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文章对辽宁建平3种不同林型油松林的天然更新情况进行调查研究,结果表明：林型、林窗及地被物厚度均对油松林的天然更新有一定影响。从油松幼苗数量来看,禾草油松林〉山杏油松林〉裸岩油松林,林冠下〉林窗边缘〉林窗内。同时研究还发现,随着地被物厚度的增加,油松幼苗数量逐渐减少。 相似文献
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在全面踏查的基础上选择3种典型林型样地对建平地区油松人工林天然更新苗进行了研究,结果表明:裸岩油松林中林下油松幼苗最少,禾草油松林林下更新幼苗最多,山杏油松混交林次之;阳坡林窗内及边缘幼苗少,而阴坡条件下幼苗较多;裸岩油松林幼苗组成结构最为单一,山杏油松林最为复杂,禾草油松林次之;林下地被物的厚度对幼苗的发生与生长也有影响,地被物越厚,更新苗越少,地被物稀少,幼苗越多。 相似文献
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选取山西省黑茶山国有林管理局城庄沟林场内典型天然油松林,采用标准地调查法调查其更新情况,结果显示:该区域内天然油松林下更新树种主要有油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、白桦(Betula platyphylla)、辽东栎(Quercus wutaishansea)、皂柳(Salix wallichiana)、落叶松(Larix gmelinii),天然更新等级为中等。油松幼苗的年龄结构有着非常明显的变化,各年龄阶段的油松幼苗个体数分布不均匀;油松天然更新幼苗都在4年生以上,占总数量的90.6%,4年生以下的幼龄苗数量非常少。油松天然更新幼苗高度级个体数结构图呈"L"形,个体频率高峰出现在高度级较高的级别上,高度级较低的油松幼苗数量较少,可采取适当的人为干扰措施,减轻幼苗间的生存竞争,以促进该区域内油松天然更新幼苗成林。 相似文献
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天然更新油松林木生长进程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《山东林业科技》2016,(1)
本文通过对油松林皆伐后天然更新29年林分平均木树干解析,分析得到了不同于普通油松人工林的生长进程,从而得出结论:油松天然落种、自然出苗能力很强,只要条件具备,就能实现天然更新;依靠天然更新形成新的油松林林地生产力得到较大的提高。 相似文献
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油松天然更新的调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
油松的天然更新,是以油松林木的自身能力,借助于自然条件进行天然下种、恢复森林的。因此,油松林地的天然更新好与坏,直接影响油松林分是否长期生存、速生丰产和永续利用的大问题。为了更好地掌握和利用影响油松天然更新的因子。我们对沈阳市东南山区内的油松林地天然更新状况进行了调查研究,从中摸索油 相似文献
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油松是华北地区山地造林的重要树种.建国后七沟林场乃至全省营造的油松林,大部分进入中熟林和近熟林阶段.不久的将来,共同面临的就是伐后怎么样更新的问题.然而,多年来由于油松人工林的分布区为温带大陆性气候,干旱少雨,造林成活率不高,给油松林更新带来许多困难.在此情况下,研究油松中、近熟林林冠下或皆伐迹地的人工促进天然更新,不仅对林场大面积油松人工林的更新换代有重要意义,而且对全省乃至华北地区也有指导意义.为此,结合林业生产,七沟林场从1993年开始,先后两次在中熟林分内选择样地,采用皆伐和间伐两种方式伐掉油松林木,同时对皆伐迹地和间伐后林冠下空地采取全面封山措施,以促进油松的天然更新.2000年我们作了全面调查,现将结果总结如下: 相似文献
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森林的天然更新问题,在林业事业上具有很大的意义。油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)是华北山地的重要成林树种,可是关于油松的天然更新,却只能找到极少的文献。我们研究油松天然更新的目的,即在于,通过对它的成林过程规律的了解,为制定各种营林措施(尤其是主伐方式和林分改造)提供必要的依据。研究工作是1960—1962年在河北省承德地区平泉县大窝铺林场进行的。此外,本文中也部分地利用了我们1959年在山西省太岳林区灵空山经营所的调查材料。这两个地区都是天然油松林分布比较集中的地区。我们区分林型来研究林冠下的天然更新。每个林型一般选4—10块标准地。在每块标准地上实测立木因子,记载下木和活地被物的种类、多度和盖度以及土壤的剖面形态特征。在每块标准地的对角线上机械等距地设置20—25块样方(有时为了确定地形部位对 相似文献
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Tree regeneration and future stand development after bark beetle infestation and harvesting in Colorado lodgepole pine stands 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Byron J. CollinsCharles C. Rhoades Robert M. HubbardMichael A. Battaglia 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(11):2168-2175
In the southern Rocky Mountains, current mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreaks and associated harvesting have set millions of hectares of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex Wats.) forest onto new stand development trajectories. Information about immediate, post-disturbance tree regeneration will provide insight on dynamics of future stand composition and structure. We compared tree regeneration in eight paired harvested and untreated lodgepole pine stands in the Fraser Experimental Forest that experienced more than 70% overstory mortality due to beetles. New seedlings colonized both harvested and untreated stands in the first years after the beetle outbreak. In harvested areas the density of new seedlings, predominantly lodgepole pine and aspen, was four times higher than in untreated stands. Annual height growth of pine and fir advance regeneration (e.g., trees established prior to the onset of the outbreak) has doubled following overstory mortality in untreated stands. Growth simulations based on our regeneration data suggest that stand basal area and stem density will return to pre-beetle levels in untreated and harvested stands within 80-105 years. Furthermore, lodgepole pine will remain the dominant species in harvested stands over the next century, but subalpine fir will become the most abundant species in untreated areas. Owing to terrain, economic and administrative limitations, active management will treat a small fraction (<15%) of the forests killed by pine beetle. Our findings suggest that the long-term consequences of the outbreak will be most dramatic in untreated forests where the shift in tree species composition will influence timber and water production, wildfire behavior, wildlife habitat and other forest attributes. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):214-226
