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1.
Videoendoscopy of the reproductive tract was performed in 87 Thoroughbred mares with histories of reduced fertility. During hysteroscopy samples for cytological, microbiological and histological examinations were obtained under visual control. Common findings in these broodmares included: (a) endometrial degeneration, as assessed by an uneven distribution or atrophy of endometrial folds and/or a scarred appearance of the endometrium (49 mares, 56%); (b) endometrial cysts of various sizes and locations within the uterus with the most common location being at the base of the uterine horns (48 mares, 55%); (c) fluid accumulation in the uterine lumen (28 mares, 32%). A few mares had transluminal adhesions (7 mares, 8%) and in 2 mares the adhesions appeared to obstruct one uterine horn completely. A solitary discrete lump was detected in the wall of the uterine body in one mare and the suspicion of it being a leiomyoma was confirmed histologically with the aid of a visually directed biopsy sample. Free intraluminal structures were present in the uterine lumen in 3 mares, including one inspissated blood clot and two suspected remnants of resorbing pregnancies. Flexible biopsy forceps and scissors passed through the working channel of the endoscope were used to sever small thin adhesions, but this method proved inadequate for multiple adhesions or cysts. Solitary endometrial cysts were removed by means of conventional rigid biopsy forceps passed alongside the endoscope, although bleeding from the operation site usually limited this type of intervention. 相似文献
2.
Kuntz CA 《Australian veterinary journal》2005,83(8):480-482
A 9-year-old female spayed domestic short-haired cat presented with ureteral obstruction due to a ureteral calculus 4 cm distal to the renal pelvis. Preoperative creatinine was 844 mmol/L. A novel approach to this condition was utilised whereby a flexible endoscope was passed through a hole made in the renal capsule into the renal pelvis and ureter. The calculus was visualised, and the endoscope was removed. A 1.4 mm flexible grasping forceps was introduced into the proximal ureter through the same hole in the renal capsule and the calculus was removed. The creatinine dropped to 282 micromol/L within 2 weeks of surgery. The cat died of apparently unrelated causes several months after surgery. 相似文献
3.
Numbers of eosinophils in the bovine oviduct and uterus were determined during the oestrous cycle. The eosinophil numbers in the oviduct (ampulla and isthmus) and horn of the uterus during oestrus were significantly higher than during dioestrus. The number of eosinophils in the uterine cervix was lower than in the uterine horn for all stages of the oestrous cycle. In the oviduct, eosinophils accumulated in the lamina propria of the tunica mucosa, in the tunica muscularis and in the connective tissue of the tunica serosa. In the uterus, they were concentrated mainly in the upper parts of the stroma in the endometrium. Degranulation of eosinophils was observed during oestrus when they increased in number in the oviduct and uterus. 相似文献
4.
Four cows were inoculated into the uterus with Actinomyces pyogenes between 30 and 41 days of gestation. Gross morphological changes were monitored by rectal palpation and with a realtime B-mode two-dimensional scanner with a 7.5 MHz transrectal linear transducer, shortly before infection and afterwards at three to 12 hours intervals. Two control groups of cows 27 to 50 days pregnant were used: two cows were inoculated with 6 ml of sterile saline into the uterine lumen and four cows were treated with cloprostenol (prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue). There was a change in the uterine fluid from a black, non-echogenic image before infection to a grey or cloudy echogenic image as early as 21 hours after infection. There was an increase in the thickness of the endometrium of the horns and body of the uterus. The embryonic membranes thickened and separated from the endometrium as early as four hours after infection, followed by cessation of the embryonic heart beat, opening of the cervix and abortion. Abortion was followed by an increase in the amount of echogenic intrauterine fluid leading to an increase in the size of the uterus, and the cervix remained open for at least eight days. The area of the corpus luteum remained greater than 2 cm2 throughout the whole period. Intrauterine inoculation with sterile saline had no effects, but the administration of cloprostenol was followed by the death of the embryo and abortion within 72 hours, and the regression of the corpus luteum from greater than 2 cm2 at treatment to 0.4 cm2, 24 hours after abortion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
5.
