共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
烟粉虱复合种不同地理种群的遗传分化 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) 是由具有遗传分化的不同地理种群组成的复合种。本文介绍了烟粉虱不同地理种群遗传分化的最新研究进展，并在世界各国对烟粉虱核糖体ITS1(rDNA ITS1)、线粒体COI（mtDNA COI）基因大量测序的基础上，进一步分析了烟粉虱不同地理种群的遗传分化。根据mtDNA COI和rDNA ITS1基因序列分析的结果，烟粉虱不同地理种群可分为5组，即亚洲组（Asia group）、美洲组（America group）、非洲组（Africa group）、澳洲组(Australia group)、B型/地中海/中东/北非/Ms型组(Biotype B/Mediterranean/Middle Eastern/Northern Africa/Biotype Ms group)；此外，还包括3个没有特定组的种群，即乌干达（Uganda）、科特迪瓦（Ivory Coast和台湾（Taiwan）种群。地理隔离可能是造成烟粉虱不同地理种群遗传分化的最重要驱动力。许多具有入侵性或生物学优势的烟粉虱种群随着人类活动而传入新的地区，造成了严重的经济损失。有必要加强烟粉虱生物型的监测，遏制已入侵烟粉虱种群的蔓延，防止新的具有潜在危险性的烟粉虱种群传入中国。 相似文献
2.
CHU Dong LIU Guo-xia FAN Zhong-xue TAO Yun-li ZHANG You-jun 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2007,6(6):696-705
Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） is a species complex, which includes different geographical populations with genetic differentiation. The recent progress on the genetic differentiation of various geographical populations of B. tabaci complex was introduced. The genetic differentiation was further analyzed on the basis of the sequences of mtDNA COI and rDNA ITS1 recorded in the world＇s GenBank. Five groups are defined on the basis of mtDNA COI and rDNA ITS1, including the Asia group, America group, Africa group, Australia group, and Biotype B/Mediterranean/Middle East/ Northern Africa/Biotype Ms group. There are several ungrouped geographical classifications, such as the Uganda population, Ivory Coast population, and Taiwan population. Geographical isolation may be the most important factor that contributed to the genetic differentiation of various geographical populations of B. tabaci. Many populations with biological advantages invaded new regions and caused severe economic losses within human activity. It is necessary to strengthen the research of B. tabaci biotype to prevent the spread of invaded populations and the invasion of potentially dangerous populations. 相似文献
3.
The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gabriel SB Schaffner SF Nguyen H Moore JM Roy J Blumenstiel B Higgins J DeFelice M Lochner A Faggart M Liu-Cordero SN Rotimi C Adeyemo A Cooper R Ward R Lander ES Daly MJ Altshuler D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5576):2225-2229
Haplotype-based methods offer a powerful approach to disease gene mapping, based on the association between causal mutations and the ancestral haplotypes on which they arose. As part of The SNP Consortium Allele Frequency Projects, we characterized haplotype patterns across 51 autosomal regions (spanning 13 megabases of the human genome) in samples from Africa, Europe, and Asia. We show that the human genome can be parsed objectively into haplotype blocks: sizable regions over which there is little evidence for historical recombination and within which only a few common haplotypes are observed. The boundaries of blocks and specific haplotypes they contain are highly correlated across populations. We demonstrate that such haplotype frameworks provide substantial statistical power in association studies of common genetic variation across each region. Our results provide a foundation for the construction of a haplotype map of the human genome, facilitating comprehensive genetic association studies of human disease. 相似文献
4.
Ke Y Su B Song X Lu D Chen L Li H Qi C Marzuki S Deka R Underhill P Xiao C Shriver M Lell J Wallace D Wells RS Seielstad M Oefner P Zhu D Jin J Huang W Chakraborty R Chen Z Jin L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5519):1151-1153
To test the hypotheses of modern human origin in East Asia, we sampled 12,127 male individuals from 163 populations and typed for three Y chromosome biallelic markers (YAP, M89, and M130). All the individuals carried a mutation at one of the three sites. These three mutations (YAP+, M89T, and M130T) coalesce to another mutation (M168T), which originated in Africa about 35,000 to 89,000 years ago. Therefore, the data do not support even a minimal in situ hominid contribution in the origin of anatomically modern humans in East Asia. 相似文献
5.
