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1.
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2.
A 12-year-old male Boxer dog presented with a 5 x 5 x 7-cm partially encapsulated mass in the right mandibular salivary gland. Histologically, the mass was composed of neoplastic epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The mesenchymal component consisted of two cell populations arranged in different patterns: coalescing nodules of neoplastic mononuclear cells with rare osteoid and numerous osteoclastlike giant cells; and sheets of neoplastic spindle cells intermingled with neoplastic epithelial cells and containing osteoid and well-formed bone trabeculae lined by osteoblasts and few osteoclastlike giant cells. On the basis of these histological features, two malignant salivary tumors were diagnosed: a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (giant cell type) and a malignant mixed tumor. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated keratin 5 and 8 expression by the neoplastic epithelial cells, indicating a probable salivary ductal origin, and vimentin expression by all mesenchymal elements, suggesting a fibroblastic line of differentiation.  相似文献   

3.
Summary

Ten malignant canine mammary gland tumours and five metastases from three of these tumours were studied immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against different human keratin types (K), α‐smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and desmin.

In all tumours the neoplastic epithelium was rather homogeneously labelled with the keratin MoAbs RCK 102 (K 5 and 8) and CAM 5.2 (K 8). The adenocarcinomas (n=5), the solid carcinomas (n=2), and the carcinosarcoma (n=1) showed heterogeneous labelling with the MoAbs specific for luminal cell antigens in the normal canine mammary gland, i.e., K 18, K 7 and K 19 MoAbs. These cells were also immunoreactive with K 4 and K 10 MoAbs. The spindle cell carcinomas (n=2), however, did not react with these MoAbs.

All tumours except one adenocarcinoma were characterized by the absence of immunoreactive labelling with the α‐smooth muscle actin MoAb. In the solid carcinomas this was associated with the absence of labelling with one or both basal cell specific keratin MoAbs, i.e., 8.7 (K 14 and 17) and RCK 107 (K 14), respectively. In contrast, the other malignant tumours showed marked labelling of neoplastic epithelium with these MoAbs. Another remarkable finding was the labelling of a limited to moderate number of neoplastic epithelial cells with the vimentin MoAb. The presence of such labelling patterns in canine mammary gland tumours may be indicative of malignancy. Metastatic tumour tissues had a labelling pattern largely similar to that of the primary tumour, although also loss of reactivity for some keratin MoAbs was seen.  相似文献   

4.
Histiocytic proliferative disorders in canine central nervous system (CNS) including granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) and malignant histiocytosis were compared pathologically. Lesions of GME mainly existed in the white matter of the cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum and consisted of characteristic perivascular cuffing, parenchymal granuloma and leptomeningeal infiltrates of mononuclear cells. In malignant histiocytosis, there were two histological patterns, diffuse proliferation of neoplastic histiocytes through the leptomeninges and neoplastic nodule formation in the parenchyma. Neoplastic histiocytes exhibited mild to severe cellular atypia and high ability of invasion into the brain parenchyma. Mitotic and phagocytic figures were also observed. Several histiocytic markers, including lysozyme, alpha1-antitrypsin and lectin RCA-1, revealed histiocytic origin of both inflammatory and neoplastic cells, however, those were not determinative for the discrimination between GME and malignant histiocytosis. CD3- and PCNA-positive cells existed in the lesions of both diseases. The number of CD3-positive cells in GME tended to be greater than in malignant histiocytosis, while the difference was not statistically significant.  相似文献   

5.
An eighteen-year-old female Eurasian otter became emaciated and died. Necropsy examination revealed nose and thoracic cutaneous masses, abdominal subcutaneous mass, and multiple nodules in the liver and lungs. Malignant melanoma was found in the nose cutaneous mass and to have metastasized to the liver, lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands, mammary glands and left mandibular lymph node. The neoplastic cells were labeled for vimentin, melanoma, and S100. The cutaneous mass in the thoracic area consisted of spindle shaped neoplastic epithelial cells and was diagnosed as trichoblastoma. Mammary gland adenoma was observed in the abdominal subcutaneous mass. This is the first report of primary three neoplasms of malignant melanoma, trichoblastoma and mammary gland adenoma in a Eurasian otter.  相似文献   