Abstract The quantitative effect of pine-dominated edge stands in southern Finland on the density and growth of pine saplings was addressed in the study. The cumulative effect of a mature edge stand on the development of a pine sapling stand with variable cutblock sizes was also estimated. The data were acquired from 10 study sites with a Scots pine sapling stand with a current dominant height of 1–6 m and an adjoining middle-aged to mature edge stand dominated by Scots pine. Tree level models were constructed to describe and simulate the structure and development of the sapling stands. The results indicated that dividing an average regeneration area (2 ha) into smaller cutblock units (1.0–0.5 ha) appreciably increased the edge stand effect. Total stand volume growth was 6% lower on 1 ha cutblocks, and 31% lower on 0.5 ha blocks, than on 2 ha blocks. 相似文献
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ZHU Jiao-jun KANG Hong-zhang TAN Hui XU Mei-ling WANG Jun 《林业研究》2005,16(4):253-259
Natural regeneration in Mongolian pine, Pinus sylvesttis var. mongolica, forest at Honghuaerji of China （the original of the natural Mongolian pine, forest on sandy land） was studied in 2004. The total mean values of regeneration indexes were higher in mature stands （more than 80% individual stems were older than 50 years）, the maximum of regeneration index reached 29 seedlings, m^ 2, with lowest values in the younger stand, e.g., in 32-year old and 43-year old stands. The stand age was an important factor determining the natural regeneration, which was the best in the older stands in this investigation （e.g. about 80-year old）. The regeneration index seemed not to be closely in relation to canopy openness although Mongolian pine is a photophilic tree species. In each type of gaps, natural regeneration was very well. Regeneration indexes were satisfactory at the south and east edges in the circle gaps; and at the east edge of the narrow-square gaps. Results indicated that Mongolian pine, seedlings could endure shading understory, but it would not enter the canopy layer without gap or large disturbance, e.g., fire, wind/snow damage or clear cutting etc. These results may provide potentially references to the management and afforestation of Mongolian pine, plantations on sandy land in arid and semi-arid areas. Researches such as the comprehensive comparisons on regeneration, structure and ecological conditions and so on between natural Mongolian pine, forests and plantations should be conducted in the future. 相似文献
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An outbreak of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins; MPB), currently affecting over 10.1 million hectares of lodgepole pine forests (Pinus contorta Dougl.) in British Columbia, Canada, is the largest in recorded history. We examined the dynamics of even-aged lodgepole pine forests in southern British Columbia, which were undergoing this MPB outbreak. Using dendroecology and forest measurements we reconstructed the stand processes of stand initiation, stand disturbances, tree mortality, and regeneration, and explained the current stand structure and the potential MPB impacts in selected stands. Our results indicate that stand-replacing fires initiated even-aged seral lodgepole pine stands in this region. In the absence of fire in the 20th century, multiple MPB disturbances, which each resulted in partial canopy removal, modified the simple one-layer structure of the fire-origin stands by the initiation of post-MPB disturbance regeneration layers, transforming the stands into complex, multi-aged stands. Despite high overstory mortality due to the current MPB outbreak, regeneration layers, which are likely to survive the current outbreak, will provide important ecological legacies and will contribute to mid-term timber supply. 相似文献
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太行山西侧油松人工林椽材阶段林木密度的探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
油松是山西太行山区的主要造林树种,现有人工林16.2万ha,由于造林密度不够合理,不少地方成林不成材。确定适宜造林密度的标准和方法是较多的,从太行山区群众生产生活中需求一定数量小径材的实际情况出发,我们认为林分第一次间伐时,大部分间伐木能达到小径材(椽材)标准的密度,是较为适宜的密度,可获得较好的造林经济效益,“七五”期间,我们对太行山西侧的油松人工林密度进行了调查总结。 相似文献
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《Forest Ecology and Management》1998,111(1):23-33
In 1988, fires killed extensive lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud) in Yellowstone National Park. This species bears both serotinous and non-serotinous cones, with the former most common in fire-origin stands of an even-aged character. Reconnaissance of burned stands indicated that former even-aged communities regenerated effectively. Others did not. The larger and more uniformly-sized seedling under formerly even-aged communities suggests primarily a single wave of regeneration there. Seedlings appeared to initiate to some degree over multiple years under other stands, but not sufficiently to make them well stocked. Four different regeneration pathways seem to characterize the natural reforestation of lodgepole pine following the 1988 fires. These include: (1) a dense, uniformly distributed cohort that will develop as a single-storied stand; (2) lodgepole pine islands that form over long periods around isolated seedlings; (3) a moderate to low density cohort that will gradually fill with multiple age classes over a protracted period; and (4) a cohort of only widely scattered single seedlings that initially form as small nearby tree islands, and may eventually converge into a more continuous stand with multiple age classes. 相似文献
