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1.
【目的】保护性耕作是提高土壤有机碳（SOC）含量、促进土壤团聚体形成的重要措施。论文旨在揭示保护性耕作对土壤表层（0-10 cm）有机碳含量及储量的影响,探讨不同级别团聚体的固碳特征,为阐明土壤固碳机理和筛选黄土坡耕地区农田土壤增碳耕作措施提供理论依据。【方法】长期试验位于黄土高原坡耕地区,开始于1999年,共设4个处理：少耕（RT）、免耕覆盖（NT）、深松覆盖（SM）和传统翻耕（CT）。利用15年长期试验的作物产量和0-10 cm 土层土壤有机碳数据分析农田碳投入和土壤固碳量;通过湿筛法筛分＞2、1-2、0.25-1、0.053-0.25和＜0.053 mm粒级团聚体,分析不同团聚体的固碳特征。【结果】15年长期免耕覆盖和深松覆盖处理显著提高了土壤0-10 cm表层有机碳含量及储量,同传统翻耕处理相比,有机碳含量分别提高了22.9%和21.8%,有机碳储量分别提高了21.8%和16.7%,固碳速率分别为0.09和0.06 t C?hm-2?a-1。微团聚体（＜0.25 mm）存储了大部分的有机碳,占总团聚体有机碳储量的65%,但其有机碳含量较低。大团聚体（＞0.25 mm）有机碳含量较高,约为微团聚体的3-8倍,且对不同耕作措施反应敏感,可作为评价长期不同耕作措施对土壤有机碳含量影响的指标。土壤固碳量随着累积碳投入量的增加而显著增加,要维持土壤有机碳储量稳定,每年最低需投入外源碳2.4 t C?hm-2。【结论】长期保护性耕作（包括免耕覆盖和深松覆盖）提高了黄土坡耕地区土壤及团聚体有机碳储量,是有利于该地区土壤增碳的管理措施。  相似文献   

2.
耕作措施对土壤水稳性团聚体及有机碳分布的影响   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13  
通过9a不同耕作的定位试验,研究了深松、旋耕、免耕和传统耕作4种耕作措施对关中塿土小麦-玉米轮作条件下土壤水稳性团聚体及有机碳垂直分布的影响。结果表明,与传统耕作相比,深松、旋耕、免耕措施均提高了0～40cm土层中>2mm和0.25～2mm大团聚体含量、团聚体有机碳贡献率和团聚体平均重量直径,而传统耕作相应地增加了0～40cm土层中0.053～0.25mm微团聚体和<0.053mm粘砂粒含量及其有机碳贡献率。同时深松、旋耕、免耕措施提高了各土层总有机碳和耕层0～10cm所有级别团聚体有机碳含量,相比较而言,深松的作用效果更大。秸秆还田进一步提高了各土壤层次上总有机碳和所有级别团聚体的有机碳含量及大团聚体的形成与稳定。在玉米秸秆不还田的条件下,隔年深松比连年深松更有利于0～30cm大团聚体形成及总有机碳和各级别团聚体有机碳的积累。  相似文献   

3.
[目的]耕作措施对土壤有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TN)具有重要影响.本研究利用团聚体和密度联合分级方法,旨在揭示长期耕作对表层土壤团聚体内密度颗粒组分SOC及TN的影响,为深入理解黄土高原农田土壤碳氮提升机理提供依据.[方法]长期试验位于黄土高原东部边缘地区,开始于1999年,共设4个处理:少耕无覆盖(RT)、免耕覆盖(...  相似文献   

