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1.
为寻求地下滴灌棉花高效高产适宜的灌溉指标,通过大田田间试验,研究了蕾、铃期不同水分亏缺对棉花生理形状以及水分利用率的影响,结果表明:棉花全生育期内株高、茎粗、叶面积指数均呈"慢-快-慢"变化规律,蕾期水分过多(SDI-8)或过少(SDI-1)均不利于棉花生理指标发育,铃期随水分胁迫加剧(SDI-5)而明显降低,同样水分胁迫条件不同生育阶段,棉花生理性状指标在营养生长阶段产生的负面影响比生殖生长阶段要小(SDI-1均大于SDI-5);SDI-7的籽棉产量和水分利用率均最高,比SDI-8(全生育期充足供水)分别提高了11.6%和12.6%。蕾期(适度水分亏缺)和铃期(充足供水)灌水控制下限分别为田间持水率60%和75%,更利于地下滴灌棉花籽棉产量和水分利用率显著提高。 相似文献
2.
水分调控对麦茬棉产量和水分利用效率的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究麦后移栽棉对水分调控的响应,于2012年6月~2012年10月通过人工控水试验研究了水分供应对麦后移栽棉生长、产量和品质的影响。小区试验结果表明,蕾期轻度水分亏缺花铃期充分灌水处理(T2)的籽棉产量、成铃数以及单铃质量均为最大,但蕾期和花铃期轻度水分胁迫处理(T4)的产量与处理T2差异不显著,但水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率分别提高了23.93%和34.01%;管栽试验结果表明,对照处理(T7)的单株成铃数的收获籽棉产量均最高,与对照处理相比,全生育期轻度水分胁迫处理(T8)减产3.98%,水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率分别提高了9.70%和20.02%;桶栽试验结果表明,灌水定额为1.6倍ETp处理(T11)的籽棉产量和单株成铃数均最高,与处理T11相比,灌水定额为1.3ETp处理(T12)的籽棉产量仅降低了9.7%,而灌水定额为1.0 ETp处理(T13)的籽棉产量降低了30%。说明适宜的水分胁迫(灌水下限为60%~65%FC,灌水上限为80%~85%FC)有利于麦后移栽棉的高产和水分利用效率的提高。 相似文献
3.
基于田间试验,分析了棉花耗水量与产量、边际产量、棉花水分利用效率之间的关系.结果表明,棉花产量、水分生产率均与棉花耗水量呈二次抛物线关系.就棉花产量而言,苗期、蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期对应的0.6m土体适宜土壤水分下限分别为55％FC～60％FC、65％FC～70％FC、75％FC～80％FC、60％FC～65％FC.棉花水分利用效率而言,苗期、蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期对应的0.6m土体适宜土壤水分下限分别为60％ FC～65％ FC、65％FC～70％FC、80％FC～85％FC、55％FC～60％FC. 相似文献
4.
利用气象资料指导膜下滴灌棉花灌溉的试验研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
利用气象资料指导膜下滴灌棉花灌溉的试验于2007年5~10月份在新疆生产建设兵团灌溉中心试验站的试验基地进行。试验共设置7个处理,分别按生育期ET0的不同比例进行灌水。试验结果表明,为了获得经济合理的产量,膜下滴灌棉花全生育期耗水量应控制在360~405 mm之间。用实时气象资料指导膜下滴灌棉花的灌溉具有很好的可行性,蕾期和花铃后期10 d灌1次水,灌水定额为60%ET0;花铃前期7 d灌1次水,灌水定额为75%ET0,是一种适宜北疆地区膜下滴灌棉花的灌水模式。 相似文献
5.
6.