6.
Mammalian cells contain two related but unique isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2). COX-1 is expressed constitutively in a majority of tissues and is involved in the production of prostaglandins (PGs) that modulate normal physiologic functions. COX-2 is inducible by various stimuli and is involved in the production of PGs that modulate physiologic events in development, cell growth, and inflammation. With the exception of peribronchial glands and chondrocytes of peribronchial cartilage, COX-2 is not detectable in the normal lung of nonhuman primates. We evaluated COX-2 expression by immunohistochemical methods in the inflammatory lesions of two cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with acute severe pneumonia. Both monkeys exhibited acute severe bronchopneumonia; histologically, lung lesions were characterized by infiltration of large numbers of neutrophils and fewer macrophages, mild bronchial epithelial hyperplasia, and slight type-2 pneumocyte hyperplasia. In both monkeys, mild to marked COX-2 immunoreactivity was detected within the cytoplasm of macrophages, bronchial epithelial cells, type-2 pneumocytes, and endothelial cells of blood vessels. No COX-2 immunoreactivity was detectable in the neutrophils that constituted >90% of the inflammatory cells. These observations suggest that in acute inflammatory lung lesions in nonhuman primates 1) COX-2 is induced in the bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, 2) macrophages are the primary inflammatory cells that exhibit COX-2, and 3) neutrophils do not express COX-2.  相似文献   

7.
A 3-year-old male Labrador retriever dog was presented with multifocal small cutaneous nodules, distributed mainly over the thoracic wall, the flank and the scrotum. The dog was otherwise in good health and had no significant past medical history. Radio- and sonographic examination revealed no evidence of internal tumours, including endocrine tumours. Histological examination of two excised samples revealed round, non-ulcerated nodules in the superficial corium, characterized by two different neoplastic cell components and mild inflammation. The first tumour cell population showed histomorphological characteristics of mature ganglion cells; the second featured small, spindle-shaped tumour cells with scant cytoplasm. Both neoplastic cell components expressed vimentin, neurofilament protein, pan-neuronal neurofilament, amyloid-precursor protein and chromogranin A. In addition, the spindle-shaped tumour cells were positive for 2', 3'-cyclicnucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase. The findings had many histological and immunohistochemical features in common with primary cutaneous ganglioneuromas in humans, enabling the canine tumours to be also classified as multiple cutaneous ganglioneuromas.  相似文献   

8.
CD10 is an important cell marker in the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and of breast myoepithelial (ME) cells in humans. The objective of this study was to assess the value of CD10 as a marker of canine ME cells using immunohistochemistry on routinely processed normal, dysplastic and neoplastic mammary tissue. Five different CD10 positive cell types were identified on the basis of cell morphology, pattern of immunoreactivity, and on the co-expression of additional cell lineage-specific markers.Type 1 cells were typical fusiform cells with a ME cell phenotype (calponin- and cytokeratin [CK] 14-positive, CK8/18-negative). Type 2 cells were typical or atypical polyhedral cells with a luminal epithelial (LE) cell phenotype (calponin- and CK14-negative, CK8/18-positive). Type 3 cells had a type 1 phenotype with variable morphology, and type 4 were atypical neoplastic cells with a mixed ME/LE phenotype. Type 5 cells were typical fusiform cells with a stromal phenotype.Type 1 cells were considered normal ME cells and were found in all sample types; type 2 cells were considered normal or neoplastic LE cells and were also found in all sample types; types 3 and 4 cells were restricted to tumour samples and to malignant tumours, respectively, and type 5 cells were found in all sample types, although predominantly in neoplastic tissue. The findings indicate that the CD10 antigen is a sensitive (although not specific) marker of canine ME cells in normal, dysplastic and neoplastic mammary tissue. Differences in the distribution and staining intensity of CD10-positive cells suggest a number of potential roles for this protein in the pathogenesis of canine mammary neoplasia.  相似文献   

9.
This paper describes the occurrence of a rare skin tumour that has been removed surgically from the upper lip of a 13-year-old Tibetan spaniel. The tumour was 0.5 cm in diameter and macroscopically appeared as a single dermal mass, but histopathological analysis identified it as a biphasic collision mixed tumour. In the anatomically uniform tumour, 70% (4 mm in diameter) of the total parenchyma was formed by a high-grade sarcoma (with the presence of giant cells), and about 30% of it (1 mm in diameter) was a malignant melanoma (again with the presence of giant cells). The histologically distinct, but anatomically uniform tumour parts were separated by a macroscopically invisible, non-neoplastic epithelial process originating from the overlying hyperplastic epidermis. The two malignant components did not infiltrate the peritumoural vessels and each other's substance. In the sarcoma part, the mitotic and apoptotic indexes were 32 and 8, respectively, whereas in the melanoma part the same parameters were 10 and 6, respectively. During the immunohistochemical investigations anti-α-SMA, anticytokeratin AE1-AE3, anti-Melan-A, anti-Ki-67 and anti-claudin-5 antibodies were applied. In conclusion, this is the first report of a primary cutaneous malignant biphasic collision mixed tumour formed by an anaplastic sarcoma with giant cells and a malignant melanoma.  相似文献   

