共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为了探究杨十斑吉丁虫的基本飞行能力,本试验利用飞行磨吊飞结合野外测定,探究了性别、光照对杨十斑吉丁虫飞行能力的影响并对杨十斑吉丁虫野外单次飞行距离和活动场所进行了研究.吊飞结果显示：雌、雄虫的平均飞行距离之间存在显著差异,平均飞行时间、平均最大飞行速度之间差异不显著,杨十斑吉丁虫个体之间飞行能力差别较大,其中,雌虫的平均飞行距离为2．6172 km,平均最大飞行速度为2．0108 km/h,平均飞行时间为1．7674 h;雄虫的平均飞行距离为2．1385 km,平均最大飞行速度为1．7801 km/h,平均飞行时间约为1．8732 h.个体飞行能力最强为雌虫,其飞行最远距离为5．2 km,飞行最大速度为2．91 km/h,最长飞行时间约为2．9 h.野外研究结果显示：杨十斑吉丁虫主要在树木的树干部位进行活动,单次飞行距离最远可达18．3 m.结果表明：杨十斑吉丁虫有较强的飞行能力,且在光照条件下杨十斑吉丁虫的飞行能力要显著高于黑暗条件下. 相似文献
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The flight capacity of different ages and sexes of the sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata, was studied at different temperatures using a flight mill system. The results of regression analysis showed a significant effect of temperature on flight distance(P=0.0082). Temperature did not influence flight duration(P=0.212) or flight speed(P=0.175). The mean flight distance(1 024 m) and mean flight duration were the greatest at 25.2°C. The age of C. ciliata had a significant influence on flight distance(P=0.0005), flight duration(P=0.0005) and flight speed(P=0.026). The 12-d-old adult had the greatest flight distance(887 m), duration(3 875 s) and speed(0.22 m s–1). Flight distances and flight duration of females were significantly longer than that of males. However, the male had significantly greater flight speed than the female. The insect appears to be capable of long distance flights. The understanding of the optimal age and temperature for the flight of this insect through this study provides a foundation for better management of the insect in China. 相似文献
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拥挤度对马铃薯甲虫飞行能力的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
[目的I研究马铃薯甲虫飞行能力与环境的关系,探索马铃薯甲虫的迁飞规律,为控制该甲虫的扩散提供依据.[方法]通过昆虫飞行磨系统测定不同密度下马铃薯甲虫的飞行能力.[结果]充分取食条件下,越冬后马铃薯甲虫飞行能力随着密度的增加而增大,第一、第二代马铃薯甲虫成虫在密度每皿分别为30,20头时飞行能力较强;越冬后定量取食的马铃薯甲虫在密度为20头/皿时飞行能力最强.[结论]在相同条件下,越冬后马铃薯甲虫成虫的飞行能力>第一代>第二代;越冬后定量取食的马铃薯甲虫随着拥挤度的增长,营养胁迫水平逐步增加,其飞行能力受到制约而呈现逐步下降的趋势;在一定条件下,随着虫口密度的增加,拥挤造成的适度营养缺乏,对于越冬代成虫飞行具有明显的刺激作用;充分取食越冬后成虫飞行距离、时间和速度与拥挤度间呈抛物线关系. 相似文献
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Thermoregulation in endothermic insects 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
B Heinrich 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,185(153):747-756
On the basis of body weight, most flying insects have higher rates of metabolism, and hence heat production, than other animals. However, rapid rates of cooling because of small body size in most cases precludes appreciable endothermy. The body temperature of small flies in flight is probably close to ambient temperature, and that of flying butterflies and locusts is 5 degrees to 10 degrees C above ambient temperature. Many moths and bumblebees are insulated with scales and hair, and their metabolism during flight can cause the temperature of the flight muscles to increase 20 