应用扫描电镜观察了 5头奶牛产后不同时期子宫内膜的变化。结果发现 ,分娩后早期 ,奶牛子宫内膜部分破损 ,与破损部位相邻的细胞在产后 1周内相继脱落 ;未破损内膜上皮细胞表面的纤毛和微绒毛形状不整、数量减少。产后2周 ,基底细胞开始生长 ,至产后 4 5 d时生长完成 ;产后 4周 ,内膜破损区域缩小 ,上皮细胞表面纤毛和微绒毛形状规则、数量增加 ;产后 4 5 d,偶见上皮细胞缺失 ;至产后 6 0 d,子宫内膜上皮细胞完整、排列有序、被覆纤毛和微绒毛。上述结果表明 ,奶牛子宫内膜在分娩后 6 0 d内完成修复。 相似文献
6.
Distribution of Eosinophils and Mast Cells in the Cervical Tissue of Non-Gravid Mares during Dioestrus 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Little is known about the local cellular immune system of the equine cervix. In this study we characterize the distribution of eosinophilic granulocytes and mast cells in the cervical tissue of non-gravid mares during dioestrus. For this purpose cervices of 10 mares were histologically examined after Sirius red and Toluidine blue staining. Both cell types could be found in the lamina propria mucosae. In the tunica muscularis the two cell populations were only rarely detected. No cells could be found in the epithelium mucosae. There was a decreasing cell density from the vaginal to uterine side of the cervix (p < 0.01). Therefore, eosinophils might be a part of the local cellular immune system of the equine cervix during dioestrus, unlike in animals studied so far as cows and rats. 相似文献
7.
Distribution and Heterogeneity of Mast Cells in Female Reproductive Tract and Ovary on Different Days of the Oestrus Cycle in Angora Goats 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The physiological distribution of mast cells (MCs) in the reproductive tract and ovary of 12 Angora goats was determined using light microscopic histochemical techniques. Uterus (corpus uteri and cornu uteri), uterine cervix, uterine tubes (isthmus and ampulla) and ovary samples were obtained by laparatomy from groups of animals during metoestrus, dioestrus and proestrus (days 5, 10 and 16 of the oestrous cycle). Tissues were fixed in Mota's fixative (basic lead acetate) for 48 h and embedded in paraffin. Six-micrometre-thick sections were stained with toluidine blue in 1% aqueous solution at pH 1.0 for 5 min and alcian blue-Safranin at pH 1.0 for 30 min. MCs were generally associated with blood vessels in all reproductive organs. In the uterus, they were concentrated mainly in the close of the uterine gland and deep stroma in the endometrium. Higher MC numbers were observed by toluidine blue staining in the uterus, uterine cervix and uterine tubes on days 10 (corpus uterine: 4.7 ± 3.8 and cornu uterine: 4.9 ± 3.5) and 16 (corpus uterine: 5.9 ± 4.5 and cornu uterine: 5.4 ± 2.4) of the oestrous cycle compared with day 5 (p < 0.05). Mast cells were not observed in the follicles, the corpus luteum and the underside of the surface epithelium of the ovarian cortex, but were observed in the interstitial cortical stroma and the ovarian medulla. In the ovary, MC numbers were significantly higher on day 16 of the oestrous cycle (cortex: 3.4 ± 2.4 and medulla: 5.7 ± 4.5, p < 0.05). Safranin-positive connective tissue MCs were not observed in the uterine tube on any occasion. These results indicate oestrous cycle-related changes in the number and location of MCs in goat reproductive organs. 相似文献
8.
