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1.
大花葵花色苷抑菌功能研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本项研究通过采用固体培养和液体培养的试验方法,进行大花葵花(Malvasylvestris)色苷对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和黑曲霉的抑菌试验。结果表明:大花葵花色苷对金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑制作用,而对大肠杆菌和黑曲霉没有抑制现象发生。在固体培养试验中大花葵花色苷随着浓度的增加,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制程度越大,当大花葵花色苷浓度为10g/L时抑菌圈平均直径为6mm,当浓度增加至30g/L时,抑菌圈平均直径为16mm。而且,高浓度的大花葵花色苷溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌有长时间的抑制作用。 相似文献
2.
花色苷(Anthocyanin)是植物多酚类化合物,广泛存在于自然界中。以笃斯越橘、黑加仑、树莓3种浆果为原料进行了花色苷抗氧化活性功能的研究,结果表明:3种花色苷都具有抗氧化活性,可以有效清除DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧自由基,都具有还原能力,可以有效地抑制脂质过氧化。3种花色苷的抗氧化能力和其浓度之间存在着明显的量效关系,且在不同的抗氧化体系中相同浓度下的不同花色苷则表现出不同的抗氧化活性;3种方法相互之间对于测定花色苷抗氧化能力都具有显著的相关性。 相似文献
3.
紫甘薯花色苷的组分及抗氧化活性研究(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对紫甘薯花色苷的化学成分和抗氧化活性进行了研究.研究采用大孔树脂AB-8纯化紫甘薯花色苷,高效液相色谱-2极管阵列法(HPLC-DAD)分析表明,纯化后的提取物中共含有11种花色苷,其中主要成分为酰化的矢车菊素和芍药素.并测定了紫甘薯总花色苷在DPPH自由基清除体系、超氧阴离子体系、还原力和亚油酸体系的抗氧化活性.在质量浓度均为0.5g/L时,花色苷、L-AA和 BHT的还原力分别为0.572、0.460 和0.121,花色苷的清除DPPH自由基的半数抑制浓度(IC50)和清除超氧阴离子IC50分别为6.94和3.68mg/L,表明花色苷还原能力强,并能有效地清除DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子.此外,紫甘薯花色苷能较好地抑制脂质过氧化. 相似文献
4.
蓝靛果是具有丰富的花色苷的一种浆果,经常温用60％乙醇提取蓝靛果粉末后,用pH示差法对其干物质中的花色苷含量进行测定,测定得蓝靛果干物质中的花色苷含量为12．232mg／g。并测定其体外抗氧化性,分别对羟自由基、超氧自由基、DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的清除率进行测定,用VC作为阳性对照,可得蓝靛果花色苷具有极强的抗氧化性,可用于保健食品药品等领域。 相似文献
5.
紫叶稠李叶片花色苷及其合成相关酶动态 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
以紫叶稠李为试材,以叶片为绿色的稠李为对照,测定叶片转色期2树种不同部位叶片中花色苷含量,以及花色苷合成相关酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、查儿酮异构酶(CHI)、二氢黄酮醇还原酶(DFR)和类黄酮糖基转移酶(UFGT)活性的变化.结果表明;5月到7月,紫叶稠李基部、中部、梢部叶片中花色苷的含量分别增加了219.40%、666.63%、76.81%.PAL活性与花色苷的含量呈显著的二次曲线关系,当PAL活性大于60 U·g-1 FW 时,花色苷的含量随着PAL活性的增加而增加;CHI活性与花色苷的含量呈极显著的线性关系,花色苷的含量随着 CHI活性的升高而增加;当DFR活性为50～150 U·g-1FW,随着酶活性的升高花色苷的含量增加;UFGT活性与花色苷含量呈极显著的幂函数关系,其活性的提高能显著增加叶片中花色苷的含量. 相似文献
6.
目的:研究山桃稠李果实花色苷的提取及抗氧化,以期为其进一步开发利用提供理论基础。方法:以牡丹江产山桃稠李果实为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法,以花色苷得率为指标,探讨乙醇浓度、时间、固液比等因素对得率的影响;体外抗氧化模型研究其抗氧化能力。结果:乙醇浓度60%~75%,固液比1∶15~1∶20,超声波时间35~40 min,超声功率在400 W左右,提取温度在30~40℃左右时,可以作为进一步优化的参数条件,其浓度在1 mg/mL时,超氧自由基清除率在27%左右,其花色苷平均得率为:0.8 mg/g以上。结论:超声波法能快速提取山桃稠李果实中的花色苷,其花色显示一定抗超氧化能力。 相似文献
7.