degrees to 30 degrees C above ambient temperature. Curiously, those insects which (because of size, insulation) retain the most heat in the thorax during flight, also require the highest muscle temperature in order to maintain sufficient power output to continue flight. The minimum muscle temperature for flight varies widely between different species, while the maximum temperature varies over the relatively narrow range of 40 degrees to 45 degrees C. As a consequence, those insects that necessarily generate high muscle temperatures during flight must maintain their thoracic temperature within a relatively narrow range during flight. Active heat loss from the thorax to the abdomen prevents overheating of the flight motor and allows some large moths to be active over a wide range of ambient temperatures. Bumblebees similarly transfer heat from the flight musculature into the abdomen while incubating their brood by abdominal contact. Many of the larger insects would remain grounded if they did not actively increase the temperature of their flight muscles prior to flight. Male tettigoniid grasshoppers elevate their thoracic temperature prior to singing. In addition, some of the social Hymenoptera activate the "flight" muscles specifically to produce heat not only prior to flight but also during nest temperature regulation. During this "shivering" the "flight" muscles are often activated in patterns different from those during flight. The muscles contract primarily against each other rather than on the wings. However, the rate of heat production during shivering and flight is primarily a function of the action potential frequency rather than of the patterns of activation. Thermoregulation is a key factor in the energetics of foraging of some of the flower-visiting insects. The higher their muscle temperature the more flowers they can visit per unit time. When food supplies are ample, bees may invest relatively large amounts of energy for thermoregulation. While shivering to maintain high body temperatures during the short intervals they are perched on flowers (as well as while in the nest), bumblebees often expend energy at rates similar to the rates of energy expenditure in flight. Unlike vertebrates, which usually regulate their body temperature at specific set points, the body temperature of insects is labile. It often appears to be maintained near the lower temperature at which the muscles are able to perform the function at hand. The insects' thermal adaptations may not differ as much from those of vertebrates as previously supposed when size, anatomy, and energy requirements are taken into account. 相似文献