Inflammation in the bovine female reproductive tract 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bondurant RH 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(Z2):101-110
Inflammation of the reproductive tract of a cow occurs when the physical and functional barriers to contamination are breached or specific infection occurs. Commonly, contamination occurs at parturition and to a lesser extent at estrus. Uterine contamination following calving is common, but most healthy cows are able to clear the uterus of bacteria in the first 2 to 3 wk after calving. Persistent infections are more likely to be caused by Actinomyces pyogenes. Specific venereal infections tend to be more host-adapted and produce a lower grade inflammation. Nonspecific bacterial contamination of the endometrium generally induces a neutrophilic influx into the stratum compactum and uterine lumen. Neutrophils phagocytize bacteria with the aid of opsonins in the uterine fluid. Mast cells and eosinophils may also contribute to the inflammatory reaction, which may damage the surface epithelium and release vasoactive substances that allow leakage of serum antibodies into the uterine secretions. Specific antibodies of immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype A, M, G1, and G2 in uterine secretions have been described. In model species, the immune capability of the uterus is influenced by steroid hormones, especially estradiol, which increases secretory component and both IgA and IgG content in uterine secretions and increases the activity of antigen-presenting cells in the uterus. Similar cyclic fluctuations in immune components have been described for cows, including changes in the population of subsurface cytotoxic and helper T cells and changes in the expression of major histocompatibility II antigen on surface cells. 相似文献
9.
Ana Camacho Benítez Rossana Vasconcellos Paula Lombide Helen Viotti William Pérez Nicolás Cazales Daniel Cavestany Graeme B. Martin Graciela Pedrana 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(1):50-57
Heat shock proteins play a crucial role in cellular development, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) has been localised in the human endometrium, where its immunoexpression changes during the menstrual cycle. Similar studies have not been done for the equid species, so the present study aimed to describe endometrial HSP90 immunoexpression in mare endometrium. Endometrial biopsies were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded, and sections were stained with haematoxylin–eosin in preparation for HSP90 immunohistochemistry. Immunostaining and morphometric analyses were performed on the epithelial lining, endometrial glands and connective stroma during oestrus, dioestrus phase and anoestrus period (n = 7 per phase or period). Immunoexpression was localised in the basal region of the epithelial cells lining the lumen. Immunoexpression was greater during oestrus than during either dioestrus or anoestrus. During anoestrus, there was little immunostaining in the endometrium, suggesting that HSP90 is involved in the functional modulation of sex steroid receptors in cyclic mares. Indeed, the function of HSP90 as a chaperone in the folding of proteins, such as steroid receptors, might explain the greater intensity of immunostaining during the oestrus and dioestrus phases, compared the anoestrus period. We conclude that, in the mare, HSP90 plays a role in endometrial function and that further studies are needed to test whether it is important in pathological conditions as endometritis. 相似文献
10.
The objectives were to determine effects of cornual insemination on endometrial characteristics and uterine bacterial flora. Forty cows were assigned randomly (10/group) to each of the following treatments: 1) control--no uterine manipulation; 2) uterine body insemination--deposition of the inseminate at the internal cervical os; 3) cornual insemination--one-half of inseminate deposited into each uterine horn anterior to the internal bifurcation and 4) cornual insemination plus endometrial biopsy--insemination into each uterine horn and trauma induced by endometrial biopsy. Animals were slaughtered and reproductive tracts were removed 5 d after treatment. Bacterial populations of the uterine lumen were evaluated by both flushings and swabbings of each horn. Treatment did not influence the presence of luminal bacteria as determined by flushing or swab samples. Gross endometrial characteristics were quantitated in all tracts. Characteristics considered were total endometrial surface area, discolored regions that appeared to be distinctly darker than the remaining portion of the endometrium and obvious surface damage. Discolored regions were evaluated as both total areas and percentage of endometrium. Treatment did not influence total or percent discolored areas. Microscopic evaluation of these tissues revealed increased edema when compared with nondiscolored regions but no disruption of the luminal epithelium was found. Surface damage was found only in the biopsied treatment group. Observation of the endometrium revealed that extensive regeneration occurred by 5 d after treatment. The data suggest that cornual insemination does not result in uterine trauma or bacterial presence 5 d after breeding, and the endometrium is capable of regeneration after trauma during estrus. 相似文献
11.
