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1.
W. Grzebisz 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1988,160(3):198-207
In years 1982–1985 flag leaf area, concentration of chlorophyll and macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) and also their correlations to grain yield in static field experiment were studied. The main experimental plots comprised crop rotations containing 50, 75, 100% cereals. Treatments with or without irrigation were subplots and nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N/ha) were sub-sub-plots.
The cultivation of winter wheat in rotations containing more than 50% cereals affected the drop of winter wheat grain yield, which was especially high on the plots without nitrogen fertilization or with low N level. The dose of 120 kg N/ha gave the highest grain yield in each rotation and, at the same time, decreased to minimum the differences between them, although wheat grown in the full cereal rotation yielded much less. The response of wheat grain yield to previous crop was affected by photosynthetic potential of a plant, which was constituated by flag leaf area and concentration of chlorophyll. The deteriorating nutrient economy in wheat plants grown in rotations containing more than 50% cereals decreased the photosynthetic potential of wheat. In addition, in these rotations the importance of macronutrients concentration in the flag leaf at anthesis as a source of nutrients for the developing grain is visible. 相似文献
The cultivation of winter wheat in rotations containing more than 50% cereals affected the drop of winter wheat grain yield, which was especially high on the plots without nitrogen fertilization or with low N level. The dose of 120 kg N/ha gave the highest grain yield in each rotation and, at the same time, decreased to minimum the differences between them, although wheat grown in the full cereal rotation yielded much less. The response of wheat grain yield to previous crop was affected by photosynthetic potential of a plant, which was constituated by flag leaf area and concentration of chlorophyll. The deteriorating nutrient economy in wheat plants grown in rotations containing more than 50% cereals decreased the photosynthetic potential of wheat. In addition, in these rotations the importance of macronutrients concentration in the flag leaf at anthesis as a source of nutrients for the developing grain is visible. 相似文献
2.
Particular problems in N fertilization of winter wheat are found in areas characterized by excessive drainage and rainy springs. A two yearly experiment was carried out in such an environment (Udine, northern Italy) with the objective of testing the effect of increasing levels of total N supply (0, 70, 140 and 210 kg ha−1 ) and of different times of late N side-dressing (at stem elongation, booting or flowering) on yield, quality traits and on N use efficiency of the wheat cv. Saliente.
The results obtained indicated that yields of about 5 t ha1 can be obtained if the N supply permits a crop recovery of 130-140 kg ha−1 . Supplying the last N fraction at booting increased the fertility of the spike, the overall quality of the product and the efficiency of the fertilization. N supply can be delayed to flowering time in case of high total N, with further positive effects on the quality of the product. The nitrogen use efficiency was inversely and linearly related to total N supply. 相似文献
The results obtained indicated that yields of about 5 t ha
3.
Drought Priming at Vegetative Growth Stage Enhances Nitrogen‐Use Efficiency Under Post‐Anthesis Drought and Heat Stress in Wheat 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Liu X. Li D. H. Larsen X. Zhu F. Song F. Liu 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(1):29-40
To study the effects of early drought priming at 5th‐leaf stage on grain yield and nitrogen‐use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress, wheat plants were first exposed to moderate drought stress (drought priming; that is, the leaf water potential reached ca. ?0.9 MP a) at the 5th‐leaf stage for 11 days, and leaf water relations and gas exchange rates, grain yield and yield components, and agronomic nitrogen‐use efficiency (ANUE ) of the primed and non‐primed plants under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress were investigated. Compared with the non‐primed plants, the drought‐primed plants possessed higher leaf water potential and chlorophyll content, and consequently a higher photosynthetic rate during post‐anthesis drought and heat stress. Drought priming also resulted in higher grain yield and ANUE in wheat under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress. Drought priming at vegetative stage improves carbon assimilation and ANUE under post‐anthesis drought and heat stress and their combination in wheat, which might be used as a field management tool to enhance stress tolerance of wheat crops to multiple abiotic stresses in a future drier and warmer climate. 相似文献
4.