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The wings of archaic Odonatoidea from the mid-Carboniferous of Argentina show features analogous to "smart" mechanisms in modern dragonflies that are associated with the agile, versatile flight necessary to catch prey in flight. These mechanisms act automatically in flight to depress the trailing edge and to facilitate wing twisting, in response to aerodynamic loading. The presence of similar features suggests that the earliest known odonatoids were already becoming adapted for high-performance flight in association with a predatory habit. 相似文献
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亚洲玉米螟飞翔能力的初步研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
通过配有微机记录系统的飞行磨吊飞方法,测定了亚洲玉米螟(Osirinia furnacaris)的飞翔能力及温度、湿度,气流等不同生态条件对其飞翔力的影响。初步探讨了亚洲玉米螟的飞翔扩散活动及可能的迁飞活动。玉米螟1日龄和2日龄雌蛾可累计飞翔30小时,150公里以上。飞翔速度平均1.5米/秒,最高可达2.4米/秒。雄蛾飞翔力初期稍弱,但3日龄以后强于雌蛾。玉米螟的飞翔适温区为20—30℃,高温低湿不利其飞翔。玉米螟在风速不大于1.53—1.6米/秒时可逆风飞翔,在较大的风速下顺风飞翔时,其自身的飞翔速度随风速增加而渐降,风速9米/秒时停止振翅,随风飘流。 相似文献
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为探究多旋翼植保无人机作业参数对火龙果树冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响,应用极飞P20多旋翼植保无人机对火龙果树进行喷雾作业,采用正交试验对主要作业参数（航线方向、作业高度与作业速度）进行优选。结果表明,植保无人机对火龙果树施药在航线平行于种植行、作业高度为1.5 m (距离冠层顶部高度)、作业速度为1.5 m·s-1条件下,雾滴在火龙果树各个冠层的雾滴沉积密度,覆盖率最大。极差分析结果显示,作业速度是雾滴沉积密度和火龙果树上层雾滴覆盖率的最主要影响因素;而作业高度是火龙果树中层、下层雾滴覆盖率和雾滴分布均匀性的最主要影响因素,当作业高度为1.5 m 时雾滴分布均匀性最好。根据P20多旋翼植保无人机喷雾在火龙果树冠层的雾滴沉积分布情况,对植保无人机的作业参数进行了优选,为提高植保无人机施药雾滴在火龙果树冠层的有效沉积分布,实现所选机型在火龙果树病虫害防控中的高效应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为探究多旋翼植保无人机作业参数对火龙果树冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响,应用极飞P20多旋翼植保无人机对火龙果树进行喷雾作业,采用正交试验对主要作业参数（航线方向、作业高度与作业速度）进行优选。结果表明,植保无人机对火龙果树施药在航线平行于种植行、作业高度为1.5 m (距离冠层顶部高度)、作业速度为1.5 m·s-1条件下,雾滴在火龙果树各个冠层的雾滴沉积密度,覆盖率最大。极差分析结果显示,作业速度是雾滴沉积密度和火龙果树上层雾滴覆盖率的最主要影响因素;而作业高度是火龙果树中层、下层雾滴覆盖率和雾滴分布均匀性的最主要影响因素,当作业高度为1.5 m 时雾滴分布均匀性最好。根据P20多旋翼植保无人机喷雾在火龙果树冠层的雾滴沉积分布情况,对植保无人机的作业参数进行了优选,为提高植保无人机施药雾滴在火龙果树冠层的有效沉积分布,实现所选机型在火龙果树病虫害防控中的高效应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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植保无人机航空喷施飞行质量的试验与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】植保无人机的飞行质量是航空喷施作业效果的重要影响因素。探讨不同类型和不同控制方式的植保无人机航空喷施作业的飞行质量和作业效果,为航空喷施作业机型的选择和植保无人机技术的改进提供数据支持和指导。【方法】采用微轻型机载北斗导航定位系统,获取半自主飞行控制模式下单旋翼油动植保无人机(SoUAV)、单旋翼电动植保无人机(Se-UAV)和半自动四旋翼电动植保无人机(Saqe-UAV)以及全自主控制模式下四旋翼电动植保无人机(Faqe-UAV)的飞行轨迹和飞行参数,并对飞行质量(包括飞行参数均匀性、航线精度和航线长度均匀性)进行了分析和评价。【结果】四旋翼植保无人机飞行质量优于单旋翼植保无人机,且Faqe-UAV飞行质量优于Saqe-UAV;Faqe-UAV在整个作业区域内的飞行参数变化的均匀性最佳,飞行速度和飞行高度参数变化的均匀性分别为3.66%和4.67%;Faqe-UAV的平均飞行航线偏差最小,为0.172 m。飞行方向对Saqe-UAV飞行参数的影响显著,但对Faqe-UAV飞行参数的影响不显著;航线长度对Faqe-UAV飞行参数的影响显著,但对SaqeUAV飞行速度的影响不显著。【结论】在航空喷施作业过程中,全自主控制方式下四旋翼电动植保无人机飞行质量最佳,对药液喷施质量更有保障。 相似文献
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光滑足距小蠹[Xylosandrus germanus(Blandford)]雌成虫具有明显的趋光性,光照强度为1~400 lx时,趋光性随光照强度提高而增强。25℃时,完全黑暗条件下该小蠹雌成虫不起飞,光照强度为1~1 500 lx时,起飞虫量随光照强度的增加而增加,且起飞虫量在光照强度为1 500 lx时达最大,光照强度超过1 500 lx时,起飞虫量又逐渐减少。在光照强度400 lx、温度21℃时雌成虫开始起飞,温度21~30℃,起飞虫量随温度升而增加,温度为25~27℃时起飞虫量较多,温度升至35℃时,小蠹雌成虫停止飞行。研究表明,光照和温度两个因素中,温度是光滑足距小蠹雌成虫起飞的先决条件,只有当环境温度高于起飞的临界温度(21℃)时,在低光照强度下雌成虫才起飞。 相似文献
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小型植保无人机喷雾参数对橘树冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
