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河套地区的土壤气候条件，适宜于种植甜菜，所产甜菜块根，以含糖量高而著称。５０年代期间甜菜块根含糖量都在２０度以上，因此而相继兴建制糖工厂５座，目前日加工甜菜能力已达到５０００ｔ左右。为发挥这一优势，发展甜菜制糖工业，国家、自治区、巴盟都很重视这一北方... 相似文献
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我国甜菜丛根病研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甜菜丛根病是目前甜菜种植业中的一种毁灭性病害。我国对甜菜丛根病的研究十分重视，并进行了广泛和深入的研究。本文从甜菜丛根病的症状类型、甜菜丛根病的病原病毒和真菌介体、甜菜丛根病的防治、甜菜抗丛根病品种的选育等方面出发，对我国甜菜丛根病的研究进展作了较为详尽的介绍。 相似文献
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甜菜安防除甜菜田阔叶杂草的效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对不同施药浓度的甜菜安乳油进行试验,明确16%甜菜安乳油对甜菜的安全性、防除对象、防除效果以及适宜的施用剂量(用甜幕宁做对照).结果表明,16%甜菜安乳油每公顷使用剂量为6000～8000mL(商品用量)时防除甜菜一年生阔叶杂草效果显著,对黎、蓼、茼麻、苋、野芝麻、刺儿菜等防除效果可达90%以上. 相似文献
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谈谈我国甜菜的质量安全问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文剖析了我国甜菜生产存在的质量安全问题,主要有:甜菜生产过多施用农药、化肥对农业生态环境的不良影响;甜菜质量安全相关法律法规及配套标准和操作规程不健全;甜菜种子质量管理体系不完善;甜菜原料品质逐年下降等。针对上述问题提出了以下几项改进措施:建立甜菜质量安全法律、法规,做到有法可依;健全甜菜种子、甜菜原料及制品质量标准;建立我国甜菜质量安全监督检验制度和程序,确保质量安全水平不断提高;建立甜菜种子和原料标准化生产基地,推广无公害甜菜生产技术及检测体系等。 相似文献
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对甜菜生产实行补贴的建议 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
介绍了国外对农业和甜菜生产的补贴情况和我国一些省区及甜菜制糖企业对甜菜生产的补贴情况.根据利于扶持和发展甜菜生产和甜菜制糖行业、平衡甜菜和粮食作物的比价、利于规模化经营和地区经济发展、可以减轻企业和地方的负担、可以减少甜菜生产成本等,提出了对甜菜生产实行补贴的建议. 相似文献
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叶用甜菜（B.ciclaL.）和糖甜菜（B.uvulgarisL.）种间杂交后代表现 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以９个不同来源的叶用甜和糖甜菜杂交，结果表明，胜叶用甜菜作母本，杂种Ｆ２生长习性遗传多数不符合３：１的分离比率；用糖甜菜作母本，杂种Ｆ２生长习性遗传符合３Ｄ：１的分离比率。 相似文献
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我国甜菜品种的遗传基础及对策分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
我国不是甜菜起源地，育种年限至今也仅有４０年左右。我国甜菜育种是在引种、鉴定、选择利用的基础上发展起来的。了解我国甜菜品种的遗传组成，骨干品系的遗传基础及变化趋势，对我国甜菜育种和生产的发展具有一定的参考价值。１我国甜菜品种选育的回顾从我国应用第一批... 相似文献
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分别于2010和2011年对全国18和20个省(区)的130和141个大豆科技示范县进行抽样调查,收集当地大豆生产田的单产及其相关性状数据。在此基础上,按大豆栽培区划进行分区统计,并采用多元逐步回归方法判断不同地区影响产量的关键因素。结果表明,各地区大豆的播种期因耕作制度不同和气象条件多样而存在很大差异,变化幅度大小依次为南方>西北>东北>黄淮海;东北地区大豆种植密度最高,西北、黄淮海居中,南方最低。平均单产高低依次为西北>东北>黄淮海>南方。在农艺和产量性状中,株高以东北大豆为最高,其后依次为西北、黄淮海和南方;单株荚数与单株粒数2个性状的地域差异趋势一致,2010年均依次为南方>西北>黄淮海>东北,2011年均依次为西北>南方>黄淮海>东北;黄淮海地区大豆的百粒重最高,西北次之,东北及南方则相对偏低。多元逐步回归结果表明,在东北和南方地区,影响大豆产量的首要因素为单株粒数,而在西北及黄淮海地区则为单位面积株数。文中讨论了不同主产区提高大豆单产的主攻方向。 相似文献
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Variations in Concentration and Distribution of Health-Related Elements Affected by Environmental and Genotypic Differences in Rice Grains 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
REN Xue-liang LIU Qing-long Wu Dian-xing SHU Qing-yao 《水稻科学》2006,13(3):170-178
Malnutrition is one of the major problems inmost of the developing countries, especially amongwomen, infants and children. Biofortification is a verynew strategy to enhance the bioavailability ofmicronutrients in staple food by using advancedbreeding meth… 相似文献
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本试验以高淀粉品种晋薯２号、中淀粉品种内薯３号、低淀粉品种紫花白为材料，对不同生育时期叶片及叶柄的全氮、全磷、全钾量进行了测定分析．其结果：同一品种内，随生育时期的推移，叶片和叶柄的氮、磷、钾含量均逐渐下降；各品种氮、磷在叶片中的含量始终高于叶柄，而钾在叶片中的含量则始终低于叶柄；不同品种叶片和叶柄氮、磷、钾含量变化与品种的淀粉含量呈正相关。生育中后期相关更显著，而叶柄氮、磷、钾含量与品种淀扮含量达到了显著正相关．因此，生育中后期叶柄的氮、磷、钾的含量是衡量马铃薯品种淀粉含量高低的重要生理指标，可做为马铃薯高淀粉育种早期选择和品质预测的科学依据． 相似文献
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不同花生品种重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr富集与转运规律 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以青岛市8个主栽花生品种为试材,通过相同土壤条件下大田种植和室内检测分析,对花生植株不同器官中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr重金属元素的吸收、富集与转运规律进行了研究。结果表明,供试的8个花生品种植株根系中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd含量存在显著性差异,茎叶中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr含量存在显著性差异,籽仁中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr含量均存在显著性差异,果壳中Cu、Zn和Cd含量存在显著性差异;供试的8个花生品种籽仁中Cd含量均超过了农业部无公害花生Cd≤0.05 mg.kg-1的卫生限量标准。花生植株各器官对重金属的平均生物富集量顺序：根系和果壳为Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb〉Cd,茎叶和籽仁为Zn〉Cu〉Pb〉Cr〉Cd。花生植株各器官的平均转运量系数顺序：茎叶为Pb〉Zn〉Cd〉Cr〉Cu,籽仁为Zn〉Cu〉Cd〉Pb〉Cr,果壳为Cr〉Cu〉Zn〉Pb〉Cd。A4为花生籽仁低Pb吸收富集型品种,A3为花生籽仁低Cd吸收富集型品种。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(5):533-538