Rasmussen M Guo X Wang Y Lohmueller KE Rasmussen S Albrechtsen A Skotte L Lindgreen S Metspalu M Jombart T Kivisild T Zhai W Eriksson A Manica A Orlando L De La Vega FM Tridico S Metspalu E Nielsen K Ávila-Arcos MC Moreno-Mayar JV Muller C Dortch J Gilbert MT Lund O Wesolowska A Karmin M Weinert LA Wang B Li J Tai S Xiao F Hanihara T van Driem G Jha AR Ricaut FX de Knijff P Migliano AB Gallego Romero I Kristiansen K Lambert DM Brunak S Forster P Brinkmann B Nehlich O Bunce M Richards M Gupta R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6052):94-98
We present an Aboriginal Australian genomic sequence obtained from a 100-year-old lock of hair donated by an Aboriginal man from southern Western Australia in the early 20th century. We detect no evidence of European admixture and estimate contamination levels to be below 0.5%. We show that Aboriginal Australians are descendants of an early human dispersal into eastern Asia, possibly 62,000 to 75,000 years ago. This dispersal is separate from the one that gave rise to modern Asians 25,000 to 38,000 years ago. We also find evidence of gene flow between populations of the two dispersal waves prior to the divergence of Native Americans from modern Asian ancestors. Our findings support the hypothesis that present-day Aboriginal Australians descend from the earliest humans to occupy Australia, likely representing one of the oldest continuous populations outside Africa. 相似文献
6.
Thangaraj K Chaubey G Kivisild T Reddy AG Singh VK Rasalkar AA Singh L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5724):996
The origin of the Andaman "Negrito" and Nicobar "Mongoloid" populations has been ambiguous. Our analyses of complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from Onges and Great Andaman populations revealed two deeply branching clades that share their most recent common ancestor in founder haplogroup M, with lineages spread among India, Africa, East Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. This distribution suggests that these two clades have likely survived in genetic isolation since the initial settlement of the islands during an out-of-Africa migration by anatomically modern humans. In contrast, Nicobarese sequences illustrate a close genetic relationship with populations from Southeast Asia. 相似文献
7.
Macaulay V Hill C Achilli A Rengo C Clarke D Meehan W Blackburn J Semino O Scozzari R Cruciani F Taha A Shaari NK Raja JM Ismail P Zainuddin Z Goodwin W Bulbeck D Bandelt HJ Oppenheimer S Torroni A Richards M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5724):1034-1036
A recent dispersal of modern humans out of Africa is now widely accepted, but the routes taken across Eurasia are still disputed. We show that mitochondrial DNA variation in isolated "relict" populations in southeast Asia supports the view that there was only a single dispersal from Africa, most likely via a southern coastal route, through India and onward into southeast Asia and Australasia. There was an early offshoot, leading ultimately to the settlement of the Near East and Europe, but the main dispersal from India to Australia approximately 65,000 years ago was rapid, most likely taking only a few thousand years. 相似文献
8.
Lobell DB Burke MB Tebaldi C Mastrandrea MD Falcon WP Naylor RL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5863):607-610
Investments aimed at improving agricultural adaptation to climate change inevitably favor some crops and regions over others. An analysis of climate risks for crops in 12 food-insecure regions was conducted to identify adaptation priorities, based on statistical crop models and climate projections for 2030 from 20 general circulation models. Results indicate South Asia and Southern Africa as two regions that, without sufficient adaptation measures, will likely suffer negative impacts on several crops that are important to large food-insecure human populations. We also find that uncertainties vary widely by crop, and therefore priorities will depend on the risk attitudes of investment institutions. 相似文献
9.
短枝木麻黄群体的遗传分化和遗传结构 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用RAPD技术对4个短枝木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)种群的遗传分化和群体遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明,短枝木麻黄具有较高的遗传多样性,但各种群的遗传多样性大小不一,由大到小依次为天然分布于澳大利亚、太平洋群岛的原生种群(YSAP)>引种于亚洲的次生种群(CSAS)>引种于非洲的次生种群(CSAF)>天然分布于东南亚的原生种群(YSAS)。遗传变异分析表明,短枝木麻黄群体的遗传变异主要存在于群体内,种群间遗传多样性比例(Hsp-Hpop)/Hsp=0.246,遗传分化系数GST=0.263,种群间变异比率φST=0.278 9,即群体内变异占了72.11%,群体间变异占27.89%。UPGMA聚类分析将4个短枝木麻黄种群归为2类,YSAS与CSAS的亲缘关系较密切,而YSAP与CSAF有着更亲密的关系,这在一定程度上反映了次生种群的主要引种来源。 相似文献
10.
