发情技术,同期发情率高于直肠检查组;(2)对乏情母牛,既实现了不通过直肠检查尽早发现、及时治疗缩短产犊间隔的目的,又获得了较高的受胎率;(3)规范了母牛的繁殖记录、提高了数据利用效率,并促进了牛繁殖数据记录的持续开展。 相似文献
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H Asadollahpour Nanaei S Ansari Mahyari M‐A Edriss 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):769-774
During the last decades, genetic selection for milk production traits has led to increased fertility and health problems in dairy cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of three polymorphisms located in the ATP‐binding cassette superfamily G member 2 transporter (ABCG2), stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes on reproductive traits and somatic cell count (SCC). The analysis was conducted on 408 randomly selected cows. The SNPs within the genes (LEPR, ABCG2 and SCD1) were genotyped using the PCR‐RFLP method. All three possible genotypes were observed for SCD1‐T878C and LEPR‐T945M SNPs, but not for ABCG2‐Y581S SNP. LEPR‐T945M and ABCG2‐Y581S SNPs had no statistically significant effect on the studied reproductive traits and SCC. However, SCD1‐T878C SNP were negatively and significantly related to pregnancy length, dry days and open days (p < 0.05), which lead to decreased profitability in dairy herds. The results suggest that the T878C SNP of SCD1 might be useful as a DNA marker to decrease reproductive problems and improve production traits in Iranian Holstein dairy cows. 相似文献
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Real-time, B-mode ultrasonography provides the opportunity to improve the methods of evaluation of ovarian function and diagnoses of pregnancy in beef cattle. Determination of the sex of a fetus early in pregnancy (d 55 to 85) and verification of embryo viability by monitoring fetal heartbeat are unique methods involving ultrasound scanning. These techniques and a method for evaluating the technique of artificial insemination can be used to improve reproductive management of cattle. The way in which ultrasound technology may have its greatest impact is as a tool for improving on the method of palpation per rectum for monitoring ovarian function and pregnancy in beef cows and heifers. Determination of fetal sex and monitoring embryo mortality are less likely to be applied regularly in herd management, but these procedures will be valuable in conducting research in reproductive physiology of beef cattle. 相似文献
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Ghanem ME Nishibori M Nakao T Nakatani K Akita M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(7):713-715
Factor XI deficiency is an autosomal recessive coagulopathy in Holstein cattle. Affected cows have a tendency to show repeat breeding. Forty repeat breeding Holstein Friesian cows were selected and tested for the Factor XI mutation. Genomic DNA was isolated from the blood of the cows (n=40). Exon 12 of the Factor XI gene of the cows was amplified by PCR. One repeat breeding cow was heterozygous to the Factor XI mutation as indicated by the presence of two DNA fragments of 320 bp and 244 bp. The insertion of the 76 bp in the heterozygous cow was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The heterozygous cow was in her fourth lactation. She gave birth to male twins at the last calving. She was inseminated artificially four times after the last calving. Factor XI deficiency in cattle has been reported in different countries. However, no case was reported in Japan. This might be the first to report Factor XI mutation in Holstein cattle in Japan. 相似文献
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Marcos G. Colazo Reuben J. Mapletoft 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(8):772-780
This is a review of the physiology and endocrinology of the estrous cycle and how ovarian physiology can be manipulated and controlled for timed artificial insemination (TAI) in beef and dairy cattle. Estrus detection is required for artificial insemination (AI), but it is done poorly in dairy cattle and it is difficult in beef cattle. Protocols that synchronize follicle growth, corpus luteum regression and ovulation, allowing for TAI, result in improved reproductive performance, because all animals are inseminated whether they show estrus or not. As result, TAI programs have become an integral part of reproductive management in many dairy herds and offer beef producers the opportunity to incorporate AI into their herds. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-based protocols are commonly used in North America for estrus synchronization as part of a TAI program. Protocols that increase pregnancy rates in lactating dairy cows and suckling beef cows have been developed. Protocols that improve pregnancy rates in heifers, acyclic beef cows, and resynchronized lactating dairy cows are also discussed. 相似文献