4.
《农业科学学报》2023,22(5):1529-1545
The co-utilization of green manure (GM) and rice straw (RS) in paddy fields has been widely applied as an effective practice in southern China. However, its effects on soil aggregate and soil organic carbon (SOC) stability remain unclear. In the present study, the effect of GM, RS, and co-utilization of GM and RS on particle size distribution of soil aggregates and SOC density fractions were measured in a field experiment. The experiment included six treatments, i.e., winter fallow (WF) without RS return (Ctrl), WF with 50% RS return (1/2RS), WF with 100% RS return (RS), GM without RS return (GM), GM with 50% RS return (GM1/2RS) and GM with 100% RS return (GMRS). The results showed that the proportion of small macro-aggregates (0.25–2 mm) and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates in the GMRS treatment was greater (by 18.9 and 3.41%, respectively) than in the RS treatment, while the proportion of silt+clay particles (<0.053 mm) was lower (by 14.4%). The concentration of SOC in microaggregates (0.053–0.25 mm) and silt+clay particles was higher in the GMRS treatment than in GM and RS treatments individually. The concentration and proportion of free light organic carbon (fLOC) in aggregates of various particle sizes and bulk soil was greater in the GMRS treatment than the RS treatment, whereas the concentration and proportion of mineral-associated organic carbon in small macroaggregates, microaggregates, and bulk was lower in the GMRS treatment than in the RS treatment. The proportion of intra-aggregate particulate organic carbon (iPOC) was greater in the GMRS treatment than in GM treatment. The GMRS treatment had strong positive effects on iPOC in small macroaggregates, suggesting that SOC was transferred from fLOC to iPOC. In conclusion, co-utilizing green manure and rice straw cultivated the SOC pool by increasing the concentration of fLOC and improved soil carbon stability by promoting the sequestration of organic carbon in iPOC as a form of physical protection.  相似文献   

5.
No-tillage (NT) and straw return (S) collectively affect soil organic carbon (SOC). However, changes in the organic carbon pool have been under-investigated. Here, we assessed the quantity and quality of SOC after 11 years of tillage and straw return on the North China Plain. Concentrations of SOC and its labile fractions (particulate organic carbon (POC), potassium permanganate-oxidizable organic carbon (POXC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)), components of DOC by fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), and the chemical composition of SOC by 13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy were explored. Treatments comprised conventional tillage (CT) and NT under straw removal (S0), return of wheat straw only (S1), or return of both wheat straw and maize residue (S2). Straw return significantly increased the concentrations and stocks of SOC at 0–20 cm depth, but NT stratified them with enrichment at 0–10 cm and a decrease at 10–20 cm compared to CT, especially under S2. Labile C fractions showed similar patterns of variation to that of SOC, with POC and POXC more sensitive to straw return and the former more sensitive to tillage. Six fluorescence components of DOC were identified, mainly comprising humic-like substances with smaller amounts of fulvic acid-like substances and tryptophan. Straw return significantly decreased the fluorescence index (FI) and autochthonous index (BIX) and increased the humification index (HIX). No-tillage generally increased HIX in topsoil but decreased it and increased the FI and BIX below the topsoil. Relative abudance order of the chemical composition of SOC was: O-alkyl C>alkyl-C>aromatic-C>carbonyl-C. Overall, NT under S2 effectively increased SOC and its labile C forms and DOC humification in topsoil and microbially-derived DOC below the topsoil. Return of both wheat and maize straw was a decisive factor in promoting SOC in the plow layer. The stratification of SOC under NT may confer a long-term influence on carbon sequestration.  相似文献   