AbstractCommon buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench cv. Tsushima) and Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn. cv. Pontivy) were grown in a nutrient solution with or without added NaCl to investigate interspecific differences in their responses to salinity, based on their dry-matter production. The mechanism of salt tolerance was also studied. Addition of 100 mM NaCl to the culture solution (salt treatment) lowered the plant growth rate to 48% and 16% of the control in Tsushima and Pontivy, respectively, and decreased the net assimilation rate and mean leaf area of Pontivy more severely than in Tsushima. The salt treatment decreased the leaf growth rate and leaf area per leaf to 30% and 72% of the control, respectively, in Tsushima, and to 12% and 52%, respectively, in Pontivy. It decreased the photosynthetic rate to 67% and 35% of the control, and stomatal conductance to 25% and 15% of the control in Tsushima and Pontivy, respectively. It also decreased the transpiration rate to 41% and 30% of the control in Tsushima and Pontivy, respectively, and increased the wateruse efficiency 1.6 times in Tsushima, but did not influence the wateruse efficiency in Pontivy. In the saline solution, the accumulation of Na+ in leaves and stem was greater in Pontivy than in Tsushima, but that in the roots, was greater in Tsushima than in Pontivy. In both species, Na+ accumulated rapidly in the leaves after removal of the roots in the saline solution. We conclude that the difference in salt tolerance between common and Tartary buckwheat may result from the difference in accumulation of Na+ in leaves and absorption of Na+ by the roots. 相似文献
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Satoshi Hayashi Akihiko Kamoshita Junko Yamagishi Anuchart Kotchasatit Boonrat Jongdee 《Field Crops Research》2009
Large within-field variation in rice growth often causes production loss in broadcast-seeded (BC) rainfed lowland rice. The spatial variability of direct-seeded rainfed lowland rice was evaluated in 2004, 2005, and 2007 in on-station experiments at Ubon Ratchathani, northeast Thailand, in relation to soil water content and weed infestation, by adopting semivariogram and block kriging, including comparisons among BC with harrowing (BCH; no weeding), BC with no harrowing (BCNH; no weeding), and row-seeded (RS; interrow weeding once) fields. BCH and BCNH were also compared in 11 farmers’ fields in 2006 and 2007, to assess the effect of harrowing on rice growth and weed infestation. During most of the rice growing periods, flooded and non-flooded portions existed simultaneously in the fields, with different proportions among years and among seeding methods in the on-station experiment. BCH and BCNH rice had large within-field variation in seedling density, heading date, shoot dry matter, grain yield, harvest index, panicle density, and filled spikelet per panicle, as well as in weed infestation, measured by a quick visual estimation. Many of the measured variables (except mean soil water content in RS in 2007, seedling density in BCH in 2005 and 2007, shoot dry matter in BCH and BCNH in 2007, and panicle density in BCH in 2007) were spatially dependent (i.e., data from nearby locations were most similar) by geostatistical analysis. Analysis of correlations using the 420 data sets of BCH plots in 2005 and BCH, BCNH, and RS plots in 2007 revealed a positive correlation between soil water content and grain yield and negative correlations between weed infestation and soil water content and grain yield. Compared with BCH, in 2007 BCNH had much lower grain yield because of lower soil water content after establishment and more weed infestation. BCH had higher grain yield than BCNH in weedy fields in the farmers’ fields experiment. RS with interrow weeding resulted in a smaller coefficient of