10.
An ultrastructural study of malignant mesotheliomas in two cows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Malignant mesotheliomas of two Holstein cows were examined by light and electron microscopy. These tumours were derived from peritoneal surfaces and were of biphasic type composed of mesothelial lining cells and submesothelial mesenchymal cells. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic mesothelial cells were characterized by intermediate filaments, microvilli, desmosomes, tight junctions and basal laminae. The neoplastic submesothelial cells were closely associated with collagen filaments and some cells had several resemblance to the neoplastic mesothelial cells. The ultrastructural features of the mesotheliomas are discussed in comparison with those of adenocarcinomas and fibroblastic neoplasms. In one case of malignant granulosa cell tumour involved the left ovary and its morphology was apparently different from that of the mesothelioma. Multiple primary tumours are uncommon in cattle.  相似文献   

11.
A Belgian shepherd dog aged 4 years and 9 months was presented with acute onset of non-weight bearing lameness and stifle effusion of the left hind limb, caused by the deep form of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma originating in the deep musculature and fascia surrounding the stifle joint. The tumour progressed rapidly in the tissues along the femoral diaphysis with marked periosteal new bone formation. Cytology of a stifle joint aspirate revealed numerous large polygonal neoplastic cells with considerable anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. These cells were present in clusters, with cytoplasmic projections between the cells, but occasionally also occurred singly. Several cells contained multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles and occasional giant cells were also encountered. Adequate tumour-free margins were not possible with radical limb amputation and the dog was euthanased. Macroscopically the tumour appeared as an extensive pale tan, firm mass with scattered small haemorrhages and foci of yellow discolouration. Histologically the tumour consisted of dense neoplastic expanses or multiple nodules, composed of spindle-shaped fibroblastic cells, polygonal histiocytic cells or cell clusters and scattered giant cells with 2-3 nuclei. The polygonal neoplastic cells were frequently present around and invading lymphatics and blood vessels, causing neoplastic emboli. This is the 1st report of the clinical behaviour, radiography and cytology of the deep form of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the dog.  相似文献   

12.
We histopathologically and immunohistochemically investigated a case of malignant lymphoma that spontaneously developed in a male common marmoset at two years of age. Beginning at two years four months of age, the animal had an enlargement of the submandibular and inguinal lymph nodes, small subcutaneous nodules near the right breast and an approximately fivefold increase in peripheral lymphocyte count compared with the previous examination value. The postmortem findings at two years eight months of age showed lymphadenopathy with enlargement of the thymus and spleen. Small- to intermediate-sized neoplastic lymphocytes had diffusely proliferated in the enlarged nodes. The neoplastic cells were pleomorphic and had irregularly shaped nuclei. The nuclear chromatin staining revealed hyperchromatism in the small-sized cells, and the intermediate-sized cells exhibited vesicular staining. An immunohistochemical examination indicated that the neoplastic lymphocytes were positive for CD3 and negative for CD20, thus suggesting that they had originated from T cells. In addition, the proliferation of high endothelial venules and reactive epithelioid histiocytes was observed. Scattered tingible body-laden macrophages were infrequently detected. Neoplastic lymphocytes were also observed in the thymus, spleen, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and femoral and sternal bone marrow. This malignant lymphoma in a young male common marmoset was considered to fit the category of “peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS)” according to the new WHO system of classification.  相似文献   

13.
HER-2 and HER-3 are transmembrane receptor proteins that are considered to be important but poorly understood biomarkers in canine tumors. In this study, the expression and the localization of HER-2 and HER-3 were evaluated immunohistochemically in canine mammary tumors (n = 64; 12 benign, 52 malignant).HER-2 overexpression was identified in 2/12 (16.7%) benign and in 18/51 (35.3%) malignant cases. HER-3 was expressed in a non-nuclear localization in 11/12 (91.7%) benign and 18/52 (34.6%) malignant tumors. In contrast, HER-3 was expressed in the nucleus of neoplastic cells in 0/12 (0%) benign and 22/52 (42.3%) malignant tumors. Nuclear HER-3 expression was higher in neoplastic epithelial cells compared to myoepithelial cells, and positively correlated with high histological grade and lymphatic vessel invasion. These results suggest that nuclear HER-3 expression is significantly associated with tumor progression and metastasis and may serve as a useful prognostic biomarker in canine malignant mammary tumors.  相似文献   