6.
轮耕对渭北旱塬麦田土壤有机质和全氮含量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
【目的】研究由秸秆覆盖免耕、秸秆覆盖深松和秸秆还田翻耕组成的不同保护性轮耕模式对渭北旱塬连作麦田土壤肥力的影响。【方法】2007-2014年在陕西合阳实施夏闲期免耕/深松轮耕（NT/ST）、深松/翻耕轮耕（ST/CT）、翻耕/免耕轮耕（CT/NT）、连续免耕（NT/NT）和连续翻耕（CT/CT） 5种不同耕作模式定位试验,测定并分析2011-2014年小麦收获后不同耕作处理下土壤有机质和全氮变化规律及产量差异。【结果】与连续翻耕相比,连续免耕有利于表层土壤有机质和全氮积累,而免耕、深松和翻耕组成的3种轮耕处理更有利于提高20-40和40-60 cm土层土壤有机质和全氮含量,其中随着耕作年限延长,连续免耕处理下土壤养分逐渐表现出“上层富集,下层贫化”的现象;而免耕/深松轮耕更有利于耕层及耕层以下土壤养分均匀分布。随着轮耕年限增加,各耕作处理0-60 cm土层土壤有机质含量和总量均呈现出整体增加趋势,其中以免耕/深松处理增加趋势比较明显。与2007年相比,免耕/深松、深松/翻耕和翻耕/免耕3种轮耕处理的0-60 cm土层年平均有机质含量增加速率分别为4.53%、3.02%和2.26%,2014年土壤有机质总量分别增加了4.07、2.68和1.65 kg·m-3。轮耕7年后,免耕/深松、深松/翻耕和翻耕/免耕轮耕处理较连续翻耕处理0-60 cm土层土壤有机质含量分别显著增加25.3%、15.2%和10.2%,有机质总量分别增加31.57%、21.45%和13.94%,其中免耕/深松处理较连续免耕有机质含量增加9.20%,总量增加3.84%。在2011-2014年期间,与连续翻耕相比,连续免耕和3种轮耕处理0-60 cm土层土壤全氮含量及总量均有不同程度增加。其中2014年免耕/深松、深松/翻耕和翻耕/免耕轮耕处理较连续翻耕处理0-60 cm土层土壤全氮含量分别增加17.3%、8.0%和6.4%,氮总量分别显著增加了0.21、0.13和0.09 kg·m-3,其中,免耕/深松处理较连续免耕全氮含量增加了3.02%,总量减少了2.26%。2011-2014年冬小麦平均产量表现为深松/翻耕＞免耕/深松＞连续翻耕＞翻耕/免耕＞连续免耕,其中深松/翻耕和免耕/深松处理冬小麦平均产量接近,分别较连续翻耕处理显著增产10.36%和9.80%,较连续免耕处理显著增产17.84%和17.24%;翻耕/免耕较连续翻耕处理减产1.59%,较连续免耕处理增产5.08%,但差异不显著。不同保护性轮耕措施下,各土层土壤有机质含量与全氮含量间呈显著正相关;0-20 cm土层有机质含量与轮耕年限呈显著线性相关。【结论】3种轮耕模式较连续翻耕有利于提高0-60 cm土壤有机质和全氮总量,且较连续免耕有利于土壤养分含量在耕层及耕层以下土层均匀分布,其中以免耕/深松轮耕处理效果最优,且增产效应较佳,为渭北旱塬连作麦田较适宜的休闲轮耕模式。  相似文献   

7.
轮耕对双季稻田耕层土壤有机碳储量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
【目的】针对南方稻田连续免耕存在的有机碳表层富集现象,进行土壤轮耕效应的初步研究。【方法】试验选择双季稻区连续免耕7年稻田,研究了轮耕对耕层土壤有机碳含量及其对等质量法计算的耕层土壤有机碳储量影响。【结果】长期免耕后,翻耕、旋耕降低了表层0—5cm土壤有机碳含量,提高了下层5—20cm土壤有机碳含量,进而降低了耕层土壤有机碳层化率;而翻耕、旋耕后免耕土壤有机碳含量相对于翻耕、旋耕分别呈相反的趋势。2006—2009年表层600Mg·hm-2土壤有机碳储量均以长期免耕最高。长期免耕后,翻耕、旋耕秸秆还田会提高下层土壤有机碳储量,进而在一定程度上影响耕层2550Mg·hm-2土壤有机碳的累积;而翻耕、旋耕后免耕耕层土壤有机碳储量较翻耕、旋耕有所降低。【结论】长期免耕后,连续免耕秸秆还田会增加表层600Mg·hm-2土壤有机碳储量;而翻耕、旋耕秸秆还田会提高下层土壤有机碳储量。  相似文献   

8.
耕作措施对长期免耕双季稻田土壤碳库的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
针对南方稻田长期免耕存在的主要问题,本研究选择湖南省双季稻区连续7年免耕稻田,进行了不同耕作措施对土壤的总有机碳、活性有机碳的变化情况及其对土壤碳库影响的研究,以期为建立合理的轮耕周期提供理论依据。结果表明:0~20 cm平均总有机碳和活性有机碳含量均为旋耕>连续免耕>翻耕。与连续免耕相比,旋耕有利于提高土壤活性有机碳含量(比连续免耕提高了5.08%),翻耕则会促进土壤活性有机碳分解(比连续免耕降低了2.73%)。晚稻收获时0~20 cm平均碳库管理指数也表现为旋耕>连续免耕>翻耕,其中翻耕使碳库管理指数整体上显著降低(比连续免耕降低了21.7%);旋耕略有提高(比连续免耕提高了3.9%),但未达到显著水平(P<0.05)。总之,与连续免耕相比,翻耕可促进土壤活性有机碳分解,进而显著降低碳库管理指数;但旋耕差异不显著(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
The inlfuences of tillage systems on soil carbon （C） stocks have been studied extensively, but the distribution of soil C within aggregate fractions is not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the inlfuences of various tillage systems on soil aggregation and aggregate-associated C under wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） and corn （Zea mays L.） double cropping systems in the North China Plain. The experiment was established in 2001, including four treatments：moldboard plow （MP） with residue （MP＋R） and without residue （MP-R）, rotary tillage with residue （RT）, and no-till with residue （NT）. In 2007 soil samples were collected from the 0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm depths, and were separated into four aggregate-size classes （〉2 000, 250-2 000, 53-250, and〈53 μm） by wet-sieving method. Aggregate-associated C was determined, and the relationships between total soil C concentration and aggregation-size fractions were examined. The results showed that NT and RT treatments signiifcantly increased the proportion of macroaggregate fractions （〉2 000 and 250-2 000 μm） compared with the MP-R and MP＋R treatments. Averaged across all depths, mean weight diameters of aggregates （MWD） in NT and RT were 47 and 20% higher than that in MP＋R. The concentration of bulk soil organic C was positively correlated with MWD （r=0.98; P=0.024） and macroaggregate fraction （r=0.96; P=0.036） in the 0-5 cm depth. In the 0-20 cm depth, comparing with MP＋R, total C occluded in the〉2 000 μm fraction was increased by 9 and 6%under NT and RT, respectively. We conclude that adoption of conservation tillage system, especially no-till, can increase soil macro-aggregation and total C accumulation in macroaggregates, which may improve soil C sequestration in the intensive agricultural region of the North China Plain.  相似文献   