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Kageyama S Yoshida I Kawakura K Chikuni K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(5):509-514
A novel repeated sequence specific to male cattle was identified and named S4. S4 is a highly repetitive sequence and is a 1.5 kb repeating unit that contains various internal repeated sequences. FISH analysis showed that S4 is localized on the whole long arm and the proximal region of the short arm of the Y chromosome. We found that a PCR primer set for S4 amplified a male-specific 178 bp product in addition to a 145 bp product common to both male and female cells. Although the origin of the 145 bp product is unknown, it acts as a positive internal control in practical embryo sexing. Due to the high copy number of S4, PCR required only 0.5 pg purified DNA for accurate amplification. This made it possible to reduce the amount of biopsy sample required for embryo sexing and thus result in less damage to embryos manipulated. These studies indicate that embryo sexing based on the S4 sequence is accurate and sensitive. 相似文献
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牙釉蛋白（amelogenin,简写为AML）基因是牙齿发育过程中丰富表达的多拷贝基因,AML基因的同源基因分别定位在XY染色体上。本试验利用x—Y同源的牙釉蛋白基因序列设计一对特异性引物（牛AML基因序列的扩增片段长度：雌性为只有467bp的特异性扩增片段：雄性为同时具有341bp和467bp的两条特异性扩增片段）,应用PCR技术同时扩增X和Y染色体上的特异性片段,扩增产物用PAGE电泳分离技术,经硝酸银溶液染色及扫描分析进行妊娠奶牛早期胚胎的性别鉴定。结果显示,从X染色体上扩增出467bp的片段．从Y染色体上扩增出341bp的特异性片段。由此可知,PCR扩增妊娠奶牛牙釉蛋白基因可以进行胚胎的性别鉴定。 相似文献
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Heaton MP Keen JE Clawson ML Harhay GP Bauer N Shultz C Green BT Durso L Chitko-McKown CG Laegreid WW 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(8):1311-1314
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a selected set of 20 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from beef cattle populations can be used to verify sample tracking in a commercial slaughter facility that processes primarily market (ie, culled) dairy cows. DESIGN: Prospective, blinded validation study. ANIMALS: 165 cows and 3 bulls from 18 states (82% Holstein, 8% other dairy breeds, and 10% beef breeds). PROCEDURE: Blood was collected by venipuncture from randomly chosen animals just prior to slaughter. The purported corresponding liver samples were collected during beef processing, and genotype profiles were obtained for each sample. RESULTS: On the basis of SNP allele frequencies in these cattle, the mean probability that 2 randomly selected individuals would possess identical genotypes at all 20 loci was 4.3 x 10(-8). Thus, the chance of a coincidental genotype match between 2 animals was 1 in 23 million. Genotype profiles confirmed appropriate matching for 152 of the 168 (90.5%) purported blood-liver sample pairs and revealed mismatching for 16 (9.5%) pairs. For the 16 mismatched sample pairs, 33% to 76% of the 20 SNP genotypes did not match (mean, 52%). Discordance that could be attributed to genotyping error was estimated to be < 1% on the basis of results for split samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that this selected set of 20 bovine SNP markers is sufficiently informative to verify accuracy of sample tracking in slaughter plants that process beef or dairy cattle. These or similar SNP markers may facilitate high-throughput, DNA-based, traceback programs designed to detect drug residues in tissues, control of animal diseases, and enhance food safety. 相似文献
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《Livestock Production Science》2003,79(2-3):145-153
The purpose was to analyse the economic consequences of postponed first insemination of cows in dairy herds with different reproduction management, and to analyse the sensitivity of the results to a further decrease in beef prices, using a model simulating production and health in a dairy cattle herd. Three different period-to-first-insemination scenarios were analysed. Period to first insemination was defined as days post partum for initiating insemination at observed heat. The three scenarios consisted of a short period to first insemination (70 days for primiparous and 35 days for older cows), a 70 days postponed first insemination of primiparous cows and a scenario with 70 days postponed first insemination for all cows. At a 70 days postponed first insemination for primiparous cows a decrease in annual herd profit of 1% were found. A 70 days postponed first insemination for all cows led to a decrease in annual herd profit by 3% at good reproductive efficiency and 4% at poor reproductive efficiency. The herd profit was calculated as the profit to cover labour costs and fixed costs. Postponed inseminations might reduce labour per cow-year. The reduction in labour per cow-year need to be 3.2 h at good reproductive efficiency and 4.3 h at poor reproductive efficiency to counterbalance the reduction in herd profit by postponing first insemination for all cows by 70 days. In a situation with a 50% decrease in beef prices in a herd constrained by a milk quota (optimising profit per kg milk) herd profit was increased by 0.8% at good reproductive efficiency and 0.3% at poor reproductive efficiency by postponing first insemination for all cows by 70 days. 相似文献