【目的】探索小型植保无人机对果树喷施作业的雾滴沉积分布效果及应用前景,研究小型植保无人机喷雾参数对橘树冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响。【方法】采用三因素(飞行高度、飞行速度、喷施流量)的正交试验,应用小型六旋翼植保无人机进行喷雾试验。【结果】根据雾滴沉积密度和雾滴沉积均匀性结果,较佳的作业参数是喷头流量1.0 L·min~(-1)、作业高度2.5 m、作业速度4 m·s~(-1),影响雾滴沉积密度的主次顺序依次为作业速度、作业高度、喷头流量;根据雾滴沉积穿透性结果,作业高度均为2.0 m的试验号2(作业速度4 m·s~(-1),喷头流量0.6 L·min~(-1))和试验号8(作业速度1 m·s~(-1),喷头流量1.0 L·min~(-1))中雾滴沉积穿透性分别为22.21%和22.41%,其雾滴覆盖密度大且穿透性较好;影响雾滴沉积穿透性的因素主次顺序为作业高度、作业速度、喷头流量。【结论】针对植保无人机旋翼风场的影响和橘树独特的树形结构,对植保无人机的作业参数进行了优选,以保证航空喷施作业雾滴在橘树冠层的有效沉积分布。本试验研究可为小型无人机对果树的合理喷施、提高喷施效率提供参考和指导。 相似文献
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Physiological deterioration in the male macaque monkey flown in Biosatellite III necessitated its recall after 8.5 days of a planned 30-day flight. For the first 7 days the only telemetered signs of a progressive general decline were falling brain temperature and lowered central venous pressure, which occurred in the last 3 days of flight. Fluid loss in flight was high, caused initially by sweating and later by diuresis, and appeared to arise in redistribution of blood in visceral pools as a consequence of weightlessness. Death occurred suddenly 12 hours after the flight and was caused by ventricular fibrillation. 相似文献
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Flying insects have evolved sophisticated sensory capabilities to achieve rapid course control during aerial maneuvers. Among two-winged insects such as houseflies and their relatives, the hind wings are modified into club-shaped, mechanosensory halteres, which detect Coriolis forces and thereby mediate flight stability during maneuvers. Here, we show that mechanosensory input from the antennae serves a similar role during flight in hawk moths, which are four-winged insects. The antennae of flying moths vibrate and experience Coriolis forces during aerial maneuvers. The antennal vibrations are transduced by individual units of Johnston's organs at the base of their antennae in a frequency range characteristic of the Coriolis input. Reduction of the mechanical input to Johnston's organs by removing the antennal flagellum of these moths severely disrupted their flight stability, but reattachment of the flagellum restored their flight control. The antennae thus play a crucial role in maintaining flight stability of moths. 相似文献
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Under standard conditions of temperature, humidity, and (artificial) diet, loss in flight ability is paralleled by a decline of up to 66(2/3) percent in activity of enzymes dephosphorylating organophosphorous compounds in the thoracic flight muscle. Concomitantly, the content of adenosine triphosphate in the flight muscle increases five times, while the content of adenosine monophosphate correspondingly diminishes. 相似文献