桑葚酒渣作为桑葚酒酿造过程中的废弃物,富含多酚类生物活性成分,尤其是桑葚花色苷,具有较大的开发利用价值。以桑葚酒渣花色苷为研究对象,考察鸡卵白蛋白(OVA)?桑葚酒渣花色苷纳米颗粒的包埋率、外观形态、粒径和电势分布和抗氧化活性,以及在模拟胃肠消化体系中的稳定性。结果表明,当桑葚酒渣花色苷与OVA摩尔比为3∶1时,OVA能包埋最多的桑葚酒渣花色苷。桑葚酒渣花色苷与OVA在磷酸盐缓冲液中能相互作用形成纳米颗粒,其粒径约为40~45 nm。OVA?桑葚酒渣花色苷纳米颗粒较未包埋桑葚酒渣花色苷清除1,1?二苯基?2?三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和2,2′?连氮基?双?(3?乙基苯并二氢噻唑啉?6?磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基能力明显增强。在模拟胃消化模型中,包埋前后的桑葚酒渣花色苷稳定性没有显著性差异;在模拟肠消化模型中,包埋后的桑葚酒渣花色苷稳定性显著提高,未包埋的花色苷在4.0 h后含量降低83.00%左右,而有OVA包埋的桑葚酒渣花色苷含量只降低45.00%左右,表明OVA与桑葚酒渣花色苷结合对花色苷的抗氧化稳定性有较好的保护作用。研究结果为桑葚酒渣花色苷的开发利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
8.
为提高花色苷的稳定性，拓宽其在功能性产品上的应用，以阿拉伯胶和乳清蛋白为壁材，杜鹃花色苷为芯材，采用响应面法优化锦绣杜鹃花色苷微胶囊的制备工艺，同时运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)仪和热重(TG)分析仪等对花色苷微胶囊进行表征分析。研究结果表明：喷雾干燥法制备锦绣杜鹃花色苷微胶囊的最佳工艺条件为壁芯比4∶1(g/g),进风口温度165℃,进料流量500 mL/h,此条件下，花色苷微胶囊包埋率为(89.28±1.05)%。SEM显示花色苷微胶囊呈较均匀的球状颗粒，粒径为4.0μm,结构紧密，无裂痕，不易黏连。FT-IR分析表明杜鹃花色苷包埋在阿拉伯胶和乳清蛋白形成的薄膜中。TG分析表明花色苷在197.7℃,质量明显下降，而花色苷微胶囊在237.5℃才有明显质量损失。储存稳定性分析表明受光照、温度的影响，杜鹃花色苷微胶囊保留率明显比未包埋的花色苷高。 相似文献
9.
不同蓝莓品种果实抗氧化能力比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以引种栽培于湖南省森林植物园的5个蓝莓品种‘灿烂’、"蓝月"、‘库帕’、‘伯克利’、‘布里吉塔’为试验材料,测定其采收后的果实中可溶性多糖、Vc、还原型谷胱甘肽、总花色苷4种抗氧化物质的含量,并测定其果实中代表抗氧化活性的DPPH自由基清除能力和SOD的活性,同时分析比较4种抗氧化物质与DPPH自由基清除能力之间的相关性。结果表明:5个品种中‘蓝月’的Vc含量、还原型谷胱甘肽含量、总花色苷含量、DPPH自由基清除能力以及SOD活性均显著高于其他4个品种(P0.05);Vc含量、还原型谷胱甘肽含量以及总花色苷含量与DPPH自由基清除能力成显著正相关关系(P0.05);可溶性多糖含量与DPPH自由基清除能力相关性较弱。说明5个品种中‘蓝月’的抗氧化能力最强。 相似文献
10.
【目的】通过优化浸泡工序以及添加抗氧化剂叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)对香榧籽加工过程和常温货架期间油脂氧化和抗氧化能力的影响研究,阐明香榧籽品质劣变发生及其调控机制,为提高香榧成品率,提供理论和实践依据。【方法】5%和20%氯化钠(NaCl)浸泡处理,每个浓度浸泡时间设定为0、5、10和20 min,测定过氧化值、酸价、亚油酸脂质过氧化体系的抑制率、总酚和DPPH自由基清除活性等指标,确定适宜的盐浸时间。选择最佳浓度和时间的浸泡液处理,外源添加0.02%TBHQ,进行第2次烘烤,并将炒制成品在室温条件下储藏60天,测定过氧化值、酸价、p-茴香胺值,亚油酸脂质过氧化体系抑制率、总酚和DPPH自由基清除活性等指标。【结果】香榧烘烤过程的最佳浸泡条件为20%NaCl溶液浸泡10 min。在这个浓度下香榧的过氧化值、酸价和脂质氧化抑制率最低,同时总酚含量和DPPH自由基清除活性最高。20%NaCl溶液中加入TBHQ会使DPPH清除活性、总酚含量和维生素E含量进一步升高,并且过氧化值、酸价和p-茴香胺值的增长速度减慢。室温储藏60天货架期内,添加TBHQ的香榧籽品质和抗氧化活性优于未添加TBHQ的空白对照。【结论】在20%NaCl溶液浸泡10 min可缓解香榧品质下降。TBHQ可以减轻香榧籽在烘烤和常温货架存放过程中的脂质氧化,并提高氧化稳定性,从而提高香榧加工和贮藏技术。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
18.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献