14.
BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression has been documented in human and canine prostate carcinoma (PCA). Canine PCA is a histologically heterogeneous tumor, sometimes including inflammatory infiltrates. However, it is unknown whether COX-2 expression in canine PCA is related to the histologic type of tumor, to the presence of inflammation, or to both. Moreover, little is known about the mechanisms regulating COX-2 expression in neoplastic tissue. HYPOTHESIS: COX-2 expression is related to the presence of inflammation in canine PCA and correlates with the degree of tumor differentiation. METHODS: The expression of COX-2 was examined in 28 cases of canine PCA by immunohistochemistry. In addition, a neoplastic and a nonneoplastic canine prostatic cell line were used to investigate the effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), epithelial growth factor (EGF), and specific signal transduction pathway inhibitors on COX-2 expression. RESULTS: Twenty-four of the 28 prostate tumors showed COX-2 expression. The presence of inflammatory infiltrates in tumor tissue was associated with lower COX-2 expression scores. In vitro, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and EGF increased COX-2 expression in nonneoplastic cells but not in PCA cells, where baseline expression was high. COX-2 expression in PCA cells could be suppressed by means of specific phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase C (PKC), or inhibitor of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK/MAPK) inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: COX-2 is expressed in canine PCA; however, expression is not related to the presence of inflammatory infiltrates. This conclusion is further supported by the finding that the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 and their involved signaling pathways do not stimulate COX-2 expression in malignant canine prostate cells.  相似文献   

15.
A 6‐year‐old female neutered European Shorthair cat was presented with a 2‐day history of lethargy and hyporexia. On physical examination, the cat was slightly depressed and had a 2.5 cm nodule in the left 3rd mammary gland. The hemogram revealed mild leukocytosis with mature neutrophilia and moderate thrombocytopenia. On blood smear evaluation, rare pleomorphic cells, possibly of epithelial origin, were observed mainly at the feathered edge. The animal died about 12 hours after presentation, and a necropsy was performed. On histopathology, the mammary nodule was diagnosed as a tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma with vascular invasion and widespread metastases. Immunocytochemical tests for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3) confirmed the epithelial phenotype of the neoplastic cells observed on the blood smear. The present report describes a feline mammary carcinoma with widespread metastases and the presence of malignant epithelial cells in the peripheral blood referred to as carcinocythemia. This condition has been previously described in people and dogs. To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of feline carcinocythemia. As in other species, the phenomenon was associated with a terminal phase of systemic malignancy.  相似文献   

16.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling pathways play a role in carcinogenesis. Inhibition of EGF receptor (EGFR) and of VEGF is effective in increasing the radiation responsiveness of neoplastic cells both in vitro and in human trials. In this study, immunohistochemical evaluation was employed to determine and characterize the potential protein expression levels and patterns of EGFR and VEGF in a variety of canine malignant epithelial nasal tumours. Of 24 malignant canine nasal tumours, 13 (54.2%) were positive for EGFR staining and 22 (91.7%) were positive for VEGF staining. The intensity and percentage of immunohistochemically positive neoplastic cells for EGFR varied. These findings indicate that EGFR and VEGF proteins were present in some malignant epithelial nasal tumours in the dogs, and therefore, it may be beneficial to treat canine patients with tumours that overexpress EGFR and VEGF with specific inhibitors in conjunction with radiation.  相似文献   