合作猪、迪庆藏猪和成华猪的血清运铁蛋白多型性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用水平板淀粉凝胶电泳法测定了55头合作猪、52头迪庆藏猪和40头成华猪的皿清运铁蛋白座位的多型性,将所测结果与其它39个亚欧非地方猪群体相比较发现,TfB基因在所有地方猪群体中都存在,TfA基因在中国地方猪群体中常见,TfC基因在亚洲地方猪群体中有从北到南逐渐增多的趋势。 相似文献
11.
The replacement theory of modern human origins stipulates that populations outside of Africa were replaced by a new African species of modern humans. Here we test the replacement theory in two peripheral areas far from Africa by examining the ancestry of early modern Australians and Central Europeans. Analysis of pairwise differences was used to determine if dual ancestry in local archaic populations and earlier modern populations from the Levant and/or Africa could be rejected. The data imply that both have a dual ancestry. The diversity of recent humans cannot result exclusively from a single Late Pleistocene dispersal. 相似文献
12.
Anderson JF Andreadis TG Vossbrinck CR Tirrell S Wakem EM French RA Garmendia AE Van Kruiningen HJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5448):2331-2333
West Nile (WN) virus, a mosquito-transmitted virus native to Africa, Asia, and Europe, was isolated from two species of mosquitoes, Culex pipiens and Aedes vexans, and from brain tissues of 28 American crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos, and one Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii, in Connecticut. A portion of the genome of virus isolates from four different hosts was sequenced and analyzed by comparative phylogenetic analysis. Our isolates from Connecticut were similar to one another and most closely related to two WN isolates from Romania (2.8 and 3.6 percent difference). If established in North America, WN virus will likely have severe effects on human health and on the health of populations of birds. 相似文献
13.
14.
贺文同 《北京林业大学学报》1992,14(2):102-106
根据对北京地区木本植物属的统计分析,结果可划分为14种土理分布类型,以温带分布为主,占区系成分属数的71.7％,其中以北温带分布类型占主导地位;与热带植物区系有一定联系,占区系成分的24.5％;与各大洲植物区系存在着广泛的联系。 相似文献
15.
Joy DA Feng X Mu J Furuya T Chotivanich K Krettli AU Ho M Wang A White NJ Suh E Beerli P Su XZ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5617):318-321
The emergence of virulent Plasmodium falciparum in Africa within the past 6000 years as a result of a cascade of changes in human behavior and mosquito transmission has recently been hypothesized. Here, we provide genetic evidence for a sudden increase in the African malaria parasite population about 10,000 years ago, followed by migration to other regions on the basis of variation in 100 worldwide mitochondrial DNA sequences. However, both the world and some regional populations appear to be older (50,000 to 100,000 years old), suggesting an earlier wave of migration out of Africa, perhaps during the Pleistocene migration of human beings. 相似文献
16.
European Neandertals were replaced by modern human populations from Africa ~40,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence from the best-documented region of Europe shows that during this replacement human populations increased by one order of magnitude, suggesting that numerical supremacy alone may have been a critical factor in facilitating this replacement. 相似文献
17.
Olivieri A Achilli A Pala M Battaglia V Fornarino S Al-Zahery N Scozzari R Cruciani F Behar DM Dugoujon JM Coudray C Santachiara-Benerecetti AS Semino O Bandelt HJ Torroni A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5806):1767-1770
Sequencing of 81 entire human mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) belonging to haplogroups M1 and U6 reveals that these predominantly North African clades arose in southwestern Asia and moved together to Africa about 40,000 to 45,000 years ago. Their arrival temporally overlaps with the event(s) that led to the peopling of Europe by modern humans and was most likely the result of the same change in climate conditions that allowed humans to enter the Levant, opening the way to the colonization of both Europe and North Africa. Thus, the early Upper Palaeolithic population(s) carrying M1 and U6 did not return to Africa along the southern coastal route of the "out of Africa" exit, but from the Mediterranean area; and the North African Dabban and European Aurignacian industries derived from a common Levantine source. 相似文献
18.