灌浆期高温对小麦旗叶与非叶器官光合和抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为揭示小麦叶与非叶器官抗氧化系统对灌浆期高温胁迫的反应特征,探讨不同品种和不同器官耐热性差异机制,以小麦强耐热品种石家庄8号和弱耐热性品种河农341为材料,于灌浆期用塑料膜搭棚进行增温处理(花后第8天至第22天),研究高温胁迫对旗叶光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素含量、旗叶和非叶器官中丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。高温处理下,两品种Pn比正常温度下(对照)低18.7%~24.9%,叶绿素含量低5.7%~6.2%;旗叶、旗叶鞘、穗下节、颖片和籽粒的MDA含量和Pro含量均升高,其中MDA升高幅度为旗叶非叶器官,Pro升高幅度为非叶器官旗叶。旗叶、颖片、籽粒的SOD活性和旗叶、旗叶鞘、籽粒的CAT活性以及旗叶、旗叶鞘、颖片的POD活性在高温胁迫初期即诱导增强,而其他器官的抗氧化酶活性则在高温持续一段时间后诱导增强,之后随着高温的持续各器官抗氧化酶活性多表现为低于对照,高温解除后旗叶鞘、穗下节、颖片的SOD活性和旗叶、颖片、籽粒的POD活性有恢复迹象,高温对其他器官的SOD和POD活性以及所有器官的CAT活性造成不可逆影响;总体来看,非叶器官持续抗氧化能力和耐热性强于叶片。石家庄8号叶与非叶器官细胞膜稳定性、抗氧化酶活性均高于河农341,显示其整株耐热性强于河农341,这是石家庄8号在高温胁迫下产量下降幅度低于河农341的重要生理基础。因此认为,非叶器官在小麦适应灌浆期高温逆境中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
5.
比较了小麦不同基因型籽粒生长期旗叶与穗、茎、鞘等非叶绿色器官光合速率及光合碳同化酶活性的变化,结果表明, 存在显著的基因型差异。籽粒生长早期非叶器官净光合速率最大值低于旗叶，但后期的净光合速率下降幅度小于旗叶。各器官RuBPC活性和PEPC活性的变化均呈单峰曲线，RuBPC活性表现为旗叶>芒>叶鞘>穗下节间>颖片(护颖、外颖),其中芒的酶活性与叶片差异很小； PEPC活性表现为穗颖、叶鞘、穗下节间均明显高于旗叶。各基因型各非叶器官不同时期PEPC/RuBPC活性平均比值均明显高于旗叶, 后期非叶器官中PEPC活性甚至超过RuBPC活性。暗示在小麦生长后期的碳同化、特别是非叶器官的碳同化过程中，PEPC可能发挥着重要作用，后期非叶器官光合速率的相对稳定性可能与其较高的PEPC活性及活性下降缓慢有密切关系。在小麦品种改良过程中，不仅要重视叶片而且要重视非叶绿色器官光合性能、特别是PEPC活性的选择。 相似文献
6.
小麦叶片的衰老会导致产量的损失,而叶绿素降解是小麦叶片衰老的明显特征,分析小麦叶绿素降解过程中脱植基反应的相关基因叶绿素酶（TaCLH）和脱镁叶绿素水解酶（TaPPH）在春性小麦叶片衰老过程中的作用,为解析小麦叶绿素降解的分子机制提供参考。以10个春性小麦品种为参试材料,对衰老过程中TaCLH和TaPPH的相对表达量进行测定,结合不同品种在开花后不同时期的相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）、功能绿叶面积（GLAD）和叶绿素荧光参数的变化规律,研究叶片衰老过程中TaCLH和TaPPH与SPAD、GLAD和叶绿素荧光参数的相关关系。结果表明,TaPPH的相对表达量与GLAD、SPAD及叶绿素荧光参数[ETR、Fv/Fm、Y(Ⅱ)]等生理指标之间存在极显著负相关关系,与TaCLH相对表达量存在极显著正相关关系,表明TaPPH在春小麦叶绿素降解过程的脱植基反应中起主要作用。 相似文献
7.