南疆无膜滴灌棉花灌溉制度对土壤水分和产量品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《灌溉排水学报》2020,(5)
【目的】通过小区试验,探究南疆地区无膜滴灌不同灌水定额对土壤水分、棉花生长和产量品质的影响。【方法】试验设置3个无膜滴灌灌水定额(I_1、I_2和I_3),即36、45和54 mm,并以膜下滴灌I_4(36 mm)作为对照。【结果】无膜滴灌棉花茎粗和株高随灌水定额的增加而增加,但I_4处理对提高棉花茎粗和株高更显著。无膜滴灌棉花土壤含水率在0～60 cm剖面上随灌水定额的增加整体表现为增大趋势,而膜下滴灌处理的土壤水分波动要小于无膜滴灌处理。无膜滴灌棉花随着灌水定额的增加,籽棉产量显著增加,I_3处理的籽棉产量可达7 195.48 kg/hm~2,较膜下滴灌增加了19.54%,且棉花品质最好,但膜下滴灌的灌溉水利用高效率最高。【结论】从棉花生长、产量品质及灌溉水利用效率综合分析,无膜滴灌灌水定额为54 mm时,棉花生长及产量品质较优。 相似文献
7.
为了揭示棉花生长发育对咸水灌溉的响应特征,采用小区对比试验,研究了不同矿化度咸水灌溉对棉花出苗、株高、叶面积、果枝数、地上部干质量等形态指标以及产量构成、耗水量和水分利用率的影响.结果表明,棉花出苗率和成苗率随着灌溉水矿化度的增大而减小,但3 g/L灌水处理与对照间的差异不具有统计学意义,而5,7 g/L处理与对照间差异极具统计学意义.在移栽补全苗情况下,咸水灌溉对棉花形态生长指标产生了一定的抑制效应,灌溉水矿化度愈大,抑制作用愈大;对株高、叶面积和地上部干质量的影响在蕾期最明显,花铃期之后开始逐渐减弱;对果枝数和棉铃生长的影响程度随着棉花生育进程的推进而降低.处理间棉花的耗水量差异不具有统计学意义,籽棉产量和水分利用率的大小顺序,按灌水处理依次为3,1,5,7 g/L,其中7 g/L处理与对照间的差异具有统计学意义.与灌水前初始值相比,试验结束后1,3 g/L灌水处理的0~40 cm土层盐分未增加,5,7 g/L灌水处理则形成了积盐.研究结果可为咸水安全利用提供重要参考. 相似文献
8.
《灌溉排水学报》2021,40(5)
【目的】探讨麦后移栽棉适宜的调亏灌溉模式。【方法】在麦后移栽棉蕾期、花铃期分别设计不同亏水灌溉处理,研究了不同调亏灌溉处理对麦后移栽棉生长发育、产量、品质和灌溉水利用效率的影响。【结果】蕾期和花铃期的水分亏缺均会抑制棉花株高、茎粗等营养生长,其中蕾期水分亏缺影响程度相对较大;无论是蕾期还是花铃期,轻度亏水灌溉对棉花生长发育无明显影响;叶片相对含水率随缺水程度的增加呈下降趋势,蕾期或花铃期轻度亏缺灌溉均有利于地上干物质积累;与全生育期充分灌溉(CK2)处理相比,蕾期轻度调亏灌溉节省灌溉用水5.45%,增产9.16%,灌溉水利用效率提高15.05%;花铃期轻度调亏灌溉节省灌溉用水9.09%,增产2.34%,灌溉水利用效率提高12.90%;调亏灌溉对麦后移栽棉马克隆值和伸长效率影响不明显,但蕾期或花铃期轻度调亏灌溉都有提高棉纤维长度、整齐度和断裂比强度的趋势。【结论】在水资源供应较为充足时,蕾期轻度调亏灌溉、花铃期充分灌溉可获得最高的籽棉产量和较高的灌溉水利用效率;而在水资源不足的条件下,蕾期充分灌溉、花铃期轻度调亏灌溉是较为适宜的省水、高产、高效灌溉模式。 相似文献
9.
滴灌模式和灌水下限对甜瓜耗水量和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以膜下滴灌(MDI)、地表滴灌(DI)和地下滴灌(SDI)3种滴灌模式与4种不同灌水下限组合,在我国西北地区进行了滴灌模式和灌水下限对甜瓜耗水量和产量影响的试验研究.结果表明:同一灌水下限下,MDI较DI平均增产16.0%,较SDI平均增产7.5%,SDI较DI平均增产7.9%,3种滴灌模式的单产均高于当地地面灌溉的单产(40.97 t/hm2);DI耗水量最大(平均239.3 mm),SDI次之(平均217.3 mm),MDI最小(平均193.0 mm).同一滴灌模式下:伸蔓期灌水下限为60%田间持水量的处理较灌水下限为40%田间持水量的处理平均增产21.0%,耗水量平均增加9.2%;果实膨大期灌水下限为80%田间持水量的处理较灌水下限为70%田间持水量的处理平均增产9.3%,耗水量平均增加6.7%.甜瓜各生育阶段适宜土壤含水率下限(占田间持水量的百分比)分别为:苗期65%,伸蔓和开花坐果期60%,果实膨大期80%,成熟期55%. 相似文献
10.