10.
【目的】探究添加秸秆对不同耕作措施下土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响,为北方旱作农田固碳增产管理提供理论依据。【方法】采集长期进行传统耕作（CT）和免耕（NT）的大田土壤样品进行室内培养试验,共设置4个处理,分别为传统耕作土壤不加秸秆（CT）、免耕土壤不加秸秆（NT）、传统耕作土壤加秸秆（CTS）和免耕土壤加秸秆（NTS）,每个处理15次重复。在25℃恒温培养箱中进行通气培养,培养时间共180 d,此间定期取样进行有机碳含量、水稳性团聚体构成、土壤微生物量碳和相关土壤酶活性的测定。【结果】（1）添加秸秆显著提高土壤有机碳含量和大团聚体含量。与CT相比,CTS提高土壤有机碳含量15%—46%;与NT相比,NTS提高土壤有机碳含量12%—21%;培养结束时,CTS、NTS处理的有机碳含量较初始分别提高26.8%和7.0%。CTS和NTS处理以2 000—250 μm团聚体含量最高,占全部团聚体的41%—50%,CTS较CT提高>250 μm团聚体比例235%—310%,NTS较NT提高>250 μm团聚体比例96%—149%。（2）添加秸秆显著增加土壤有机碳δ13C值,CTS处理为80.93‰—115.22‰,NTS为48.92‰—80.49‰;CTS秸秆来源碳所占比例显著高于NTS,较NTS处理提高13%—66%。（3）添加秸秆显著提高微生物量碳（MBC）含量、β-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）、β-纤维二糖苷酶（CBH）和β-木糖苷酶（BXYL）活性。CTS较CT提高MBC含量239%—623%,提高BG、CBH和BXYL活性58%—170%、52%—337%和117%-170%;NTS较NT处理提高MBC含量124%—555%,提高BG、CBH和BXYL活性28%—181%、4%—304%和13%—118%。（4）土壤有机碳含量与BG、CBH和BXYL活性、MBC及>2 000 μm、2 000—250 μm团聚体比例呈显著正相关关系,与250—53 μm、＜53 μm团聚体比例呈显著负相关关系;BG、CBH、BXYL 3种酶活性彼此之间表现为极显著正相关关系,且均与MBC、>2 000 μm团聚体、2 000—250 μm团聚体显著正相关,与＜53 μm团聚体极显著负相关。线性相关分析结果表明水稳性大团聚体（>250 μm）可解释有机碳变化的48%,MBC可解释有机碳变化的45%,BG、CBH和BXYL酶活性分别可解释有机碳变化的66%、44%、53%。【结论】添加秸秆可显著提高土壤有机碳和大团聚体含量,促进微生物数量增加和土壤酶活性增强,且对传统耕作土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响更大,有机碳在土壤中的固定除了受团聚体物理保护外,还受土壤中微生物作用的调节。  相似文献   