Dry matter production of two different spelt (Oberkulmer, Hercule) and wheat varieties (Arina, Iena) were investigated at two different seeding rates (S1 = 200 grains/m2; S2 = 400 grains/m2) and two nitrogen levels (N1 = 80 kg N/ha; N2 = 110 kg N/ha). The plot experiments were carried out at two contrasting locations (Muri: altitude 459 m asl); Oberwallestalden: altitude 1011 m asl) over three years (1988–1990). In addition nitrogen uptake and the photosynthetic rate of flag leaves was measured. Neither growth regulators nor fungicides were applied. The average grain yield of spelt was 25 % lower than that of wheat (32 % at Muri, 18 % at Oberwallestalden). At the reduced seeding rate (S1) grain weight and grain number per ear was increased by 33 % and 31 %, respectively as compared to the normal seeding rate (S2). The increase of the grain weight and the grain number per ear was larger for the two varieties of spelt (47 % and 42 %, respectively) than for the wheat varieties (23 % and 22 %, respectively). The photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf of spelt and wheat was not significantly different, at the two growth stages measured (anthesis, anthesis + 23 days). Nitrogen yield in the above ground biomass (g N/m2) was not significantly different between spelt and wheat, neither at the beginning of stem elongation, nor at anthesis. At anthesis the nitrogen yield at the reduced nitrogen level (N1) was 16 % and 13 % lower than at the higher level (N2) for spelt and wheat respectively. A higher nitrogen efficiency of spelt under low input conditions was not apparent. Therefore it was concluded that under low input conditions, spelt is not more efficient in dry matter production than wheat. By comparing the “husked” yield of spelt (grains + glumes; representing the trade form) with the grain yield of wheat, spelt is higher yielding than wheat but only at marginal areas of cereal production. 相似文献
8.
S. Narayanan P. V. V. Prasad A. K. Fritz D. L. Boyle B. S. Gill 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(3):206-218
High temperature is a major environmental factor that limits wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Climate models predict greater increases in night‐time temperature than in daytime temperature. The objective of this research was to compare the effects of high daytime and high night‐time temperatures during anthesis on physiological (chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll concentration, leaf level photosynthesis, and membrane damage), biochemical (reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and antioxidant capacity in leaves), growth and yield traits of wheat genotypes. Winter wheat genotypes (Ventnor and Karl 92) were grown at optimum temperatures (25/15 °C, maximum/minimum) until the onset of anthesis. Thereafter, plants were exposed to high night‐time (HN, 25/24 °C), high daytime (HD, 35/15 °C), high daytime and night‐time (HDN, 35/24 °C) or optimum temperatures for 7 days. Compared with optimum temperature, HN, HD and HDN increased ROS concentration and membrane damage and decreased antioxidant capacity, photochemical efficiency, leaf level photosynthesis, seed set, grain number and grain yield per spike. Impact of HN and HD was similar on all traits. Greater impact on seed set, grain number and grain yield per spike was observed at HDN compared with HN and HD. These results suggest that HN and HD during anthesis cause damage of a similar magnitude to winter wheat. 相似文献
9.
在稻麦两熟制条件下,于2010—2011和2011—2012年度,通过氮肥施用量、施用时期及比例的调控,建立了扬麦20不同产量水平群体,比较≥9000 kg hm–2群体(P1)与9000 kg hm–2群体(P2)的产量构成、群体质量及花后光合特征,为稻茬小麦大面积高产提供理论依据和技术支撑。P1较P2群体产量高约10%,每穗粒数高约5.5%,差异显著,但两群体的穗数和千粒重差异不显著。P1群体的穗数、穗粒数和千粒重分别为482~538万hm–2、47~49粒和34~39 g。籽粒产量与孕穗和开花期叶面积指数(LAI)及花后LAI衰减率和光合势呈抛物线关系,与乳熟期LAI、粒(重)/叶比和群体生长率呈显著线性正相关。两年度试验结果表明P1群体具有以下特征,孕穗期、开花期和乳熟期的LAI分别为6.5~7.0、5.0~6.0和4.0~4.5;粒(数)/叶比为0.37~0.39,粒(重)/叶比为13.5~14.5;花后LAI衰减率、群体生长率、光合势和净同化率分别为0.13~0.15 d–1、19~20 g m–2 d–1、103×104~118×104 m2 d hm–2和9~11 g m–2 d–1。花后21d和28 d,剑叶SPAD值、净光合速率、丙二醛(MDA)含量及3种抗氧化酶(CAT、POD和SOD)活性与产量相关性均达极显著水平。研究表明,稻–麦轮作体系中,扬麦20达到9000 kg hm–2产量水平的栽培技术关键点是获得适宜穗数的基础上,主攻每穗粒数与千粒重的协调增加,使群体在花前具有较高的光合面积和光合速率,花后光合面积衰减速率低,维持较高的光合面积,从而充分积累花后光合物质,在适宜库容基础上保障对库充实的需求。 相似文献
10.