variation, smaller sill value, and higher grain yield than BCH, due to less weed infestation and a higher proportion of flooded water. These results indicated that reducing the spatial variability in rice growth requires careful field preparation, such as harrowing to level the soil surface and to reduce the uneven distribution of standing water and the variability in soil water content, combined with effective crop and weed management (i.e., harrowing and row-seeding). This is the first study that examined spatial variability in the growth of direct-seeded rice as a function of soil water content and weed infestation in a rainfed lowland environment. 相似文献
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为了解洛阳市小麦籽粒元素富集特征基于土壤元素含量的关系,对洛阳市土壤硒高背景区种植的小麦和土壤进行了系统采集,测定了土壤25项全量指标、6种元素的有效态指标、7种元素的形态指标及小麦籽粒12种微量元素含量,分析了土壤和小麦籽粒中有益元素和重金属元素的含量特征、富集规律以及小麦籽粒微量元素与土壤元素的相关性。结果表明,研究区土壤富集硒和钼,小麦籽粒中钼、锌、硒、铜的富集系数均大于15%,富硒小麦的比例为69.11%,籽粒镉、砷、铅、汞、铬含量均低于全国平均值。小麦籽粒中硒、钼、砷含量与土壤pH值均呈显著正相关,镉、铬、镍含量与土壤pH值均呈显著负相关,锗含量与土壤pH值呈正相关,铜、锌含量与土壤pH值呈负相关,汞、铅、氟含量与土壤pH值均无相关性。研究区小麦籽粒具有有益元素丰富、有害元素含量低的特征,因而该地区是富硒富钼同时锌铜丰富的特色小麦有利地区。 相似文献
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Watermelon yield loss due to Fusarium wilt is increasing in the U.S., due in part to the emergence of the virulent race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, and to the shift in production to triploid cultivars, which generally have less host resistance than previously grown diploid cultivars. One potential management strategy is the use of soil-applied fungicides to reduce Fusarium wilt. The U.S. national program, interregional project 4 (IR-4) supported multistate trials of soil-applied chemicals to manage Fusarium wilt of watermelon. Greenhouse trials were conducted in Maryland, Indiana and Georgia to test the efficacy of 14 chemicals on Fusarium wilt. Based on the performance of these chemicals in the greenhouse, six in Maryland and Delaware and eight in Indiana were selected for subsequent field evaluations. These chemicals were applied once, as a drench at planting, in field trials in Maryland, Indiana, and Delaware in 2008. The fungicides prothioconazole, acibenzolar-S-methyl, and thiophanate-methyl resulted in the greatest reduction in Fusarium wilt, and caused no phytotoxicity. In Maryland and Indiana in 2009, these chemicals were applied through the drip irrigation line alone and in combination, at 0, 2 and 4 weeks after planting. The experiment was repeated in 2010 in Maryland. Prothioconazole alone and in combination with acibenzolar-S-methyl or/and thiophanate-methyl resulted in the greatest decrease in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of Fusarium wilt of watermelon in Maryland in 2009. The same trend was observed in 2010 in Maryland where three of the prothioconazole treatments ranked the lowest of all treatments and prothioconazole in combination with thiophanate-methyl had significantly lower Fusarium wilt AUDPC compared to the non-treated control. All chemical applications except for acibenzolar-S-methyl in combination with prothioconazole reduced Fusarium wilt AUDPC in Indiana in 2009. Prothioconazole alone and prothioconazole in combination with thiophanate-methyl ranked lowest in Fusarium wilt AUDPC, although not significantly lower than most other treatments. These studies are the first to demonstrate that the soil-applied fungicides prothioconazole and thiophanate-methyl may provide an additional field management option for Fusarium wilt of watermelon. 相似文献
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玉米C型胞质雄性不育系POD、CAT、SOD活性及POD酶谱分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以玉米C型雄性不育系C478及其保持系478、恢复系H01为材料,对叶片以及雄穗小花的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和过氧化物酶同工酶谱进行比较研究。结果表明：玉米叶片在生长过程中,不育系与保持系和恢复系叶片中的POD活性有明显差异;CAT活性在抽雄期相差不大;不育系每个时期的SOD活性均显著高于保持系。玉米雄穗发育过程中,不育系雄穗小花的POD活性高于保持系和恢复系,不育系雄穗小花刚开始孕育穗长不超过5 cm(时期I)时CAT的活性显著高于保持系与恢复系,不育系雄穗小花孕育完全但没抽出(时期II)时SOD活性明显低于其保持系。玉米抽雄期和开花期的不育系与保持系、恢复系叶片中的酶谱差异明显。 相似文献