11.
Knowledge of the stability of soil organic C(SOC) is vital for assessing SOC dynamics and cycling in agroecosystems. Studies have documented the regulatory effect of fertilization on SOC stability in bulk soils. However, how fertilization alters organic C stability at the aggregate scale in agroecosystems remains largely unclear. This study aimed to appraise the changes of organic C stability within soil aggregates after eight years of fertilization(chemical vs. organic fertilization) in a greenhouse vegetable field in Tianjin, China. Changes in the stability of organic C in soil aggregates were evaluated by four methods, i.e., the modified Walkley-Black method(chemical method), ~(13)C NMR spectroscopy(spectroscopic method), extracellular enzyme assay(biological method), and thermogravimetric analysis(thermogravimetric method). The aggregates were isolated and separated by a wet-sieving method into four fractions: large macroaggregates(2 mm), small macroaggregates(0.25–2 mm), microaggregates(0.053–0.25 mm), and silt/clay fractions(0.053 mm). The results showed that organic amendments increased the organic C content and reduced the chemical, spectroscopic, thermogravimetric, and biological stability of organic C within soil aggregates relative to chemical fertilization alone. Within soil aggregates, the content of organic C was the highest in microaggregates and decreased in the order microaggregatesmacroaggregatessilt/clay fractions. Meanwhile, organic C spectroscopic, thermogravimetric, and biological stability were the highest in silt/clay fractions, followed by macroaggregates and microaggregates. Moreover, the modified Walkley-Black method was not suitable for interpreting organic C stability at the aggregate scale due to the weak correlation between organic C chemical properties and other stability characteristics within the soil aggregates. These findings provide scientific insights at the aggregate scale into the changes of organic C properties under fertilization in greenhouse vegetable fields in China.  相似文献   

12.
《农业科学学报》2019,18(7):1496-1507
Straw return has been strongly recommended in China, whereas applying biochar into soil is considered to provide more benefits for agriculture as well as the environment. In this study, a five-year(2011-2015) field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of uncharred maize straw amendment(MS) and charred maize straw amendment(charred MS) on organic carbon(C) contents in bulk soil and in various soil aggregate-size and density fractions. Compared to no amendment(CK), the bulk soil organic C content significantly improved by 9.30% for MS and by 23.4% for charred MS. Uncharred and charred maize straw applied annually at a consistent equal-C dosage resulted in 19.7 and 58.2% organic C sequestration efficiency in soil, respectively, after the five years of the field experiment. The percentages of macroaggregates(0.25 mm) and occluded microaggregates(0.25-0.053 mm) obviously increased by 7.73 and 18.1% for MS and by 10.7 and 19.6% for charred MS, respectively. Moreover, significant incremental increases of 19.4 and 35.0% in macroaggregate-associated organic C occurred in MS and charred MS, respectively. The occluded microaggregates associated organic C significantly increased by 21.7% for MS and 25.1% for charred MS. Mineral-associated organic C(0.053 mm) inside the macroaggregates and the occluded microaggregates obviously improved by 24.7 and 33.3% for MS and by 18.4 and 44.9% for charred MS. Organic C associated with coarse particulate organic matter(POM) within the macroaggregates markedly increased by 65.1 and 41.2% for MS and charred MS, respectively. Charred MS resulted in a noteworthy increment of 50.4% for organic C associated with heavy POM inside the occluded microaggregates, whereas charred MS and MS observably improved organic C associated with heavy POM inside the free microaggregates by 36.3 and 20.0%, respectively. These results demonstrate that uncharred and charred maize straw amendments improve C sequestration by physically protecting more organic C in the macroaggregates and the occluded microaggregates. Compared to the feedstock straw amendment, charred maize straw amendment is more advantageous to C sequestration.  相似文献   