施氮水平对不同种植模式小麦旗叶衰老和产量的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
摘要：①氮素水平与小麦后期旗叶衰老有着密切关系。中氮和高氮处理与低氮和无氮处理相比,显著提高了SOD和POD的活性,相对改善了细胞中活性氧产生与清除之间的平衡,减少了细胞内过氧化物的积累,减缓了叶片衰老;但平作栽培小麦264 kg .hm-2水平（N3处理）与165kg .hm-2水平（N2处理）间的SOD、POD活性、MDA含量以及叶绿素含量等生理指标差异不显著,表明施氮量达到一定水平后继续增加施氮量对延缓小麦旗叶衰老无显著效应。②通过对垄作和平作两种栽培模式的比较发现,小麦旗叶衰老进程分为两个阶段;平作小麦以花后14天,垄作小麦以花后21天为拐点,前期为缓慢衰老期,后期为急剧衰老期。在缓慢衰老期,旗叶POD、SOD活性,叶绿素含量会略有上升;而进入急剧衰老期后,上述三个生理指标都急剧下降。平作小麦比垄作小麦提前进入急剧衰老期。③氮素水平为165kg .hm-2时,两种栽培模式均可以获得中产以上产量;264 kg .hm-2水平下能够获得更高的产量,且垄作栽培小麦的增产优势较平作小麦更明显。 相似文献
11.
花后渍水高温交互效应对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
渍水和高温是长江中下游麦区冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)生育中后期的主要气象灾害因子。2009—2011年连续2个生长季盆栽烟农19,在籽粒形成期(花后5~8 d)和乳熟期(花后15~18 d)分别设渍水(土表水层1 cm)、高温[昼(35±2)℃/夜(25±2)℃]和渍水+高温处理,探讨了渍水和高温双重胁迫对小麦开花后光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,花后渍水、高温、渍水+高温逆境均显著降低旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)和气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr),增加胞间CO2浓度(Ci);同时降低穗粒数、千粒重及产量,但对成穗数影响不显著。渍水和高温胁迫对旗叶光合作用的主要限制因素是非气孔因素。从产量平均相对受害率看,其影响为渍水+高温逆境(37.7%)>渍水逆境(21.1%)>高温逆境(17.6%),而胁迫时期的影响为籽粒形成期(30.8%)>乳熟期(20.1%)。渍水和高温的交互效应显著,且籽粒形成期逆境不良效应显著大于乳熟期。 相似文献
12.
去叶处理对小麦叶绿素含量及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了探讨去叶对不同小麦品种产量的影响,为小麦的稳产高产提供理论依据。采用大田试验,研究了开花期3种不同的叶片处理对江淮地区种植的八个小麦品种的叶绿素含量以及产量构成的影响。结果表明,从去叶对叶绿素含量的变化来看,旗叶的叶绿素含量首先表现为只保留旗叶处理>剪去1/2旗叶处理>对照,但随着花后时间的推移,只保留旗叶处理的叶绿素含量的增加幅度逐渐变小,在花后20~25天左右逐渐低于对照;倒二叶的叶绿素含量表现为剪去全旗叶处理>剪去1/2旗叶处理>对照,随着花后时间的推移,比对照增加幅度逐渐变大。从去叶对产量构成方面来看,与对照相比,剪去全旗叶处理下的穗粒数、千粒重和单穗重降低,且在3种去叶处理中降低幅度最大;剪去1/2旗叶处理和只保留旗叶处理下的千粒重均下降,但供试小麦品种的穗粒数因品种不同有增有减,从而导致了部分品种的单穗重略有升高或降低幅度较小。花期不同的去叶处理对‘连麦2号’、‘衡7228’两个小麦品种的影响相对较小,在生产上的稳产性更好。 相似文献
13.