17.
Cell cannibalism refers to the engulfment of cells by nonprofessional phagocytic cells. Studies in human medicine have demonstrated a relationship between the presence of cell cannibalism by neoplastic cells and a poor outcome, and have shown a positive correlation with the presence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis. The biologic significance of cell cannibalism is unknown, but it is proposed that it may represent a novel mechanism of tumor immune evasion as a survival strategy in cases of unfavorable microenvironmental conditions. This report describes clinical and morphologic features of 3 cases of dogs with malignant neoplasia in which the presence of cellular cannibalism was observed in cytologic and histologic specimens. In the 1st case, a dog with a primary tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis to retropharyngeal lymph nodes had neoplastic epithelial cells engulfing neutrophils noted in cytologic examination of the lymph nodes. In the 2nd case, neoplastic epithelial cells were seen engulfing each other in fine‐needle aspirates from a primary mammary carcinoma with lung metastasis. In the 3rd case, poorly differentiated neoplastic mast cells from a recurrent, metastatic grade III mast cell tumor were observed cannibalizing eosinophils. A brief review of the literature describing known cell‐into‐cell relationships and the possible biologic significance and mechanisms involved in this phenomenon is provided. The relationship between cell cannibalism and distant metastasis should be explored in further studies, as it may prove to be a criterion of malignancy, as it is proposed in human medicine.  相似文献   

18.
A Domestic Shorthaired cat was presented with coughing and severe respiratory distress. Thoracic radiographs revealed a lobar mass and numerous additional cavitated intrapulmonary masses. The cat was euthanized and submitted for necropsy. Histological examination of the large mass revealed 2 distinct neoplastic components consisting of bronchial adenocarcinoma admixed with neoplastic areas composed of highly atypical undifferentiated spindle cells (sarcomatous component). Simultaneous expression of vimentin and cytokeratin by a subpopulation of neoplastic epithelial cells and by rare neoplastic spindle cells was identified. On the basis of histology and immunohistochemical results, a diagnosis of primary pulmonary carcinosarcoma with intrapulmonary epithelial metastases was made. Pulmonary carcinosarcoma is a well-known pathological entity in humans. It is a rare tumor in animals and has not been previously reported in cat.  相似文献   

19.
Background –  Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a multistep process, important in tumour invasion and metastasis, characterized by loss of epithelial markers, redistribution of β‐catenin and gain of mesenchymal markers. Hyposthesis/Objectives –  Our aim was to investigate the immunohistochemical aberrant expression of cytokeratin, vimentin, survivin and heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in canine cutaneous epithelial tumours, to understand the association of expression of these molecules with features of malignancy and their role in the EMT phenotype. Methods –  Ten canine squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs; one with lymph node metastasis), 30 canine hair follicle tumours (six pilomatricomas, eight infundibular keratinizing acanthomas, six trichoepitheliomas and 10 trichoblastomas) and five normal skin samples were investigated by immunohistochemistry using specific anti‐vimentin, ‐cytokeratin, ‐survivin and ‐Hsp72 antibodies. A semi‐quantitative method was used to analyse the results, as follows: 0 to <5%; ≥5 to <10%; ≥10 to <25%; and ≥25% of positive cells. Immunofluorescence was performed to investigate survivin–vimentin and survivin–Hsp72 colocalization in selected SCCs. Results –  In malignant hair follicle tumours and SCCs, a reduced intensity of cytokeratin and increased survivin and Hsp72 expression were observed. In SCCs, loss of cytokeratin expression and vimentin immunolabelling, suggestive of the EMT phenotype, were evident in <5% of neoplastic cells in the front of tumour invasion. In the same areas, strong nuclear survivin and cytoplasmic Hsp72 staining was evident, often colocalizing. Only a few neoplastic cells in the front of tumour invasion showed vimentin–survivin colocalization. Conclusions and clinical importance –  A possible simultaneous involvement of survivin and Hsp72 in tumour invasion and the multistep process of EMT of cutaneous epithelial tumours of dogs is suggested.  相似文献   

20.
The aim of this study was to evaluate prognostic and/or diagnostic factors of canine mammary tumors by immunohistochemically analyzing the expression of alpha basic crystallin (αB-c). For this, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of 51 naturally-occurring canine mammary tumors (11 benign and 40 malignant) were used. Tissue from eight normal canine mammary glands were served as a control. Immunohistochemically, in the control mammary tissues, a few luminal epithelial cells were αB-c positive but myoepithelial cells were negative. In benign or simple type malignant tumors, αB-c expression was observed in luminal epithelial cells while the myoepithelial basal cells were negative. In benign or complex type malign tumors, positive staining was predominantly found in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Immunoreactivity of αB-c was also observed in neoplastic myoepithelial cells. Statistically, the number of cells immunolabeled with αB-c was found to be significantly different among tissues from normal canine mammary glands, benign lesions, and malignant tumors (p < 0.05). αB-c immunoreactivity was higher in malignant tumors than the control mammary tissues (p < 0.001). Data obtained in the current study revealed a strong association between high expression levels of αB-c and primary mammary gland tumors in canines.  相似文献   

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