13.
添加玉米秸秆对旱作土壤团聚体及其有机碳含量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
【目的】研究玉米秸秆还田对不同耕作处理下旱地土壤团聚体及其有机碳的影响,旨在探究长期传统耕作土壤添加秸秆后团聚体及其有机碳的变化规律,并确定添加秸秆提高土壤有机碳的主要原因,为旱地农田固碳技术提供理论依据。【方法】采集大田长期试验地的传统耕作和免耕小区土样进行室内培养试验,设置4个处理,分别为传统耕作土壤不加秸秆（CT）、免耕土壤不加秸秆（NT）、传统耕作土壤加秸秆（CTS）和免耕土壤加秸秆（NTS）,15次重复;秸秆为传统耕作玉米植株地上部分,用量为5%烘干土质量,在25℃恒温培养箱中通气培养180 d,定期取样进行团聚体组成和有机碳含量的测定。【结果】（1）不加秸秆处理团聚体以250—53 μm为主,占全部团聚体的52%—66%;添加秸秆处理以2 000—250 μm团聚体为主,占全部团聚体的41%—50%,CTS较CT提高230%—302%,NTS较NT提高92%—134%。（2）添加秸秆处理平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）以及>0.25 mm团聚体百分比（R0.25）显著提高,培养到180 d时,CTS较CT分别提高133%、130%和235%,NTS较NT分别提高53%、75%和87%。（3）培养至180 d时,CTS较CT分别提高250—53 μm和<53 μm团聚体有机碳70%和54%;NTS较NT分别提高250—53 μm和<53 μm团聚体有机碳30%和25%。（4）添加秸秆显著提高2 000—250 μm团聚体有机碳对土壤有机碳的贡献率,CTS和NTS分别为49%—61%和50%—60%,且受团聚体组成影响较大。【结论】添加秸秆能够有效提高旱作土壤大团聚体（>250 μm）形成并增强其稳定性,提高大团聚体有机碳对土壤有机碳的贡献率,且对传统耕作处理土壤的促进效果更明显。  相似文献   

14.
耕作方式对黑土团聚体含量及特征的影响   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15  
【目的】研究保护性耕作对东北黑土团聚体粒级分布和稳定性的影响,为探索有利于东北黑土结构改善的耕作方式提供科学依据。【方法】以2001年(耕作试验开始前)和2008年(耕作试验实施7年后)吉林省中层黑土为对象,分析探讨了免耕(NT)、秋翻(MP)和垄作(RT)处理0—30cm深度的土壤水稳性团聚体、干团聚体特征和土壤结构稳定性。【结果】与2001年相比,2008年各处理(RT、MP、NT)1mm水稳性大团聚体含量在0—5cm表层中均有所增加,且除MP外均达到显著水平(P0.05),其中RT和NT增加幅度分别为2001年的4.78和3.38倍,且显著高于MP。0.25—0.053mm水稳性微团聚体变化趋势则与大团聚体相反。8mm干团聚体在0—10cm土层的相对数量表现为RTNTMP,且均高于2001年背景值,其中0—5cm土层RT显著高于MP及2001年背景值(P0.05)。0.25—1mm干团聚体RTNTMP2001年背景值,呈现与4mm干团聚体相反的变化趋势。2008年各处理团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和0.25mm团聚体含量(R0.25)均比2001年有所提高,且湿筛法得到的结果远远低于干筛法,说明供试土壤的团聚体中水稳性团聚体比例很小。2008年3种耕作处理的土壤结构体破碎率和不稳定团粒指数(ELT)在各个土层均为MPNTRT,且除了MP处理5—20cm略高外,其它均低于2001年背景值。【结论】传统耕作不利于土壤大团聚体的增加和土壤结构的稳定,使土壤更易遭受风水侵蚀。保护性耕作,尤其垄作,促进了黑土稳定土壤结构体的形成,有利于土壤结构的改善。  相似文献   

15.
耕作方式对耕层黑土有机碳库储量的短期影响   总被引：30，自引：3，他引：30  
【目的】探索不同耕作方式对耕层黑土有机碳含量的影响。【方法】以2001年秋在吉林省德惠市中层黑土上进行了3年的田间定位试验小区土壤为研究对象，对免耕、垄作和秋翻3种耕作处理下耕层土壤有机碳的动态变化进行了分析，并采用等深度和等质量土壤碳库储量计算方法，比较了不同耕作处理对耕层土壤有机碳库储量的影响。【结果】不同耕作处理对黑土耕层有机碳的影响无显著性差异，而且免耕处理在短期内没有引起耕层土壤有机碳含量的明显增加，反而有所降低。与2001年试验开始时相比，3年免耕管理使表层0～5 cm土壤有机碳含量仅增加了0.18％，而5～20 cm土层有机碳含量则明显降低。利用等深度（0～30 cm）和等质量（4 040 Mg）土壤碳库储量计算方法对比研究表明，将土壤容重考虑在内的等质量土壤有机碳库储量计算方法可以更准确的反映耕作对土壤有机碳库储量的影响。等质量方法计算表明，3年的免耕试验并没有使耕层土壤有机碳库储量发生明显变化。【结论】在质地粘重和排水不良的土壤上实行免耕，短期内土壤有机碳含量并没有增加。长期效果如何还有待观测。  相似文献   