Armitage SJ Jasim SA Marks AE Parker AG Usik VI Uerpmann HP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6016):453-456
The timing of the dispersal of anatomically modern humans (AMH) out of Africa is a fundamental question in human evolutionary studies. Existing data suggest a rapid coastal exodus via the Indian Ocean rim around 60,000 years ago. We present evidence from Jebel Faya, United Arab Emirates, demonstrating human presence in eastern Arabia during the last interglacial. The tool kit found at Jebel Faya has affinities to the late Middle Stone Age in northeast Africa, indicating that technological innovation was not necessary to facilitate migration into Arabia. Instead, we propose that low eustatic sea level and increased rainfall during the transition between marine isotope stages 6 and 5 allowed humans to populate Arabia. This evidence implies that AMH may have been present in South Asia before the Toba eruption. 相似文献
19.
利用1948～2007年资料,对夏季热带东风急流(TEJ)的结构、亚非季风区夏季降水分布以及TEJ变化与亚非季风区夏季降水的关系进行了研究。结果表明,热带东风急流主要覆盖了热带地区从日界线向西延伸到非洲西海岸的大片地区,其核心位于150～100hPa印度半岛南部10°～15°N,中心风速超过35 m/s;急流中线大致位于70°E,以东是急流的入口区,以西是出口区;在急流的入口区和出口区存在2个近于相反的垂直环流。多年亚非季风区夏季降水分布与热带东风急流的位置和强度有密切关系,在急流不同部位降水特征不同,多雨区主要出现在急流入口区右侧和出口区左侧。热带东风急流与降水分布的关系可以用急流不同部位的垂直速度不同来解释。 相似文献
20.
【目的】生姜为无性繁殖作物,千百年来,在经历气候变迁、自然选择和人工选择过程中,其生物学性状呈现出多方面变异,造就了许多地方品种。因此,研究生姜种质资源的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,对生姜资源进行科学分类,为生姜种质的收集、保护和创新利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用CTAB法提取生姜幼叶基因组DNA,利用SRAP（相关序列扩增多态性,sequence-related amplified polymorphism）分子标记技术,对来源于世界不同地区的51份生姜种质的基因组DNA进行多态性扩增,PCR产物采用6%变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离,采用银染法显色。根据电泳结果得到“0,1”矩阵,利用POPGENE version1.32软件计算每对引物的多态性位点数、多态性位点百分率,以及有效等位基因数Ne、Nei’s遗传相似系数（GS）、遗传距离（GD）、Nei’s遗传多样性指数、Shannon信息指数等指标,并采用NTSYS version2.10e软件进行种质间的UPGMA（非加权组平均法,unweighted pair-group method）聚类分析和基于Nei’s遗传距离的组群间的聚类分析,对生姜资源进行分类;同时,根据不同生态区之间生姜种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,结合植物起源中心相关特性及历史记载,探讨生姜的起源与传播。【结果】筛选出的15对引物共扩增出305条带,其中188条为多态性条带,多态性比率为61.68%,平均每对引物扩增出20.33个位点和12.53个多态性位点,说明生姜的遗传变异较为广泛。51份生姜种质的Nei’s遗传多样性指数、Shannon信息指数平均值分别为0.3689、0.5510,据此可将生姜种质分为3个大类、9个亚类,分析比较发现,每一类的生姜多来源于相同或相近区域。进一步研究表明,7个不同地理来源群体的Shannon信息指数范围是0.2901-0.4807,在遗传相似系数为0.9时,可将7个群体分为4类,华北群体、非洲群体各为一类,东南亚群体与日韩群体为一类,东南沿海群体、西南高原群体、华中群体为一类。【结论】品种间基于Nei’s遗传多样性指数和Shannon信息指数的分析表明,生姜虽为无性繁殖作物,但其遗传多样性较为丰富;根据遗传相似系数的UPGMA聚类分析结果,生姜种质资源的遗传多样性受地理来源影响较大;群体间遗传多样性分析表明,中国国内群体的遗传多样性高于国外群体,尤其华北群体与其他群体的遗传距离较远,且其栽培历史悠久,可以判定中国华北地区是生姜的次生起源地;而鉴于非洲群体的遗传多样性指数较高,与其他群体的遗传距离较远,且空间分布距中心位置较近,又有野生种存在,据此推断非洲可能是除东南亚之外的另一生姜原生起源地。 相似文献