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1.
采用单因素试验、正交试验设计对产纤维素酶的里氏木霉RutC—30菌株进行了液体摇瓶发酵条件优化实验。结果表明,在pH为4.8、每50 mL发酵液接种2.5 mL菌种时,里氏木霉RutC—30菌株产酶发酵最优培养条件是:工业纤维素30 g/L、(NH4)2SO412 g/L、Mandels营养盐浓缩液125 mL/L。在此条件下,发酵产生的纤维素酶滤纸酶活达到4.845 U.m L-1,相对于微晶纤维素碳源提高了49.6%。同时,在本实验中还发现里氏木霉RutC—30菌株的生长与产酶存在着偶联性。通过优化实验,里氏木霉RutC—30菌株达到了比较高的产纤维素酶能力,为纤维素酶进一步工业化生产奠定了一定基础。 相似文献
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研究了生产低聚木糖(XOS)所得的废渣对里氏木霉纤维素酶合成的诱导作用和纤维素酶水解特性.废渣对里氏木霉合成纤维素酶的诱导作用较差,而纤维素酶水解性能优异.里氏木霉以含纤维素15 g/L的废渣为碳源合成纤维素酶,滤纸酶活为0.48 FPIU/mL,酶产率为6.67 FPIU/(L·h),酶得率为每克纤维素32.00 FPIU,而在相同条件下以玉米芯为碳源时滤纸酶活为3.20 FPIU/mL、酶产率19.00 FPIU/(L·h)和酶得率每克纤维素213.33 FPIU.质量浓度为20 g/L的废渣在酶用量为每克纤维素10 FPIU条件下水解24 h,水解得率达92.8 %;底物废渣质量浓度为100 g/L时,48 h纤维素酶水解得率达到80.6 %. 相似文献
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以绿色木霉Trichoderma viride LH-0ll为产酶菌株,利用自制复合碳源,就碳源浓度、氮源种类及碳氮比等因素对β-聚糖酶的诱导合成的影响进行了研究.结果表明:以15 g/L预处理玉米芯Ⅰ为碳源,利用复合氮源((NNH4)2SO4 尿素 蛋白胨).控制C/N为6.4,调节初始pH值4.8,温度为28～30℃,150 r/min摇瓶培养72 h,纤维素酶活力和木聚糖酶活力分别达到了3.34 U/mL和13.2 U/mL. 相似文献
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里氏木霉选择性合成木聚糖醇的研究（Ⅰ） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在一定条件下,里氏木霉可选择性地合成木聚糖酶,选择性合成程度与碳源种类,碳源浓度及碳氮比大小有关。以低纤维素污染的木聚糖为碳源,适当降低碳源的浓度,提高碳氮比可以提高木糖糖酶选择性合成的程度。 相似文献
7.
几种纤维素酶制剂水解和吸附性能的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
比较了商品纤维素酶和自产纤维素酶在蛋白组分及蛋白组分含量上存在的差异。商品纤维素酶水解稀酸预处理和蒸汽爆破预处理的玉米秸秆,其水解得率均低于自产纤维素酶。以蒸汽爆破的玉米秸秆为碳源制备纤维素酶,添加外源8 IU/g(以纤维素计)的β-葡萄糖苷酶,水解蒸汽爆破的玉米秸秆48 h,纤维素水解得率为90.08%;水解液中纤维二糖的质量浓度从17.06 g/L降低到1.12 g/L,相应葡萄糖质量浓度从21.09 g/L提高到44.01 g/L,可发酵性糖从55.28%提高到97.52%。微晶纤维素对商品酶和自产酶的吸附在30 m in达到平衡,且符合Langmu ir等温吸附方程;由Langmu ir常数分析得知两类酶均来自里氏木霉,且对微晶纤维素的亲和力相差不大。 相似文献
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纸浆漂白用木聚糖酶的选择性合成 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
以里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei) Rut C-30为产酶菌,研究了碳源、培养温度、初始pH值、碳氮比对木聚糖酶和纤维素酶合成的影响.结果表明,粗木聚糖和亚硫酸盐纸浆混合作为碳源有利于木聚糖酶和纤维素酶的合成;低温有利于木聚糖酶和纤维素酶的合成,但产酶时间较长,高温对木聚糖酶的合成有一定的影响,对纤维素酶的合成能有效地抑制,且产酶时间较短;初始pH值低有利于纤维素酶的合成,初始pH值高则延长了木聚糖酶的合成时间,且强烈抑制纤维素酶的合成;低碳氮比有利于纤维素酶的合成,高碳氮比使得木聚糖酶的合成滞后,能够有效抑制纤维素酶的合成.以粗木聚糖和亚硫酸盐纸浆混合作为碳源,调控培养温度、初始pH值和碳氮比能有效地促进木聚糖酶的合成,抑制纤维素酶的合成,致使木聚糖酶活与纤维素酶活的比值提高,从而有利于选择性合成纸浆漂白用木聚糖酶,调控培养方式为:提高碳氮比(7.2)和初始pH值(6.0),在培养初期(1 d)培养温度为35～36 ℃,中后期培养温度25～26 ℃,调控6 d后,木聚糖酶酶活和纤维素酶酶活分别为186.93和0.156 IU/mL,酶活比为1 198. 相似文献
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β-葡萄糖苷酶的制备及在纤维素辅助水解上的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了固体发酵法制备β-葡萄糖苷酶及其在纤维素水解上的应用.黑曲霉NL02以玉米芯和麸皮为碳源固体发酵制备β-葡萄糖苷酶,培养5d,酶活力达到225.43IU/g(以干曲计).粗β-葡萄糖苷酶酶液经硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换层析、凝胶过滤层析纯化,获得单一β-葡萄糖苷酶组分,酶活回收率和比活力分别为69.34%和133.88IU/mg.底物质量浓度为100g/L的稀硫酸预处理玉米秸秆,经酶用量为20FPIU/g(以纤维素计)的里氏木霉纤维素酶和4IU/g(以纤维素计)的β-葡萄糖苷酶水解48h,水解糖液中纤维二糖和葡萄糖质量浓度分别为1.12和42.68g/L,纤维素水解得率和可发酵性糖的比例分别为62.85%和97.44%. 相似文献
10.
里氏木霉与黑曲霉混合发酵产纤维素酶的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究了利用里氏木霉和黑曲霉混合培养的形式产纤维素酶,以两个菌种的不同接种比和延迟黑曲霉的接种时间来寻找两个菌种发挥最大协同作用的结合点.以农林废弃物之一的玉米秸秆为底物,经过蒸汽爆破预处理后,用作产酶碳源.以里氏木霉单一培养与黑曲霉单一培养为参照进行对比研究.结果表明,黑曲霉接种较里氏木霉延迟48h,里氏木霉与黑曲霉接种量比为5: 1时,滤纸酶活最高,达3.295IU/mL,高于里氏木霉单一培养(2.480IU/mL),β - 葡萄糖苷酶活达1.010IU/mL,也远远高于里氏木霉单一培养(0.243IU/mL).本实验充分证明里氏木霉与黑曲霉混合培养产酶是可行的,并优于单一菌种培养. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献