16.
Crop residue retention has been considered a practicable strategy to improve soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN), but the effectiveness of residue retention might be different under varied tillage practices. To evaluate the effects of residue management on the distribution and stocks of SOC and TN under different tillage practices, a bifactorial experiment with three levels for tillage practices(no-tillage, rotary tillage, and conventional tillage) and two levels for residue managements(residue retention and residue removal) was conducted in the North China Plain(NCP). Results showed that after a short experimental duration(3–4 years), concentrations of SOC and TN in the 0–10 cm layer were higher under no-tillage than under conventional tillage, no matter whether crop residues were retained or not. Residue retention increased SOC and TN concentrations in the upper layers of soil to some degree for all tillage practices, as compared with residue removal, with the greatest increment of SOC concentration occurred in the 0–10 cm layer under rotary tillage, but in the 10–30 cm layer under conventional tillage. The stocks of SOC in the 0–50 cm depth increased from 49.89 Mg ha–1 with residue removal to 53.03 Mg ha–1 with residue retention. However, no-tillage did not increase SOC stock to a depth of 50 cm relative to conventional tillage, and increased only by 5.35% as compared with rotary tillage. Thus, residue retention may contribute more towards SOC sequestration than no-tillage. Furthermore, the combination between residue retention and no-tillage has the greatest advantage in enhancing SOC and TN in the NCP region.  相似文献   

17.
【目的】研究周年土壤不同层次碳对耕作措施的响应,为复播条件下进行有利大豆土壤固碳的合理耕作措施提供参考依据。【方法】在2017年大田滴灌条件下,设置翻耕覆膜(TP)、翻耕(T)、深松(ST)、免耕(NT)4种土壤耕作处理,研究不同耕作处理对不同土壤层次土壤总有机碳(SOC)、微生物有机碳(MBC)、土壤颗粒有机碳(POC)含量的影响。【结果】相对于T与TP处理,NT与ST处理均有利于增加0~10 cm表层土壤的SOC、MBC和POC的质量分数,但两者间无显著性差异。在10~30 cm耕作层,TP处理较比于其余三种处理,能保持土壤中SOC、MBC和POC的质量分数。但在土层深度30 cm以下,ST处理的MBC、POC质量分数逐渐与其余三种处理的差异性逐渐增大并呈显著性差异。在0~60 cm土层深度,微生物有机碳与颗粒有机碳占总有机碳的比例范围分别为1.29%~2.35%与17.81%~31.99%,并均在深度至60 cm的土层达到最高点,其占在总有机碳的比率为ST>TP>T>NT。【结论】深松和免耕均能够有效增加表层土壤的SOC、MBC和POC的质量分数,其中深松对土层深度30 cm以下的MBC、POC质量分数与比率具有显著提升,而在土层20~30 cm翻耕覆膜能够更好保持土壤中SOC、MBC和POC的质量分数。  相似文献   