The present study investigated the immunolocalization of the progesterone and oestrogen α receptors in the uterine horns of the African giant rat during the oestrous cycle. The progesterone and oestrogen α receptors were demonstrated in various cellular constituents of the endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium. The intensity of progesterone and oestrogen α receptor immunostaining in the endometrial and myometrial layers of the uterine horns varied during the oestrous cycle. The intensity of oestrogen α receptor immunoreactivity in the luminal epithelium was high during pro‐oestrus, oestrus and dioestrus. Progesterone and oestrogen α receptor immunoreactivity in the endometrial epithelia was absent during metoestrus. Moderate to strong immunostaining for the progesterone and oestrogen α receptors was demonstrated in the myometrial smooth muscle cells during pro‐oestrus, oestrus and dioestrus. The intensity of progesterone and oestrogen α receptor immunostaining in the myometrial smooth muscle cells was low during metoestrus. Stromal cells in the perimetrium consistently expressed progesterone and oestrogen α receptor immunoreactivity throughout the oestrous cycle. The findings of the study indicate that in the giant rat the immunolocalization of the progesterone and oestrogen α receptors, in endometrial and myometrial regions of the uterine horns, varies during the oestrous cycle. 相似文献
12.
Mounir Adnane Kieran G. Meade Cliona O’Farrelly 《Veterinary research communications》2018,42(4):255-263
Cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM), the product of epithelial cells lining the uterus, cervix and vagina, is secreted to facilitate uterine lubrication and microbial clearance. Predominantly composed of water and mucins, CVM also contains high levels of immuno-active proteins such as immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin and lysozyme which protect against infection by blocking adhesion and mediating microbial killing. The repertoire of cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial peptides is predominantly generated by the secretions of endometrial epithelial cells into the uterine lumen and concentrated in the CVM. The quantity and relative proportions of these inflammatory biomarkers are affected by diverse factors including the estrus cycle and health status of the animal and therefore potentially provide important diagnostic and prognostic indicators. We propose that measuring molecular signatures in bovine CVM could be a useful approach to identifying and monitoring genital tract pathologies in beef and dairy cows. 相似文献
13.
Spontaneous uterine motility and reactivity to intravenously administered oxytocin were recorded through the oestrous cycle in a group of goats. Contractions during oestrus were of significantly greater amplitude than in dioestrus and both the sensitivity and degree of response to oxytocin were greater in the oestrous phase. Evidence from a previous study suggests that the depressed spontaneous and oxytocin-induced motility in dioestrus is due to the predominating influence of progesterone during this stage of the cycle. 相似文献
14.
Disposition of gentamicin in the genital tract of cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S A Al-Guedawy C A Neff-Davis L E Davis H L Whitmore B K Gustafsson 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1983,6(2):85-91
The distribution of gentamicin (G) in plasma and uterine lumen was studied following intramuscular (i.m.) and intrauterine (i.u.) treatment. A Foley catheter was inserted into one uterine horn and retained in place by inflation of the cuff. This provided a closed system for collection of uterine lumen samples and analysis of the concentration of gentamicin for 6 h following treatment. Four normal cycling and healthy cows in dioestrus were given i.m. injections of 4 mg gentamicin/kg BW and another two were given i.m. injections of 2 mg gentamicin/kg BW gentamicin. The uteri were infused with 50 ml saline containing phenolsulphonphthalein (PSP) indicator. Blood and infused solution (IS) samples were periodically collected during the 6-h period following i.m. administration. Six hours after injection, approximately 183.7 micrograms gentamicin and 39.4 micrograms gentamicin were accumulated in the uterine lumen of cows receiving 4 mg gentamicin/kg BW and 2 mg gentamicin/kg BW, respectively. The amount of gentamicin reaching the blood stream after i.m. administration of 4 mg gentamicin/kg BW was 2.89 times that reached after administration of 2 mg gentamicin/kg BW based on the area under the curve of plots of plasma concentration of gentamicin versus time. Four normal-cycling and healthy cows in dioestrus were given i.u. infusions of gentamicin (225-275 mg) diluted in 50 ml saline containing PSP indicator using a Foley catheter in a closed system. Samples from the IS and blood were collected at various intervals for 6 h after infusion. Following i.u. infusion of gentamicin, an average of 29.4% of the dose was absorbed into the bloodstream. The majority of the dose of gentamicin (70.6%) remained in the uterine lumen throughout the 6-h period. 相似文献
15.