14.
不同施氮量对冬小麦光合生理指标及产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了探索不同施氮量对冬小麦光合生理指标及产量的影响,在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京试验基地,以3个强筋冬小麦品种藁优2018（C1）、师栾02-1（C2）、石优20（C3）和1个中筋冬小麦品种济麦22（C4）为试验材料,设置0、180、210、240、270kg/hm 2 5个氮肥处理,分别用N0、N180、N210、N240、N270表示。结果表明：N240处理下不同冬小麦品种的旗叶净光合速率、SPAD值、旗叶长度、旗叶宽度,叶面积指数、归一化差值植被指数、籽粒产量及其构成因素等指标均达到最高值,且显著高于不施氮肥的处理,但与N270处理间无显著差异。综合考虑光合生理、植株性状、产量构成因素等指标,施氮量240kg/hm 2是充分发挥不同冬小麦品种植株光合性能及产量潜力的适宜施氮水平。 相似文献
15.
油菜素内酯对春玉米灌浆期叶片光合功能与产量的调控效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以玉米品种"郑单958"为材料,在大田条件下,采用植物生长调节物质油菜素内酯(brassinolide,BR)对苞叶和穗位叶喷施处理,研究了BR对玉米穗位叶功能、籽粒灌浆及产量的调控作用。结果表明,灌浆期随生育进程,玉米穗位叶叶绿素含量、光合速率、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCase)、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Ru BPCase)以及蔗糖磷酸合酶和蔗糖合酶的活性均显著下降。同时,籽粒蔗糖含量显著降低,但淀粉含量和粒重均显著增加。与对照相比,BR处理显著增加玉米穗位叶叶绿素含量,提高光合速率,增强PEPCase、Ru BPCase、蔗糖磷酸合酶和蔗糖合酶的活性。BR处理显著增加籽粒蔗糖和淀粉积累,提高玉米籽粒干物质积累。在产量构成上,BR显著缩短秃尖长度,增加穗粒数和千粒重,显著提高产量。本研究说明,灌浆期喷施BR可提高玉米叶源的活性,延长叶片光合功能持续期,促进籽粒灌浆和物质积累,从而实现增产。 相似文献
16.
为给苏中地区稻茬小麦高光效群体构建和栽培措施调控提供理论依据,以‘扬麦23’为材料,结合聚类分析的方法,研究了不同光效型群体光合物质生产、积累和转运特征的差异。结果表明,不同小麦群体间产量、收获指数、光合势、花后干物质积累量和开花期高效叶面积率具有明显差异。高光效群体具有较高的产量、光合势、开花期高效叶面积率和干物质积累量;中等光效群体的收获指数显著低于高光效群体和低光效群体。在产量构成上,高光效群体具有较高的穗数和千粒重,同时,高光效群体及其剑叶在开花期的光合特性表现良好。在本试验播后及冬季多雨条件下,密度为225×104株/hm2,施氮量为270 kg/hm2且氮肥运筹为7:1:2:0以及密度为300×104株/hm2,施氮量为330 kg/hm2,氮肥运筹为5:1:2:2可作为产量达到8400 kg/hm2的苏中地区稻茬小麦高光效群体构建的密肥组合方式。 相似文献
17.
氮、钾水平对小麦花后旗叶光合特性的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
在大田栽培条件下,以冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）弱筋品种宁麦9号和中筋品种扬麦10号为材料,研究了不同氮、钾施肥水平下花后旗叶叶绿素含量（SPAD）、净光合速率（Pn）和荧光参数的变化特征及其与开花期叶片氮、钾营养的关系。结果表明,与不施氮、钾的对照（N0K0）相比,施氮、钾肥增加小麦开花后旗叶SPAD和Pn,提高PSⅡ最大光量子产量（Fv /Fm）、潜在光化学活性（Fv /Fo）、有效光量子产量（Fv’/Fm’）和实际光量子产量（ΦPSⅡ）等叶绿素荧光参数,其中氮肥效应高于钾肥。除SPAD外,扬麦10号的Pn及叶绿素荧光参数（Fv /Fm、Fv /Fo、Fv’ /Fm’和ΦPSⅡ）均高于宁麦9号。相关分析表明,Fv /Fm、Fv /Fo、Fv’/Fm’和ΦPSⅡ等叶绿素荧光参数受开花期叶片氮/钾比的显著影响,是施氮、钾肥提高净光合速率的主要生理原因,较高的光能转化特性是满足扬麦10号较高能量需求的生理基础。 相似文献
18.