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农用小型无人机转弯掉头模式及全区域覆盖下作业路径规划与优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】具备自主飞行、航线规划与优化、精准控制与变量作业能力是农用小型无人机(Agricultural smallunmanned aerial vehicle, ASUAV)的发展方向。本研究为ASUAV在全区域覆盖下自主飞行作业前的航线拐点坐标解算、飞行航向、起降点位置以及转弯掉头模式等提供优化选择。【方法】利用基于自主恒速飞行和最小转弯半径约束的无人机转弯掉头策略,分析并设计了任意凸多边形作业区域下无人机的路径规划方法,提出了基于幅宽微变的航线归整法路径规划方案,并对结构化农田区域实现全区域覆盖条件下的路径进行了规划与优化选择。【结果】基于最优转弯掉头模式下的ASUAV全区域覆盖路径规划方法适用于任意凸多边形结构的农田区域,GUI程序在解算地头边界航线拐点坐标的同时能优化选择出效率最高的飞行作业航线。在试验田随机规划出一个面积约为2.7 hm2的不规则凸六边形田块,仿真发现当无人机沿着平行于最长边飞行作业时,其空行行程最短,约为540 m,工作效率也最高,接近90%。【结论】经过优化选择后的ASUAV掉头转弯模式、起降点位置、飞行航向以及解算后航线拐点坐标等可以实现全区域覆盖,研究结果为ASUAV自主飞行作业提供了参考。 相似文献
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利用昆虫飞行数据微机采集分析系统研究油松毛虫成虫飞翔能力，模拟测试结果的分析表明：油松毛虫成虫具有一定的飞翔能力，但雌雄蛾飞翔能力差异很大，雄蛾的飞翔能力及可飞翔的日龄均高于雌蛾；不同龄期成虫的飞翔能力亦不同，其中１～３日龄为最适飞行阶段。基于上述分析结果，用逐步回归等数学方法，建立了反映油松毛虫成虫飞翔能力的数学模型。 相似文献
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【目的】评价不同糖类物质对多异瓢虫捕食能力和飞行能力的影响,为发挥多异瓢虫的控害效能提供理论依据。【方法】在补充不同糖类营养后,室内测定多异瓢虫成虫在不同棉蚜密度条件下的捕食量,通过室内飞行磨系统测定不同处理下多异瓢虫的各项飞行参数。【结果】补充不同糖类营养后多异瓢虫成虫对棉蚜4龄若虫的捕食功能反应属于Holling-Ⅱ型。补充糖类营养后,随猎物密度逐渐增加,多异瓢虫对猎物的捕食能力增加,搜寻能力逐渐下降,与清水处理相比,葡萄糖、蔗糖处理下多异瓢虫捕食能力和搜寻能力均有提高,雌成虫日最大捕食量分别可达675.68、757.58头,雄成虫日最大捕食量可达374.53、609.76头;补充葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、棉子糖后多异瓢虫累计飞行时间及累计飞行距离均显著延长,雌成虫累计飞行时间分别为7.78、6.17、7.58、6.80和6.63 h,累计飞行距离分别为9.51、7.70、8.46、6.94、7.12 km,雄成虫累计飞行时间分别为4.69、4.99、5.17、5.09和5.20 h,累计飞行距离分别为4.53、5.41、5.28、4.72和5.52 km;多异瓢虫雌虫在补充葡萄... 相似文献
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In late 2018, the fall armyworm(FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda Smith(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) made its arrival in China and its populations have since proliferated across most of eastern Asia. While S. frugiperda exhibits a considerable dispersal capacity and engages in long-distance migration, there's only scant information on the species' flight capability. Here, we empirically assessed S. frugiperda flight activity under varying climatic conditions using a flight mill. More specifically, under laboratory conditions, FAW exhibited superior flight performance at 20–25°C and 60–90% relative humidity(RH). When quantifying flight performance over five consecutive nights(i.e., 10 h/night), all flight parameters initially increased and then gradually dropped and FAW adults attained a total flight distance, duration and velocity equal to 63.73 km(48.42–94.12 km)(median, quartile range), 24.12 h(20.87–27.73 h) and 2.73 km h~(–1)(2.13–3.33 km h~(–1)), respectively. Our work constitutes a first comprehensive assessment of S. frugiperda flight performance and provides baseline information for future efforts to forecast spatiotemporal changes in its geographical distribution, movement patterns and invasion trajectories. Such can ultimately permit a timely and targeted deployment of area-wide pest management measures against this newly-invasive pest in China and across eastern Asia. 相似文献