为探明西北旱区滴灌棉花适宜的加气灌溉模式,试验以不加气灌溉为对照(CK),设置5个加气灌溉处理：苗期加气(AS)、蕾期加气(AB)、花铃期加气(AF)、蕾期加气+花铃期加气(ABF)、苗期加气+蕾期加气+花铃期加气(AW);研究了不同生育期加气灌溉对西北旱区棉花光合作用及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,与CK相比,所有加气处理的光合特性及地上部生物量都显著提高,其中处理AW较CK的净光合速率显著增加22.68%,蒸腾速率显著增加41.19%,气孔导度显著增加33.42%,胞间CO2浓度显著降低16.22%;花铃期加气灌溉使西北旱区棉花地上部茎、叶、蕾/铃干物质累积量分别显著增加29.26%,11.15%和33.41%.不同生育期加气灌溉下,棉花光合特性、地上部生物量以及产量最优的处理为AW和AF,且差异不具有统计学意义;但是处理AF的水分利用效率最高,为1.51 kg/m3,显著高于处理AW.因此,从高效节水增产的角度考虑,在棉花花铃期进行加气(AF)可作为西北旱区膜下滴灌棉花的最佳加气灌溉模式. 相似文献
11.
为确定麦后移栽棉的合理灌溉方式,在测坑条件下研究不同灌水次数组合对麦后移栽棉生长发育、蕾铃生长、籽棉产量、纤维品质及水分利用率的影响.研究结果表明：麦后移栽棉在新叶萌发期加灌促苗水（CT1）虽然促进了植株生长发育,但成铃数和铃重没有显著提高,也没有显著提高籽棉产量和纤维品质,且衣分和灌溉水利用率最低;仅灌活苗水而依靠降雨（CT4）不足以满足麦后移栽棉的正常需水,棉花受到了水分亏缺,抑制了植株生长发育和蕾铃正常生长,导致出现大幅度减产（18.9%）,降低了水分利用率,同时水分亏缺降低了马克隆值和断裂比强度,纤维品质差.与CT1处理相比,对盛蕾期进行灌水处理,在没有降低籽棉产量和纤维品质的情况下,显著提高了衣分,同时,水分利用率和灌溉水利用率分别提高了8.5%和30.8%,可实现麦后移栽棉节水高产的统一. 相似文献
12.
为探究不同灌溉时段及水温对膜下滴灌棉花生理特性及产量的影响,设置4个灌溉水温梯度分别为15(正常灌溉水温),20,25,30 ℃,2个灌溉时段分别为日间、夜间(分别记为DW,NW)进行完全组合设计,共计8个处理.结果表明,增温灌溉提前了棉花生育进程,促进了棉花株高、茎粗、叶面积增长,有利于棉花光合作用的进行,且在夜间进行增温灌溉效果更显著.增温灌溉使棉花产量显著提高2.95%~14.13%,夜间灌溉较日间灌溉棉花产量平均提高3.34%.基于回归分析确定提高棉花产量的最佳灌溉时段为夜间,最佳灌溉水温为26.38 ℃,对应的产量为7 482.96 kg/hm2.该研究可为北疆膜下滴灌棉花实施增温灌溉技术提供理论依据和技术参考. 相似文献
13.