6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)对不同氮素水平下玉米叶片衰老过程中光系统II性能的调控效应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以玉米自交系齐319 (Qi 319)为试材,利用叶绿素荧光快速诱导动力学曲线,研究了喷施外源激素6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)对不同氮素水平下玉米花后叶片光系统II (PSII)性能的调控效应。两年研究结果表明,花后穗位叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率(Pn)均呈降低的趋势。在不施氮条件下,外源喷施6-BA,可提高叶绿素含量及后期Pn,但对PSII反应中心的活性无显著改善。施氮可显著提高Pn和PS II的性能,6-BA可显著增强其效果。二者互作条件下,叶绿素含量显著提高,Pn显著增加(P<0.05),PSII供体侧和受体侧的活性得到有效改善,其中对PSII供体侧性能的改善幅度大于对受体侧,PSII反应中心的活性提高以花后10 d最显著。光合性能的提高使单株生物量和籽粒产量显著增加(P<0.05)。因此,在适量施用氮肥的条件下结合喷施6-BA可以显著改善叶片光合性能。 相似文献
19.
施氮量对旱地小麦耗水特性和产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2009—2010和2010—2011小麦生长季, 分别利用小麦品种济麦22和山农16, 研究了施氮量0 (N0)、90(N1)、120 (N2)、150 (N3)、180 (N4)和210 kg hm-2 (N5)条件下的小麦耗水特性和产量水平。N3处理的耗水量在播种至拔节期与N1和N2处理无显著差异, 但在拔节至成熟期显著高于N1和N2处理; N4处理各阶段耗水量与N3处理无显著差异; N5处理在返青至开花期耗水量显著增加。当施氮量由90 kg hm-2增加到150 kg hm-2时, 小麦对深层土壤贮水利用能力增强, 但施氮量继续增加, 80 cm以下土层土壤贮水消耗量未显著增加。N3处理在拔节后株间蒸发量显著低于N1和N2处理, 开花后旗叶水分利用效率显著高于N1和N2处理, 但与N4和N5处理拔节后的株间蒸发量及开花后旗叶水分利用效率无显著差异。在本试验条件下, N3处理的产量、水分利用效率和降水利用效率最高, 氮肥生产效率也较高, 因此150 kg hm-2是适宜的施氮量。 相似文献
20.
水氮耦合对滴灌冬小麦光合特性、产量及水氮利用效率的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
旨在明确水氮耦合对滴灌下超高产冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响。本研究采用裂区试验,研究了3种灌水量2775 m3/hm2(W1)、3900 m3/hm2(W2)、4350 m3/hm2(W3)水平与3 种施氮量0 kg/hm2(N0)、180 kg/hm2(N1)、270 kg/hm2(N2)水平对‘新冬41 号’旗叶叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量、光合速率、水分利用效率以及产量的影响。结果表明,水氮同时增加对花后旗叶叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量、旗叶光合速率,水分利用效率和产量的提高比仅增加水或氮的作用更大,均以W2N2、W3N2处理花后旗叶叶绿素（分别较W1N0增加44.5%、41.2%）和可溶性蛋白含量（分别较W1N0增加20.8%、16.85%）、光合速率（分别较W1N0增加46.4%、54.5%）、水分利用效率（分别较W1N0 增加31.9%、34.7%）和产量（分别较W1N0 增加19.05%、20.86%）较高,W2N2、W3N2处理的旗叶光合性能大幅度提高是其产量较高的重要原因。综合水氮利用效率,W2N2(3900 m3/hm2、270 kg/hm2)是本试验条件下冬小麦产量近9000.0 kg/hm2的水氮高效运筹模式。 相似文献