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Muhammad Zohaib Nawaz Raghul Subin Sasidharan Huda Ahmed Alghamdi Hongyue Dang 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)
Environmental microbes living in communities engage in complex interspecies interactions that are challenging to decipher. Nevertheless, the interactions provide the basis for shaping community structure and functioning, which is crucial for ecosystem service. In addition, microbial interactions facilitate specific adaptation and ecological evolution processes particularly essential for microbial communities dwelling in resource-limiting habitats, such as the deep oceans. Recent technological and knowledge advancements provide an opportunity for the study of interactions within complex microbial communities, such as those inhabiting deep-sea waters and sediments. The microbial interaction studies provide insights into developing new strategies for biotechnical applications. For example, cooperative microbial interactions drive the degradation of complex organic matter such as chitins and celluloses. Such microbiologically-driven biogeochemical processes stimulate creative designs in many applied sciences. Understanding the interaction processes and mechanisms provides the basis for the development of synthetic communities and consequently the achievement of specific community functions. Microbial community engineering has many application potentials, including the production of novel antibiotics, biofuels, and other valuable chemicals and biomaterials. It can also be developed into biotechniques for waste processing and environmental contaminant bioremediation. This review summarizes our current understanding of the microbial interaction mechanisms and emerging techniques for inferring interactions in deep-sea microbial communities, aiding in future biotechnological and therapeutic applications. 相似文献
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小麦季不同耕作方式对砂姜黑土玉米农田土壤微生物特性及酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在山东省砂姜黑土田小麦、玉米轮作双季秸秆还田下,以传统小麦季旋耕为对照(CK),开展定位耕作试验探讨小麦季不同耕作措施对夏玉米灌浆期土壤微生物量和酶活性的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,免耕模式下能显著增加0~20 cm土层真菌数量(+48.4%)、土壤微生物生物量碳SMBC(+84.3%)和SMBC/SMBN比值(+100%;土壤蔗糖酶活性显著降低(-43.1%)。深耕和深松模式下微生物生物量碳(SMBC)与CK差异均不显著,微生物生物量氮(SMBN)显著降低,分别比对照下降33.0%和37.9%。深松模式下SMBC/SMBN比对照增加138%,深耕和深松下土壤脲酶活性均显著高于其它模式。本区域砂姜黑土农田在小麦季传统旋耕基础上,可适当结合免耕和深松进行轮耕以促进玉米季土壤碳氮转化,提升土壤质量。 相似文献
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培养条件下秸秆还田对水稻土微生物活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用室内培养的方法,以秸秆不还田为对照,通过监测土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)、矿质氮、微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)含量和主要微生物类群数量,研究了水稻秸秆直接还田(SF0)与氯仿熏蒸预处理后还田(SF1)稻田土壤微生物活性变化及其差异。结果表明,与对照相比,经过28 d恒温培养,秸秆还田处理(SF0和SF1)的土壤可溶性有机碳含量显著增加,矿质氮含量显著降低;SF0和SF1处理的土壤微生物量碳、氮含量与对照相比显著增加,而且微生物量氮对秸秆介入的响应更为敏感;与不还田相比,秸秆还田促进了土壤微生物的繁殖,SF0和SF1处理的土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量显著增加;SF0处理的土壤DOC含量、细菌和放线菌数量显著高于SF1处理,与秸秆直接还田相比,熏蒸预处理后还田的土壤微生物活性及秸秆腐解程度均显著降低。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) strain PPRI 5339 [BroadBand, an emulsifiable spore concentrate (EC) formulation] and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) strain F52 [Met52, both EC and granular (GR) formulations] against the larvae of Polyphylla fullo (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Larvicidal bioassays were performed in foam boxes (100 by 75 by 50 cm; length by width by height), containing moist soil medium with some humus and potato tubers as food. Although the B. bassiana product (min. 4 × 109 conidia/ml) was applied at 100, 150, and 200 ml/100 l water; M. anisopliae strain F52 was applied at 500, 1,000, and 1,500 g/m3 of moist soil medium for GR (9 × 108 cfu/g) and 75, 100, and 125 ml/100 l water for EC (5.5 × 109 conidia/ml) formulation. Both fungi were pathogenic to larvae of the pest; however, young larvae (1st and 2nd instars) were more susceptible to infection than older ones (3rd instar). Mortality rates of young and older larvae varied with conidial concentration of both fungi and elapsed time after application. The B. bassiana product was more effective than both of the formulations of the M. anisopliae product, causing mortalities up to 79.8 and 71.6% in young and older larvae, respectively. The highest mortality rates of young and older larvae caused by the M. anisopliae product were 74.1 and 67.6% for the GR formulation, 70.2 and 61.8% for the EC formulation, respectively. These results may suggest that both fungi have potential to be used for management of P. fullo. 相似文献