18.
【目的】陕西渭北旱塬属于暖温带半湿润易旱气候区,干旱对旱地农作物生产威胁严重,降水短缺及其季节分布不均制约着旱地冬小麦和春玉米生长发育,是导致作物产量低而不稳的主要因素。论文旨在探索渭北旱塬冬小麦-春玉米轮作区在不同轮耕措施下土壤蓄水保墒效果和作物增产增收效应。【方法】于2007-2013年在陕西合阳实施了免耕/深松、深松/翻耕、翻耕/免耕、连续翻耕等不同耕作处理田间定位试验,测定休闲期和作物生育期土壤水分及作物收获期土壤理化性状,分析各耕作处理作物产量和水分利用效率的变化规律。【结果】（1）3种耕作处理均能降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度,增加田间持水量和土壤有机质,且以免耕/深松轮耕处理效果最佳,与连续翻耕相比,免耕/深松轮耕处理平均土壤容重较连续翻耕处理降低3.6%,平均土壤孔隙度、田间持水量和土壤有机质含量较连续翻耕处理分别增加4.4%、11.6%和6.9%。（2）在6个试验年度的3个休闲期间,平均土壤蓄墒率：免耕/深松＞翻耕/免耕＞深松/翻耕＞连续翻耕,免耕/深松、深松/翻耕和翻耕/免耕处理平均土壤蓄墒率较连续翻耕处理分别增加22.4个百分点、4.4个百分点和4.9个百分点,增墒效果显著;免耕/深松、深松/翻耕和翻耕/免耕处理0-200 cm土层平均土壤蓄水量较连续翻耕处理分别高18.2、1.3和11.8 mm。（3）在冬小麦生长期,免耕/深松、深松/翻耕和翻耕/免耕处理0-200 cm土层平均土壤蓄水量较连续翻耕处理分别增加13.2、1.7和14.6 mm;在春玉米生长期,免耕/深松和深松/翻耕处理0-200 cm土层平均土壤蓄水量较连续翻耕处理分别增加17.8和15.1 mm,深松/翻耕处理低于连续翻耕处理5.0 mm。（4）在冬小麦生产年度,免耕/深松、深松/翻耕和翻耕/免耕处理平均产量较连续翻耕处理分别增产8.1%、8.9%和4.9%,水分利用效率平均提高14.3%、13.8%和10.2%;在春玉米生产年度,免耕/深松和深松/翻耕处理平均产量较连续翻耕处理分别增产10.2%和6.4%,水分利用效率平均提高4.6%和8.2%,翻耕/免耕与连续翻耕处理平均产量接近,水分利用效率接近。【结论】综合可知,3种轮耕模式中,与连续翻耕处理相比,深松/翻耕轮耕模式土壤水分状况较差,但其作物产量和水分利用效率较高;翻耕/免耕轮耕模式土壤水分状况较好,但其作物产量和水分利用效率较差;而免耕/深松轮耕模式对于改善土壤耕层物理结构、提高土壤蓄水保墒效果和作物增产效应最佳,为渭北旱塬区麦玉轮作田较适宜的休闲轮耕模式。  相似文献   

19.
The importance of soil organic carbon(SOC) sequestration in agricultural soils as climate-change-mitigating strategy has become an area of focus by the scientific community in relation to soil management.This study was conducted to determine the temporal effect of different tillage systems and residue management on distribution, storage and stratification of SOC, and the yield of rice under double rice(Oryza sativa L.) cropping system in the southern China.A tillage experiment was conducted in the southern China during 2005–2011, including plow tillage with residue removed(PT0), plow tillage with residue retention(PT), rotary tillage with residue retention(RT), and no-till with residue retention on the surface(NT).The soil samples were obtained at the harvesting of late rice in October of 2005, 2007 and 2011.Multiple-year residue return application significantly increased rice yields for the two rice-cropping systems; yields of early and late rice were higher under RT than those under other tillage systems in both years in 2011.Compared with PT0, SOC stocks were increased in soil under NT at 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths by 33.8, 4.1, 6.6, and 53.3%, respectively, in 2011.SOC stocks under RT were higher than these under other tillage treatments at 0–30 cm depth.SOC stocks in soil under PT were higher than those under PT0 in the 0–5 and 20–30 cm soil layers.Therefore, crop residues played an important role in SOC management, and improvement of soil quality.In the 0–20 cm layer, the stratification ratio(SR) of SOC followed the order NTRTPTPT0; when the 0–30 cm layer was considered, NT also had the highest SR of SOC, but the SR of SOC under PT was higher than that under RT with a multiple-year tillage practice.Therefore, the notion that conservation tillage lead to higher SOC stocks and soil quality than plowed systems requires cautious scrutiny.Nevertheless, some benefits associated with RT system present a greater potential for its adoption in view of the multiple-year environmental sustainability under double rice cropping system in the southern China.  相似文献   

20.
华北农田不同耕作方式的固碳效益评价   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  
为研究长期耕作措施下农田土壤碳储量以及潜在碳成本的情况,在中国科学院石家庄栾城生态系统试验站进行了长期耕作定位试验,设置免耕(NT)、旋耕(RT)和翻耕(CT)3个处理,并对各处理的固碳效益进行了评价。结果表明在秸秆还田、化肥投入的条件下各处理碳储量均呈现增长趋势,2004—2010年各处理间碳储量平均值由37 867.06增长到48 316.33kg/hm2,SCS的大小为CT>NT>RT;潜在碳成本NT、RT与CT分别为499.50,516.91和564.84kg/(hm2.a);通过效益评价可知,NT的生态效益最好,各处理间差异显著。RT的经济效益最好,与NT间差异不显著,但RT显著高于CT。建议华北麦玉两熟区农田优化当前农艺措施,提高机械覆盖面积,提升免耕作物经济产量,在此区域适当推广少免耕技术。  相似文献   

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