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秦岭松栎林带生物量及其营养元素分布特征 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22
秦岭脱齿栎林、油松林和华山林（包括０－６０cm土层）营养元素总贮量达２９．２５００－３９０．１７３９t.hm^-2，其大小为锐齿栎林＞华山松＞油松林，土壤中营养现贮量占系统总量的９３．１０％－９９．３９％，植被层和凋落物层仅占０．５７％－３．００％和０．１０％－１．９９％；３林分乔木层生物量、木材蓄积量和营养元素积累量平均值分别为１２０．４８３t.hm^-2,129.384m^3.hm^-2和１２２６．９kg.hm^-2，锐齿栎林＞油松林＞华山松林。３林分林下植被层生物量现存量和营养元素积累量平均值分别为１．５５３t.hm^-2和５３．１kg.hm^-2，锐齿栎林最大，华山松林最小。林下凋落物现存量和营养元素积量平均值分别为１７．４７５t.hm^-2和５０２．５kg.hm^-2，３林分凋落物现存量、营养元素含量及其积累量都存在明显的差异。锐齿栎林、油松林和华山松林营养元素年吸收量、归还量、存留量和平均归还率分别为３３．４、１４７．２和２６４．３，１９５．６、６６．９和８４．１，１３８．８、８０．４和１８０．２kg.hm^-2和０．５８５、０４５４和０．３１８，３林分各营养元素的年吸收量，归还量和存留量也存在一定的差异，锐齿栎林干和皮中Ｃa和Ｍg含量远远高于油松林和华山松林的，锐齿栎林多代连作势必导致营养元素的大量流失，特别是Ｃa和Ｍg，会破坏土壤原有离子动态平衡，引起林地土壤理化性质改变，林地生产潜力逐渐下降。 相似文献
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In pine forests damaged by pine wilt disease, in western Japan, the effect of protection regimes of pine trees on the stand dynamics were examined in the following four stands: (1) lightly damaged stand (age 30–40 years) with no procedure in operation for protecting pine trees; (2) severely damaged stand (age 30–40 years) with no procedure in place for protecting pine trees; (3) severely damaged stand (age 50 years) with a selective cutting of infected trees; (4) severely damaged stand (age 30–40 years) with a selective cutting of infected trees. All the stands had been abandoned before the pine wilt disease damage. The understory structure of the severely damaged stand with no protection procedure was similar to that of the lightly damaged stand. Frequent invasion by tree species and acceleration in the growth of understory trees occurred after the dieback in the selective cutting stand. These results suggest that a deficiency in the canopy layer caused by the dieback resulted in low disturbance intensity in the early stages after the dieback, but the selective cutting increased the intensity by the reduction in the understory as well as the canopy layer. The intensity of the disturbance in the selective cutting stands was larger in the younger stand because it had a higher density of selectively cut pine trees. The different stand structure of pine forests occurred after the dieback because the intensity of the disturbance varied as a result of the selective cutting operation and the stand age. 相似文献
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Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins can cause extensive tree mortality in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., forests in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. Most studies that have examined stand susceptibility to mountain pine beetle have been conducted in even-aged stands. Land managers increasingly practice uneven-aged management. We established 84 clusters of four plots, one where bark beetle-caused mortality was present and three uninfested plots. For all plot trees we recorded species, tree diameter, and crown position and for ponderosa pine whether they were killed or infested by mountain pine beetle. Elevation, slope, and aspect were also recorded. We used classification trees to model the likelihood of bark beetle attack based on plot and site variables. The probability of individual tree attack within the infested plots was estimated using logistic regression. Basal area of ponderosa pine in trees ≥25.4 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) and ponderosa pine stand density index were correlated with mountain pine beetle attack. Regression trees and linear regression indicated that the amount of observed tree mortality was associated with initial ponderosa pine basal area and ponderosa pine stand density index. Infested stands had higher total and ponderosa pine basal area, total and ponderosa pine stand density index, and ponderosa pine basal area in trees ≥25.4 cm dbh. The probability of individual tree attack within infested plots was positively correlated with tree diameter with ponderosa pine stand density index modifying the relationship. A tree of a given size was more likely to be attacked in a denser stand. We conclude that stands with higher ponderosa pine basal area in trees >25.4 cm and ponderosa pine stand density index are correlated with an increased likelihood of mountain pine beetle bark beetle attack. Information form this study will help forest managers in the identification of uneven-aged stands with a higher likelihood of bark beetle attack and expected levels of tree mortality. 相似文献