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Four commercial biocontrol formulations (Bacillus subtilis GB03, Burkholderia ambifaria type Wisconsin isolate J82, Trichoderma virens Gl-21, and Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22), a chemical seed treatment (thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, and cymoxanil mixture, TMC), and a combination chemical/biological treatment, were compared with no-pathogen and pathogen-treated controls, and monitored in two field seasons in Maine for their effects on the development of Rhizoctonia disease of potato and soil microbial community characteristics. All treatments reduced the incidence and severity of stem canker (37–75% reduction) relative to the pathogen control over both years, with the best control provided by B. subtilis and the combination chemical/biological treatment (TMC/Bamb). Both bacterial treatments (B. subtilis and Bu. ambifaria) reduced severity of black scurf in both years, and T. virens reduced scurf in one year, with reductions of 11–20% relative to the pathogen control. Over both years, the B. subtilis, T. virens, and TMC/Bamb treatments increased total and marketable yield, and Bu. ambifaria increased marketable yield, by 11–15% relative to the pathogen control. Substantial populations of the added fungal agents, but not the bacteria, were detected in bulk soil at the end of the growing season. Biocontrol treatments also significantly (P < 0.05) affected soil microbial community characteristics, as assessed by single carbon source substrate utilization (SU) and whole soil fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles. Bacterial biocontrol treatments generally resulted in higher microbial activity and substrate utilization. Some effects on soil microbial communities were also observed the following spring (1 yr after application). This research indicates that biocontrol treatments can assist in the control of Rhizoctonia disease of potato, persist in soil to some degree, and have significant effects on soil microbial communities long after application. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):275-283
Summary A field experiment was conducted in 1991 to assess the effect of Effective Microorganisms (EM) on soil microorganisms and earthworm communities. Three treatments were applied to the experimental plots including compost + EM, compost alone, and chemical fertilizer alone. Soil samples were taken in autumn 1996 and spring 1997 to characterize treatment effects. Soil was analyzed for changes in microbial biomass and earthworm populations and biomass. Preliminary results indicated that (a) EM increased the soil microbial biomass, which was significantly higher in the spring than in autumn, and offset the adverse effects of cold temperatures; and (b) EM enhanced the growth and activity of earthworms in the topsoil which was readily apparent in autumn when the soil was in a relatively stable condition, but EM had little effect on earthworm populations and biomass in the spring. 相似文献
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Blanda Di Luccia Antonio Riccio Adele Vanacore Loredana Baccigalupi Antonio Molinaro Ezio Ricca 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6472-6488
The ability to produce an extracellular matrix and form multicellular communities is an adaptive behavior shared by many bacteria. In Bacillus subtilis, the model system for spore-forming bacteria, matrix production is one of the possible differentiation pathways that a cell can follow when vegetative growth is no longer feasible. While in B. subtilis the genetic system controlling matrix production has been studied in detail, it is still unclear whether other spore formers utilize similar mechanisms. We report that SF214, a pigmented strain of Bacillus pumilus isolated from the marine environment, can produce an extracellular matrix relying on orthologs of many of the genes known to be important for matrix synthesis in B. subtilis. We also report a characterization of the carbohydrates forming the extracellular matrix of strain SF214. The isolation and characterization of mutants altered in matrix synthesis, pigmentation, and spore formation suggest that in strain SF214 the three processes are strictly interconnected and regulated by a common molecular mechanism. 相似文献