Mycotic invasion of the mare's uterus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M G Blue 《The Veterinary record》1983,113(6):131-132
Uterine infections in three mares following repeated uterine manipulations and antibiotic therapy were caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in two cases and Candida albicans in the third. Two of the infections were noticed during dioestrus and one at oestrus and one mare produced a purulent vulval discharge. Large numbers of neutrophils, increased protein concentrations and the presence of fungal hyphae in flushings from the uterine lumen were indicative of active infection. The mycotic infections caused only transient aberrations of the oestrous cycle and recovery without treatment was completed within 23 days. 相似文献
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17.
Ontsouka EC Reist M Graber H Blum JW Steiner A Hirsbrunner G 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2004,51(9-10):385-393
Serotoninergic and adrenergic receptors (5-HTR and AR) are involved in the regulation of uterine contractility. The objective of this study was to compare mRNA levels of 5-HTR(1A), 5-HTR(1B), 5-HTR(1D), 5-HTR(1F), 5-HTR(2A), 5-HTR(2B), 5-HTR(2C), 5-HTR(4) and alpha(1A), alpha(1B), alpha(1D), alpha(2AD), alpha(2B), alpha(2C), and beta(1), beta(2), beta(3)-AR in oestrus and dioestrus, and at three uterine locations (tip, middle and base) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Uterine specimens consisting of endometrium and myometrium including vessels and serosa were collected from cows in oestrus (n = 10) and dioestrus (n = 15) respectively. Levels of 5-HTR and AR mRNA were expressed relative to the geometric mean of ribosomal RNA (18S), ubiquitin and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase by the mean values of geNorm algorithm. 5-HTR(1A), 5-HTR(2C) and beta(3)-AR mRNA could not be detected in uterine tissues. The mRNA levels of 5-HTR(1F) and 5-HTR(2B) were lower (P < 0.05), but of 5-HTR(4) were higher (P < 0.05) in oestrus than in dioestrus. The mRNA levels of alpha(1A)-AR, alpha(2AD)-AR, alpha(2B)-AR were lower (P < 0.05), but of alpha(2C)-AR and beta(2)-AR were higher (P < 0.05) in oestrus than dioestrus. The mRNA levels of 5-HTR(1B) and 5-HTR(1D) (oestrus) and of alpha(2AD)-AR (dioestrus) differed among uterine locations (base > middle > tip; P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of 5-HTR and AR (subtypes) in bovine uterus was associated with cycle activity and varied according to uterine location. Additional studies on protein level will be carried out in order to elucidate the role of these receptor families on uterine contractility, which may then help to clarify clinical relevance. 相似文献
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Dvorak LD Bay JD Crouch DT Corwin RM 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2000,36(4):304-308
Two cases of feline intratracheal myiasis due to Cuterebra spp. larvae are reported. Both cats presented with inspiratory dyspnea and a nonproductive cough. One larva was successfully removed during thoracotomy, and the other was removed during bronchoscopy using forceps passed through a bronchoscope operating channel. Clinical signs were alleviated following removal of the larvae. 相似文献
20.
V Uhrín 《Veterinární medicína》1984,29(2):79-87
During the sexual cycle the structural changes in the cells of the glandular epithelium in the endometrium of a cow are more pronounced than those in the luminal epithelium. Microvilli appear on cell surface during pro-oestrus; in later stages the microvilli disappear and the apical parts penetrate into the lumen. The relative volume of mitochondria increases from pro-oestrus to culminate in oestrus and metoestrus and to drop in dioestrus. The values of the volume and surface area of granular endoplasmic reticulum are also at their highest level in oestrus and metoestrus. The lowest volume and surface area of smooth membranes are recorded in dioestrus, then it markedly increases to culminate in metoestrus. The incidence of lysosomes is variable and their volume culminates in metoestrus. The proliferation of the glandular epithelium has the highest intensity in oestrus and reaches its peak values in metoestrus when the apical parts of cytoplasm contain the largest amounts of smooth-walled vesicles and vacuoles, partly also secretory granules, and when the signs of secretion are observed. 相似文献