为了探明降解膜在哈密盆地滴灌棉花种植的应用效果,选取降解膜M1,M2,M3,M4及普通塑料地膜PE(CK)开展对照试验,研究降解膜的降解性能及其对滴灌棉花土壤水热变化与产量的影响.结果表明:M2在覆膜80 d左右最早出现降解、180 d左右进入残存期,生育期末仍有小块地膜残片存在;而降解膜M1与M3于生育期末才进入崩解期,降解相对缓慢;普通塑料地膜始终没有降解.苗期和蕾期各种降解膜尚未开始降解,保温保墒性能与CK相似;花期以后各种降解膜出现了不同程度的降解,花期降解膜与普通塑料地膜覆盖的土壤平均温度差异最大,降解膜M1,M2,M3及M4的土壤平均温度分别比CK低11.62%,10.02%,7.67%及10.45%,而铃期和吐絮期土壤温度差异较小,降解膜土壤平均温度比CK仅低2.05%~5.52%;花期到吐絮期降解膜M1,M2,M3及M4处理的土壤平均质量含水率分别比CK低5.92%,8.09%,7.14%及12.41%,保墒性能差异较大;降解膜处理的籽棉产量较CK减产2.05%~13.72%,其中降解膜M2产量仅次于CK,且与CK之间无统计学意义.因此,无色透明氧化-生物双降解膜M2替代普通塑料地膜用于哈密盆地等极端干旱区棉花生产实践具有可行性. 相似文献
14.
干旱区秸秆覆盖对滴灌棉花生长及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索秸秆覆盖对北疆滴灌棉花生长特征和产量的影响,2009—2012年期间,以小麦秸秆为材料,在非盐碱土和盐碱土2种土壤条件下,进行了无覆盖（LUM）、表层覆盖（LSM）、地表以下30 cm深处覆盖（LM30）的测坑对比试验.结果表明：秸秆覆盖对棉花生长及产量具有一定的促进效果,对盐碱土种植的棉花株高、叶面积指数和产量的促进作用显著,而对非盐碱土棉花株高、叶面积指数和产量的促进作用不明显.地表覆盖综合调控效应优于30 cm深层覆盖,尤其是在棉花花铃期,在盐分抑制方面地表覆盖要比30 cm覆盖效果好;30 cm覆盖在苗期和蕾期可以给棉花生长创造比较好的条件,而在花铃期以后这种覆盖效果不太明显;表层覆盖处理棉花产量最高,高出无覆盖处理3.2%-17.9%,高出30 cm深层覆盖3.1%-16.3%. 相似文献
15.
The field experiments were conducted for 2 years to evaluate the response of normally sown and paired sown cotton in terms
of seed cotton yield and water use efficiency (WUE) at various levels of water applied through drip system. Drip irrigation
under normal sowing resulted in an increase in seed cotton yield of 14 and 32% during first and second year, respectively,
when same quantity of water was applied through drip and check-basin. Drip irrigation under dense paired sowing, in which
the quantity of water applied was 75% as compared to drip under normal sowing, produced equal seed cotton yield during first
year but yield increase of 27% was observed during second year. Drip irrigation under normal paired sowing, in which the quantity
of water applied was 50% as compared with drip under normal sowing, resulted in a reduction in seed cotton yield of 11 and
15% than normal sowing during first and second year, respectively. However, at equal levels of water applied, dense paired
sowing produced 12 and 23% higher seed cotton yield than normal sowing during first and second year, respectively. Similarly,
normal paired sowing produced 6 and 14% higher seed cotton yield than normal sowing during first and second year, respectively,
The present study revealed that dense paired sowing produced highest yield and water use efficiency along with reduction in
cost owing to lower number of laterals required. 相似文献
16.