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The comprehensive information of small molecules and their biological activities in the PubChem database allows chemoinformatic researchers to access and make use of large-scale biological activity data to improve the precision of drug profiling. A Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship approach, for classification, was used for the prediction of active/inactive compounds relatively to overall biological activity, antitumor and antibiotic activities using a data set of 1804 compounds from PubChem. Using the best classification models for antibiotic and antitumor activities a data set of marine and microbial natural products from the AntiMarin database were screened—57 and 16 new lead compounds for antibiotic and antitumor drug design were proposed, respectively. All compounds proposed by our approach are classified as non-antibiotic and non-antitumor compounds in the AntiMarin database. Recently several of the lead-like compounds proposed by us were reported as being active in the literature. 相似文献
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构建包含了7 680个克隆子的橡胶林土壤宏基因组文库,76.2%的质粒含有外源DNA,插入片段的平均大小约为4.3 kb,DNA文库的容量约为32.25 MB.随机挑取20个克隆子进行测序,NCBI的Blastx分析结果发现,3号与不能培养的微牛物(Candidatus Kuenenia)有一定的同源性.5号与Rickettsiella grylli的同源性达83%,可以初步推断其功能为吡哆醛生物合成裂解酶Pdxs.11号和16号与分类地位尚未确定的细菌(Solibacter)有同源性,随机测序的这20个序列中,部分序列除与裂解酶、蛋白酶、激酶等蛋白有一定的同源性外,有5个与功能尚不清楚的蛋白有一定的同源性,其中13号与假定蛋白pEA 28_O1的同源性达100%. 相似文献
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黑茶的微生物作用研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黑茶渥堆过程中的微生物作用使黑茶具有其独特的品质,本文对各种黑茶渥堆中的主要微生物的研究现状、主要微生物种类及其作用、微生物对黑茶品质形成的影响及微生物的安全性研究作一综述。 相似文献
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转无机焦磷酸化酶基因甘蔗对根际土壤微生物群落多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用Biolog Eco微平板法研究了转无机焦磷酸化酶基因甘蔗对根际土壤微生物多样性的影响.结果表明:转基因甘蔗根际土壤微生物利用单一碳源能力(A WCD)在整个培养过程都显著高于非转基因甘蔗的根际土壤微生物；转基因甘蔗和非转基因甘蔗根际土壤样品的Simpson指数(I/D,优势度)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H,物种丰富度)、Mclntosh指数(U,物种均一性)均存在差异,其中转基因甘蔗根际土壤微生物的Simpson指数、Mclntosh指数均显著高于非转基因甘蔗土壤微生物;主成分分析也表明转基因甘蔗与非转基因甘蔗土壤微生物对不同的碳源有特异利用,起分异作用的主要碳源是糖类,其次是脂肪酸和脂类.表明转基因甘蔗根系在生长期可能诱导了具有某些特定生理特征的微生物群落的发展,因此改变了土壤微生物群落的功能多样性,总体表现较高的活性. 相似文献
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增产菌不同时期处理马铃薯可明显缩短出苗期，延长苗期和初花期，且室内根和芽条生长量、大田单株主茎数、主茎粗度、单株叶面积和鲜重干重明显优于对照，用增产菌拌种，并在现蕾期和初花期两次根外喷雾，２品种单位面积产量较对照平均提高３７．７２％，块茎淀粉含量平均提高１２．７５％． 相似文献
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Combined effects on soil microbial activity of nutrient and pesticide management in hybrid rice double annual cropping system were studied. Results of field experiment demonstrated significant changes in soil microbial biomass phospholipid contents,abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria, electron transport system (ETS)/dehydrogenase activity, soil protein contents under different management practices and at various growth stages. Marked depletions in the soil microbial biomass phospholipid contents were found with the advancement of crop growth stages, while the incorporation of fertilizers and/or pesticides also induced slight changes, and the lowest microbial biomass phospholipid content was found with pesticides application alone. A decline in the bacterial abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria was observed during the continuance of crop growth, while the lowest abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria was found with pesticides application alone, which coincided with the decline of soil microbial biomass. A consistent increase in the electron transport system activity was measured during the different crop growth stages of rice. The use of fertilizers (NPK) alone or combined with pesticides increased it, while a decline was noticed with pesticides application alone as compared with the control.The soil protein content was found to be relatively stable with fertilizers and/or pesticides application at various growth stages in both crops undertaken, but notable changes were detected at different growth stages. 相似文献
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亚麻快速生物脱胶技术研究——Ⅲ．麻茎化学成分在快速生物脱胶过程中的变化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
在实验室条件下，利用亚麻脱胶茵Ym68’，对亚麻原茎进行快速脱胶试验，定期测定了麻茎中的脱胶茵活茵量、水溶物、果胶、半纤维素、木质素和纤维素等指标。结果表明，亚麻原茎中水溶物、果胶、半纤维素、木质素和纤维素含量分别为：16.57％、7．82％、19.4％、18.4％和21.01％；脱胶完成时，果胶、半纤维素和木质素脱除率分别为82．1％、17．0％和11.4％；在接种后发酵2h内，亚麻麻茎中的水溶物由16．57％迅速降至7．93％；接种后发酵2h-4h，脱胶茵活茵量的增加幅度最大，为5．88倍；麻茎中果胶、半纤维素和木质素的含量均随着时间的延长而降低。 相似文献