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Mohammad Reza Divar Hassan Sharifiyazdi Mojtaba Kafi 《Veterinary research communications》2012,36(4):215-220
In the current study we aimed to use PCR to investigate the presence of fetal DNA in the bovine (Bos taurus) cervical secretions and maternal serum, and to assess the effectiveness of this method in fetal gender determination. Pregnant uteri and pre-slaughter maternal blood samples were collected from 21 Holstein Frisian cows in a local abattoir. Overall, 13 male and 8 female fetuses were included in the study. Cervical mucus was sampled at the laboratory. After DNA extraction, the PCR amplified a 280?bp fragment from the X-chromosome and a 217?bp fragment from the Y-chromosome based on a sex-related polymorphism in the amelogenin locus. The presence of fetal Y-chromosome was confirmed in seven out of 13 cervical mucus samples collected from cows with male fetuses. Overall test sensitivity for correct sex determination based on PCR assay on cervical samples was equal to 71.4?±?2?%. In contrast, no fetal Y-chromosome DNA was detected in maternal serum samples from cows with male fetuses. This is the first report on validating the presence of fetal DNA material in the bovine cervical mucus and its potential usefulness for fetal sexing. Further investigations are needed to maximize the accuracy and evaluate the practicality of this approach. 相似文献
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Moore DP Campero CM Odeón AC Posso MA Cano D Leunda MR Basso W Venturini MC Späth E 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,107(4):303-316
The purpose of the present work was to study the epidemiology of Neospora caninum in beef and dairy herds in the Humid Pampas of Argentina. The seroprevalence of N. caninum was evaluated in 2414 serum samples of cows from beef and dairy farms. An indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used to determine specific antibodies. The sera was screened at a dilution >or=1:200 and >or=1:600 in cows with reproductive disease antecedents and without them, respectively. Cows without history of reproductive diseases from nine beef and fifteen dairy farms were grouped according to the percentage (> or or 相似文献
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BCA Alves VFM Hossepian de Lima CA Moreira‐Filho 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):1047-1051
Sex pre‐selection of bovine offsprings has commercial relevance for cattle breeders and several methods have been used for embryo sex determination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proven to be a reliable procedure for accomplishing embryo sexing. To date, most of the PCR‐specific primers are derived from the few single‐copy Y‐chromosome‐specific gene sequences already identified in bovines. Their detection demands higher amounts of embryonic genomic material or a nested amplification reaction. In order to circumvent this, limitation we searched for new male‐specific sequences potentially useful in embryo sexing using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay reproducibility problems can be overcome by its conversion into Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) markers. In this work, we describe the identification of two bovine male‐specific markers (OPC16323 and OPF101168) by means of RAPD. These markers were successfully converted into SCARs (OPC16726 and OPF10984) using two pairs of specific primers.Furthermore, inverse PCR (iPCR) methodology was successfully applied to elongate OPC16323 marker in 159% (from 323 to 837 bp). Both markers are shown to be highly conserved (similarity ≥95%) among bovine zebu and taurine cattle; OPC16323 is also highly similar to a bubaline Y‐chromosome‐specific sequence. The primers derived from the two Y‐chromosome‐specific conserved sequences described in this article showed 100% accuracy when used for identifying male and female bovine genomic DNA, thereby proving their potential usefulness for bovine embryo sexing. 相似文献