《Agricultural Water Management》2005,71(2):167-179
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of various levels of water and N application through drip irrigation on seed cotton yield and water use efficiency (WUE). In this experiment three levels of water (Epan 0.4, 0.3, and 0.2) and three levels of N (100, 75, and 50% of recommended N, 75 kg/ha) through drip were compared with check-basin method of irrigation under two methods of planting (normal sowing, NS; paired sowing, PS). The results revealed that when the same quantity of irrigation water and N was applied through drip irrigation system, it increased the seed cotton yield to 2144 from 1624 kg/ha (an increase of 32%) under check-basin method of irrigation. When the quantity of water through drip was reduced to 75%, the increase in seed cotton yield was 12%; however, when water was reduced to 50%, it resulted 2% lower yield than check-basin. The decrease in N through fertigation resulted in reduction in seed cotton yield at all the levels of water supply, but the magnitude of reduction was the highest at highest level of water supply. In paired sowing (PS), 20% higher seed cotton yield was obtained as compared with check-basin method under NS along with 50% saving of water. In paired sowing the sacrifice of 9% seed cotton yield as compared with NS resulted in saving of 50% water as well as the cost of laterals because there was one lateral for two paired rows. The WUE increased by 26% (22.1 from 17.6 kg/ha cm) in drip irrigation system when same quantity of water and N fertilizer was applied as compared with check-basin. WUE was not affected with quantity of water but decrease in rate of N caused a decrease in WUE at all the quantities of water applied. In general, WUE was higher in PS as compared with NS. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen increased from 21.65 to 28.59 kg of seed cotton per kg of N applied when same quantity of water and N was applied through drip irrigation as compared with check-basin. However, decrease in quantity of water applied resulted in a decrease in agronomic efficiency of N but reverse was true for rates of N applied. When the same quantity of water and N was applied under both the methods of planting, PS produced 22% higher seed cotton yield and along with reduced cost owing to half the number of laterals required. 相似文献
17.
Water use and yield responses of cotton to alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation in the arid area of north-west China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A field experiment was carried out over 2 years to investigate the effect of partial root-zone irrigation applied using drip
irrigation on the water use and yield of cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum) in oasis fields of arid north-west China. Two irrigation treatments, i.e., conventional drip irrigation (CDI, both sides
of plant row watered) or alternate drip irrigation (ADI, both sides of plant row alternatively watered) were applied under
plastic mulch. Three irrigation levels (i.e., 15, 22.5, 30 mm during 2004 and 12, 18, 24 mm during 2005) were applied at each
irrigation. Monitoring of soil water contents in the ADI treatment indicated a change in root-zone uptake in response to the
irrigation method, although there existed some lateral soil water movement from the wetted side to the dry side after each
watering. Stomatal conductance in ADI was lower than that of CDI when compared at the same irrigation level. Reduced stomatal
conductance and water loss resulted in higher water use efficiency (WUE) in the ADI treatment. About 31-33% less total irrigation
water was applied using the ADI method when compared to that of the CDI treatment with a similar seed cotton yield. ADI also
yielded 11% more pre-frost seed cotton than CDI in 2005, indicating a better lint quality and higher price. These results
suggest that ADI should be a useful water-saving irrigation method in arid oasis fields where cotton production is heavily
dependent on irrigation and water resources are scarce. 相似文献
18.
A field experiment was conducted for 2 years to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation, nitrogen and plant growth minerals on seed cotton yield, water productivity and yield response factor. The treatment comprises six levels of deficit irrigation (Etc 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6 and 0.5) and four levels of nitrogen (80, 120, 160 and 200 kg N ha−1). These were treatments superimposed with and without plant growth mineral spray. Furrow irrigation treatments were also kept. Cotton variety Ankur-651 Bt was grown during 2006 and 2007 cotton season. Drip irrigation at 1.0 Etc saved 26.9% water and produced 43.1% higher seed cotton yield over conventional furrow irrigation (1.0 Etc). Imposing irrigation deficit of 0.8 Etc caused significant reduction in seed cotton yield to the tune of 9.3% of the maximum yield. Further increase in deficit irrigation from 0.7 Etc to 0.5 Etc significantly decreased seed cotton yield over its subsequent higher irrigation level. Decline in the yield under deficit irrigation was associated with reduction in number of bolls plant−1 and boll weight. Nitrogen at 200 kg ha−1 significantly increased mean seed cotton yield by 36.3% over 80 kg N ha−1. Seed cotton yield tended to increase linearly up to 200 kg N ha−1 with drip Etc 0.8 to drip Etc 1.0. With drip Etc 0.6-0.5, N up to 160 kg ha−1 provided the highest yield, thereafter it had declined. Foliar spray of plant growth mineral (PGM) brought about significant improvement in seed cotton yield by 14.1% over control. The water productivity ranged from 0.331 to 0.491 kg m−3 at different irrigation and N levels. On pooled basis, crop yield response factor of 0.87 was calculated at 20% irrigation deficit. 相似文献